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"But perhaps I have overlooked
something, or misunderstood something?" said to myself several times.
"It cannot be that this condition of despair is natural to man!" And I
sought for an explanation of these problems in all the branches of
knowledge acquired by men. I sought painfully and long, not from idle
curiosity or listlessly, but painfully and persistently day and
night-sought as a perishing man seeks for safety-and I found nothing. |
¡°±×·¸Áö¸¸, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ³»°¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» °£°úÇÏ¿´°Å³ª,
¹«¾ùÀ» ¿ÀÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é?¡± ÇÏ¸é¼ ¿©·¯ ¹ø »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù.
¡°ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àý¸ÁÀÇ »óŰ¡ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ´ç¿¬ÇÒ ¸®°¡ ¾ø´Ù.¡±
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ·èÇØ ³õÀº ¸ðµç Áö½ÄÀÇ
ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ ÀÌµé ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â
°íÅ뽺·´°Ô ±×¸®°í ¿À·§µ¿¾È, ½É½ÉÇÑ È£±â½ÉÀ̳ª
¾ïÁö·Î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×·¯³ª ¹ã³·À¸·Î °íÅ뽺·¯ÀÌ ±×¸®°í
²öÁú±â°Ô ã¾Ò´Ù-Á׾´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹«»çÇÔÀ» ¹Ù¶óµíÀÌ
ã¾Ò´Ù-±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ãÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. |
|
I sought in all the sciences, but far from
finding what I wanted, became convinced that all who like myself had
sought in knowledge for the meaning of life had found nothing. And not
only had they found nothing, but they had plainly acknowledged that the
very thing which made me despair -- namely the senselessness of life -- is
the one indubitable thing man can know. |
³ª´Â ¸ðµç °úÇп¡¼ ã¾Ò´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
ã±â´Â Ä¿³ç, ³ª¿Í °°Àº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡
´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» ã¾ÒÀ¸³ª ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ãÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ãÁö ¸øÇßÀ» »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª¸¦ Àý¸Á-¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ÀλýÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔ-ÇϰÔ
¸¸µç ¹Ù·Î ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È®½ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÓÀ»
¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
I sought everywhere; and thanks to a life
spent in learning, and thanks also to my relations with the scholarly
world, I had access to scientists and scholars in all branches of
knowledge, and they readily showed me all their knowledge, not only in
books but also in conversation, so that I had at my disposal all that
science has to say on this question of life. |
³ª´Â ¾îµð¿¡¼µçÁö ã¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í Çй®¿¡ ½ñÀº »î
´öºÐ¿¡ ±×¸®°í ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¼¼»ó°úÀÇ °ü·Ã ´öÅÿ¡, ³ª´Â
Áö½ÄÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ °úÇÐÀÚµé°ú ÇÐÀÚµé Á¢ÃËÇÏ¿´´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ±â²¨ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç Áö½ÄÀ» ³»°Ô
º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù, Ã¥À¸·Î¼ ¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¶ÇÇÑ ´ëȸ¦ ÅëÇØ¼,
±× °á°ú, ³ª´Â Çй®ÀÌ ÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ³» ¼Õ¾Æ±Í¿¡ ³Ö¾ú´Ù. |
|
I was long unable to believe that it gives
no other reply to life's questions than that which it actually does
give. It long seemed to me, when I saw the important and serious air with
which science announces its conclusions which have nothing in common with
the real questions of human life, that there was something I had not
understood. I long was timid before science, and it seemed to me that the
lack of conformity between the answers and my questions arose not by the
fault of science but from my ignorance, but the matter was for me not a
game or an amusement but one of life and death, and I was involuntarily
brought to the conviction that my questions were the only legitimate ones,
forming the basis of all knowledge, and that I with my questions was not
to blame, but science if it pretends to reply to those questions. |
³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÁÖ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
´ë´äÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
³»°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®Á¦µé°ú ÀüÇô °øÅëÁ¡ÀÌ ¾ø´Â
°á·ÐµéÀ» °úÇÐÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ´Â Áß¿äÇÏ°íµµ ÁøÁöÇÑ ºÐÀ§±â¸¦
º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â
°Íó·³ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ³ª´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È °úÇÐ ¾Õ¿¡¼
°ÌÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´äº¯µé°ú ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®µé »çÀÌÀÇ
ÀÏÄ¡ÀÇ °á¿©´Â °úÇÐÀÇ À߸øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ªÀÇ ¹«Áö ¶§¹®¿¡
¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ³»°Ô´Â ´À²¸Á³´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¹®Á¦´Â ³»°Ô
ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿À¶ôÀ̳ª Àç¹Ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »î°ú Á×À½ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿´´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â À¯ÀÏÇϰÔ
Á¤´çÇϸç, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ È®½ÅÀº ¸ðµç Áö½ÄÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦
ÀÌ·ç¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇÑÇÑ ºñ³ ¹Þ¾Æ¼´Â
¾ÈµÇ¸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´äÇϴ ôÇÑ´Ù¸é °úÇÐÀÌ ºñ³
¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â È®½Å¿¡ À̸£°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù, |
|
My question-that which at the age of fifty
brought me to the verge of suicide-was the simplest of questions, lying in
the soul of every man from the foolish child to the wisest elder: it was a
question without an answer to which one cannot live, as I had found by
experience. It was: "What will come of what I am doing today or shall do
tomorrow? What will come of my whole life?" |
³ªÀÇ Àǹ®-¿À½ÊÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ³ª¸¦ ÀÚ»ìÀÇ Áö°æ±îÁö
À̸£°Ô ÇÑ °Í-Àº ¾î¸®¼®Àº ¾î¸°¾ÆÀ̺ÎÅÍ °¡Àå Çö¸íÇÑ
³ëÀÎµé ±îÁö ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå
´Ü¼øÇÑ Áú¹®µé: ³»°¡ °æÇèÀ¸·Î ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´µíÀÌ, ÇØ´äÀ»
ãÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é »ì¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦¿´´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº: ³»°¡ ¿À´Ã
Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ¶Ç´Â ³»ÀÏ ÇÒ ÀϷκÎÅÍ ¾î¶² °á°ú°¡ ÀϾ±î?
³ªÀÇ Àüü ÀλýÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ±î? |
|
Differently expressed, the question is:
"Why should I live, why wish for anything, or do anything?" It can
also be expressed thus: "Is there any meaning in my life that the
inevitable death awaiting me does not destroy?" |
´Ù¸£°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¹®Á¦´Â: ¡°³»°¡ ¿Ö »ì¾Æ¾ß Çϸç,
¿Ö ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ¿øÇØ¾ß Çϰí, ¶Ç´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡?¡±
±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¡°³ª¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®´Â
ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á×À½µµ ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ³» Àλý¿¡¼ÀÇ
¾î¶² Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖÀ»±î? |
|
To this one question, variously expressed,
I sought an answer in science. And I found that in relation to that
question all human knowledge is divided as it were into two opposite
hemispheres at the ends of which are two poles: the one a negative and the
other a positive; but that neither at the one nor the other pole is there
an answer to life's questions. |
ÀÌ ÇѰ¡Áö Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϸé¼,
³ª´Â °úÇп¡¼ ´äÀ» ã¾Æ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× Áú¹®¿¡
°ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç Àΰ£ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀº µÎ°³ÀÇ ¹Ý±¸¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¸ç ±×
³¡¿¡´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ ±ØÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ³ª´©¾î Áø´Ù: Çϳª´Â
ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÂÊÀÇ
±Ø¿¡µµ ÀúÂÊÀÇ ±Ø¿¡µµ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀº ¾ø´Ù. |
|
The one series of sciences seems not to
recognize the question, but replies clearly and exactly to its own
independent questions: that is the series of experimental sciences, and at
the extreme end of it stands mathematics. The other series of sciences
recognizes the question, but does not answer it; that is the series of
abstract sciences, and at the extreme end of it stands metaphysics. |
ÇÑÆíÀÇ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÇеéÀº ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â
°Í °°À¸³ª ±× ÀÚüÀÇ µ¿¶³¾îÁø ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â
ºÐ¸íÇϰí Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ½ÇÇè
°úÇеéÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ±Ø´Ü¿¡ ¼öÇÐÀÌ ¼ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥
ÇÑÆíÀÇ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÇеéÀº ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀνÄÇϳª, ±×°Í¿¡
´äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×°ÍÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ Ãß»óÀû °úÇеéÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±× ±Ø´Ü¿¡´Â ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀÌ ¼ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
From early youth I had been interested in
the abstract sciences, but later the mathematical and natural sciences
attracted me, and until I put my question definitely to myself, until that
question had itself grown up within me urgently demanding a decision, I
contented myself with those counterfeit answers which science gives. |
¾î¸° û³â±âºÎÅÍ ³ª´Â Ãß»óÀû °úÇп¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª µÚ¿¡ ¼öÇаú ÀÚ¿¬°úÇÐÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ²ø¾î
´ç°å´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ³ªÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô
Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¶§±îÁö, ±ä±ÞÇÏ°Ô °áÁ¤À» ¿ä±¸Çϸé¼, ³ªÀÇ
¾È¿¡¼ ±× ¹®Á¦ ÀÚü°¡ ÀÚ¶ó³¯ ¶§±îÁö, ³ª´Â °úÇÐÀÌ
ÁÖ´Â ±×µé ÇãÀ§ÀÇ ´äº¯¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çß´Ù. |
|
Now in the experimental sphere I said to
myself: "Everything develops and differentiates itself, moving towards
complexity and perfection, and there are laws directing this movement. You
are a part of the whole. Having learnt as far as possible the whole, and
having learnt the law of evolution, you will understand also your place in
the whole and will know yourself." Ashamed as I am to confess it, there
was time when I seemed satisfied with that. It was just the time when I
was myself becoming more complex and was developing. My muscles were
growing and strengthening, my memory was being enriched, my capacity to
think and understand was increasing, I was growing and developing; and
feeling this growth in myself it was natural for me to think that such was
the universal law in which I should find the solution of the question of
my life. But a time came when the growth within me ceased. I felt that I
was not developing, but fading, my muscles were weakening, my teeth
falling out, and I saw that the law not only did not explain anything to
me, but that there never had been or could be such a law, and that I had
taken for a law what I had found in myself at a certain period of my life.
I regarded the definition of that law more strictly, and it became clear
to me that there could be no law of endless development; it became clear
that to say, "in infinite space and time everything develops, becomes
more perfect and more complex, is differentiated", is to say nothing at
all. These are all words with no meaning, for in the infinite there is
neither complex nor simple, neither forward nor backward, nor better or
worse. |
ÀÌÁ¦ ½ÇÇèÀû ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ³ª´Â »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù: ¡°º¹ÇÕ¼º°ú
¿Ï¼ºÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ¸é¼ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù ±×¸®°í
½º½º·Î ±¸º°µÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» À̲ô´Â ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ÀüüÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÌ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ Àüü¸¦
¹è¿ì°í, ÁøÈÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢À» ¹è¿î´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ¶ÇÇÑ
Àüü¿¡¼ÀÇ ´ç½ÅÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ±ú´Ý°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» °í¹éÇϱ⵵
ºÎ²ô·´Áö¸¸, ³ª´Â ±×°Í¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´ø °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´ø ¶§°¡
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ º¹ÀâÇØÁö°í ¹ßÀüÇÏ´ø
¹Ù·Î ±×¶§¿´´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ±ÙÀ°ÀÌ ÀÚ¶ó¼ ÈûÀÌ ¼¼¾îÁö°í
ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÀÇ ±â¾ïÀº dzºÎÇÏ¿©Áö°í, ³ªÀÇ »ç°íÇϸç
ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¿ë·®Àº Áõ°¡Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ³ª´Â ÀÚ¶ó°í
¹ßÀüÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª Àڽſ¡¼ ÀÌ·± ¼ºÀåÀ»
´À³¢¸é¼ ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ³»°¡ ³ªÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀû ¹ýÄ¢À̶ó°í ³»°¡
»ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª ¾È¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀÌ
¸ØÃá ¶§°¡ ¿Ô´Ù. ³ª´Â ¹ßÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç
»ç±×·¯µé°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ³ªÀÇ ±ÙÀ°µéÀº ¾àÇØÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù,
³ªÀÇ ÀÌ»¡µéµµ ºüÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±× ¹ýÄ¢Àº
³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°Å³ª ÀÖÀ» ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ
ÀλýÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤ ½Ã±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô¼ ¹ß°ßÇÑ
°ÍÀ» ¹ýÄ¢À̶ó°í °£ÁÖÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×
¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Á¤ÀǸ¦ Á»´õ ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í
²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ¹ßÀüÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢Àº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ³»°Ô
ºÐ¸íÇØÁ³´Ù; ¡°¹«ÇÑÇÑ °ø°£°ú ½Ã°£¿¡¼ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ
¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù, ´õ¿í ¿ÏÀüÇØÁö°í ´õ¿í º¹ÀâÇØÁø´Ù, Â÷º°È
µÈ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸»ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù¶ó´Â
°ÍÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇØÁ³´Ù. À̰͵éÀº ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Â ¸ðµç
¸»µéÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¹«ÇÑ¿¡¼´Â º¹ÀâÇÔµµ ´Ü¼øÇÔµµ,
ÀüÁøµµ ÈÄÁøµµ, °³¼±µµ °³¾Çµµ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Above all, my personal question, "What
am I with my desires?" remained quite unanswered. And I understood that
those sciences are very interesting and attractive, but that they are
exact and clear in inverse proportion to their applicability to the
question of life: the less their applicability to the question of life,
the more exact and clear they are, while the more they try to reply to the
question of life, the more obscure and unattractive they become. If one
turns to the division of sciences which attempt to reply to the questions
of life-to physiology, psychology, biology, sociology-one encounters an
appalling poverty of thought, the greatest obscurity, a quite
unjustifiable pretension to solve irrelevant question, and a continual
contradiction of each authority by others and even by himself. If one
turns to the branches of science which are not concerned with the solution
of the questions of life, but which reply to their own special scientific
questions, one is enraptured by the power of man's mind, but one knows
in advance that they give no reply to life's questions. Those sciences
simply ignore life's questions. They say: "To the question of what you
are and why you live we have no reply, and are not occupied with that; but
if you want to know the laws of light, of chemical combinations, the laws
of development of organisms, if you want to know the laws of bodies and
their form, and the relation of numbers and quantities, if you want to
know the laws of your mind, to all that we have clear, exact and
unquestionable replies." |
¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú, ³ªÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ Áú¹®, ¡°³ªÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀº
¾î¶»°Ô µÇ´Â°¡?¡± ´Â ÀüÇô ´äº¯À» ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ä·Î
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×µé °úÇÐÀº ¸Å¿ì Èï¹Ì·Ó°í
¸Å·ÂÀûÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍµéÀº ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Àû¿ë¿¡¼ Á¤È®ÇÏ°í ¸í¹éÇÑ ¹Ýºñ·ÊÀÎ °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù:
ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ Àû¿ë¼ºÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé¸é µé¼ö·Ï
±×°ÍµéÀº ´õ¿í Á¤È®ÇÏ°í ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù, ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ
ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´äº¯ÇÏ·Á°í Çϸé ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï, ±×°ÍµéÀº Á¡Á¡
´õ ºÒÅõ¸íÇÏ°í ¸Å·ÂÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù. ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡
´ë´äÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °úÇÐÀÇ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ã´Â´Ù¸é-»ý¸®ÇÐ,
½É¸®ÇÐ, »ý¹°ÇÐ, »çȸÇÐ-±×´Â ³î¶ó¿î »ç»óÀÇ ºó°ï,
ÃÖ°íÀÇ ºÒÅõ¸íÇÔ, »ó°ü ¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç®·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ³Ê¹«³ª
Á¤´ç鵃 ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÁÖÀå, ±×¸®°í °³°³ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ŸÀÎµé ¶Ç´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ½º½º·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ¸ð¼øÀ»
¸¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø´Â °úÇÐÀÇ
ºÐ¾ß·Î¼, ±×·¯³ª ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ °úÇÐÀû
¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´äº¯ÇÏ´Â ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ã´Â´Ù¸é, ±×´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ
¸¶À½ÀÇ Èû¿¡ ¸Å·áµÈ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡
¾Æ¹«·± ´äº¯À» ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·±
°úÇеéÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ¹«½ÃÇØ ¹ö¸°´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡°´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö, ¿Ö »ç´Â°¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡
´ëÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ´ë´äÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ù·çÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù; ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ºû, ÈÇÐÀû °áÇÕÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢,
À¯±âüÀÇ ¼ºÀå¹ýÄ¢À» ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸ö°ú ±×ÀÇ
±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢, ±×¸®°í ¼ö¿Í ¾çÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î
ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½Å ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢À» ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±× ¸ðµç
°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ¸í¹éÇϰí Á¤È®Çϸç ÀǽÉÀÇ
¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â ´ë´äµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.¡± |
|
In general the relation of the
experimental sciences to life's question may be expressed thus:
Question: "Why do I live?" Answer: "In infinite space, in infinite
time, infinitely small particles change their forms in infinite
complexity, and when you have under stood the laws of those mutations of
form you will understand why you live on the earth." |
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇèÀû °úÇÐÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
°ü°è´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: Áú¹®: ¡°³ª´Â ¿Ö »ç´Â°¡¡±
´äº¯: ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¿ìÁÖ¿¡¼, ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ½Ã°£¿¡¼, ¹«ÇÑÇϰÔ
ÀÛÀº ºÐÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¸ð¾çÀ» ¹«ÇÑÇÑ º¹ÇÕ¼º¿¡¼
º¯È½ÃŲ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ º¯ÈÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢µéÀ»
±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¶¥ À§¿¡ ¿Ö »ç´ÂÁö ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Then in the sphere of abstract science I
said to myself: "All humanity lives and develops on the basis of
spiritual principles and ideals which guide it. Those ideals are expressed
in religions, in sciences, in arts, in forms of government. Those ideals
become more and more elevated, and humanity advances to its highest
welfare. I am part of humanity, and therefore my vocation is to forward
the recognition and the realization of the ideals of humanity." And at
the time of my weak-mindedness I was satisfied with that; but as soon as
the question of life presented itself clearly to me, those theories
immediately crumbled away. Not to speak of the unscrupulous obscurity with
which those sciences announce conclusions formed on the study of a small
part of mankind as general conclusions; not to speak of the mutual
contradictions of different adherents of this view as to what are the
ideals of humanity; the strangeness, not to say stupidity, of the theory
consists in the fact that in order to reply to the question facing each
man: "What am I?" or "Why do I live?" or "What must I do?" one
has first to decide the question: "What is the life of the whole?"
(which is to him unknown and of which he is acquainted with one tiny part
in one minute period of time.) To understand what he is, one man must
first understand all this mysterious humanity, consisting of people such
as himself who do not understand one another. |
ÇÑÆí, Ãß»óÀû °úÇÐÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼ ³ª´Â »ý°¢ÇØ º»´Ù: ¡°¸ðµç
Àηù´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÁöÇâÇÏ´Â Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®¿Í ÀÌ»óÀ»
Åä´ë·Î »ì¾Æ°¡¸ç ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù. ±×µé ÀÌ»óµéÀº Á¾±³, °úÇÐ,
¿¹¼ú, Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠǥÇöµÈ´Ù. ±×µé ÀÌ»óµéÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ
³ô¾ÆÁö°í, Àηù´Â ±×ÀÇ ÃÖ»óÀÇ ÇູÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°£´Ù. ³ª´Â
ÀηùÀÇ ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ªÀÇ ¼Ò¸íÀº ÀηùÀÇ
ÀÌ»óµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àνİú Çö½Çȸ¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ ¿¬¾àÇÑ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â ³ª´Â ±×°Í¿¡
¸¸Á·ÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª »ýÀÇ ¹®Á¦ ÀÚü°¡ ³»°Ô ¸í¹éÇϰÔ
Á¦½ÃµÇÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ±×µé À̷еéÀº Áï½Ã °¡·ç°¡ µÇ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù.
±×µé °úÇеéÀÌ ÀηùÀÇ ÀÛÀº ºÎºÐÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿© ±¸¼ºÇÑ
°á·ÐµéÀ» ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °á·ÐÀ¸·Î ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Â »·»·½º·¯¿î
¾Ö¸ÅÇÔÀº ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾øÀÌ; ÀηùÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀÌµé ½Ã°¢ÀÇ »óÀÌÇÑ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÇ »óÈ£ ¸ð¼øÀº ¸»ÇÒ
°Íµµ ¾øÀÌ; ¾î¸®¼®À½Àº ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾øÀÌ, ±× ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ
»ý¼ÒÇÔÀº °¢±â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ´ç¸éÇÑ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´äº¯ÇÏ·Á´Â
»ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù: ¡°³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡± ¶Ç´Â ¡°³ª´Â ¿Ö
»ç´Â°¡?¡± ¶Ç´Â ¡°³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡?¡± ¸ÕÀú ÀÌ
Áú¹®ºÎÅÍ °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¡°ÀüüÀÇ ÀλýÀº
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡± (±×°ÍÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±×°Í¿¡
´ëÇÏ¿© ±×´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÛÀº ½Ã±âÀÇ ½Ã°£ ¾È¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÇ
ÀÛÀº ºÎºÐ¸¸ ¸é½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´©±¸ÀÎÁö ±ú´Ý±â
À§Çؼ ±×´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼·Î¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀڽŰú
°°Àº »ç¶÷µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç ½Åºñ¿¡ ½ÎÀÎ
Àηù¸¦ ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
I have to confess that there was a time
when I believed this. It was the time when I had my own favourite ideals
justifying my own caprices, and I was trying to devise a theory which
would allow one to consider my caprices as the law of humanity. But as
soon as the question of life arose in my soul in full clearness that reply
at once flew to dust. And I understood that as in the experimental
sciences there are real sciences, and semi-sciences which try to give
answers to questions beyond their competence, so in this sphere there is a
whole series of most diffused sciences which try to reply to irrelevant
questions. Semi-sciences of that kind, the juridical and the
social-historical, endeavour to solve the questions of a man's life by
pretending to decide each in its own way, the question of the life of all
humanity. |
³ª´Â ³»°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ï´ø ½ÃÀýÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ½À» °í¹éÇØ¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¶§ ³ª´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ º¯´öµéÀ» Á¤´çÈ ½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â
³ªÀÇ °¡Àå ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ»óµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í
³ª´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ³ªÀÇ º¯´öµéÀ» ÀηùÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢À¸·Î
¿©±âµµ·Ï À̲ô´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀ» °í¾ÈÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÔÀ¸·Î
Á¦±âµÇÀÚ ±×·¯ÇÑ ´äº¯Àº ´çÀå ¸ÕÁö°¡ µÇ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù.
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ½ÇÇè °úÇп¡¼, ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °úÇеé, ±×¸®°í
±×µéÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ¿© ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â
À¯»ç °úÇеéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, ÀÌ ¹üÁÖ¿¡´Â »ó°ü¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Â
¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´äº¯ÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ³Î¸® ÆÛÁø ÃÑüÀûÀÌ
ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÇеéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¹ý·ü ¹× »çȸ-¿ª»ç
µîÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ À¯»ç °úÇеéÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ
¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀηùÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¢ÀÚ°¡ °¢±âÀÇ ¹æ¹ý´ë·Î
ÇØ°áÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í °¨È÷ ÁÖÀåÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ
¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç®·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù. |
|
But as in the sphere of man's
experimental knowledge one who sincerely inquires how he is to live cannot
be satisfied with the reply -- "Study in endless space the mutations,
infinite in time and in complexity, of innumerable atoms, and then you
will understand your life" -- so also a sincere man cannot be satisfied
with the reply: "Study the whole life of humanity of which we cannot
know either the beginning or the end, of which we do not even know a small
part, and then you will understand your own life." And like the
experimental semi-sciences, so these other semi-sciences are the more
filled with obscurities, inexactitudes, stupidities, and contradictions,
the further they diverge from the real problems. The problem of
experimental science is the sequence of cause and effect in material
phenomena. It is only necessary for experimental science to introduce the
question of a final cause for it to become nonsensical. The problem of
abstract science is the recognition of the primordial essence of life. It
is only necessary to introduce the investigation of consequential
phenomena (such as social and historical phenomena) and it also becomes
nonsensical. |
±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷ÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼Ã³·³ ±×°¡
¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß Çϴ°¡¸¦ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ¹¯´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±×
´ë´ä¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù-¡®³¡¾ø´Â °ø°£¿¡¼ ¹«¼öÇÑ
¿øÀÚµéÀÇ º¯ÈµéÀ» ¿¬±¸Ç϶ó, ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ½Ã°£ ¼Ó¿¡¼
±×¸®°í º¹Àâ ÇÔ¿¡¼, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀλýÀ»
±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯- ±×·¯ÇÔ °°ÀÌ, ¶ÇÇÑ ÁøÁöÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ±×
´ë´ä¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù: ¡°¿ì¸®°¡ ½ÃÀÛµµ ³¡µµ ¾Ë ¼ö
¾ø´Â ÀηùÀÇ Àüü ÀλýÀ» ¿¬±¸Ç϶ó, ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â
¿ì¸®µµ ½ÉÁö¾î Á¶±×¸¸ ºÎºÐµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ
ÀλýÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± ±×¸®°í ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ À¯»ç
°úÇеéó·³, À̵éÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ À¯»ç °úÇеéÀº ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾Ö¸ÅÇÔ
µé, ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÔ µé, ¿ìµÐÇÔ µé, ±×¸®°í ¸ð¼øµé·Î °¡µæ Â÷
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®Á¦µéº¸´Ù ´õ¿í ¸Ö¸® ¹ú¾îÁ® ³ª°£´Ù.
½ÇÇè °úÇÐÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â ¹°ÁúÀû Çö»óµé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿øÀΰú
°á°úÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÇè °úÇÐÀº ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¶Áö¸· ¿øÀο¡
´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦ Á¦±â¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ »ÓÀÌ¸ç ¹«ÀǹÌÇØ Áø´Ù.
Ãß»óÀû °úÇÐÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â ÀλýÀÇ ¿øÃÊÀûÀÎ º»ÁúÀ»
ÀνÄÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ °á°ú·ÐÀûÀÎ Çö»óµé(¿¹¸¦ µé¸é
»çȸÀû ¹× ¿ª»çÀû Çö»óµé)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç¸¦ Á¦±âÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°Í ¶ÇÇÑ ¹«ÀǹÌÇØÁø´Ù. |
|
Experimental science only then gives
positive knowledge and displays the greatness of the human mind when it
does not introduce into its investigations the question of an ultimate
cause. And, on the contrary, abstract science is only then science and
displays the greatness of the human mind when it puts quite aside
questions relating to the consequential causes of phenomena and regards
man solely in relation to an ultimate cause. Such in this realm of science
-- forming the pole of the sphere -- is metaphysics or philosophy. That
science states the question clearly: "What am I, and what is the
universe? And why do I exist, and why does the universe exist?" And
since it has existed it has always replied in the same way. Whether the
philosopher calls the essence of life existing within me, and in all that
exists, by the name of "idea", or "substance", or "spirit", or
"will", he says one and the same thing: that this essence exists and
that I am of that same essence; but why it is he does not know, and does
not say, if he is an exact thinker. I ask: "Why should this essence
exist? What results from the fact that it is and will be?" ... And
philosophy not merely does not reply, but is itself only asking that
question. And if it is real philosophy all its labour lies merely in
trying to put that question clearly. And if it keeps firmly to its task it
cannot reply to the question otherwise than thus: "What am I, and what
is the universe?" "All and nothing"; and to the question "Why?"
by "I do not know". |
½ÇÇè °úÇÐÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ» ÁÖ¸ç ±à±ØÀûÀÎ
¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦ Á¶»ç¿¡ µé¾î°¡Áö ¸øÇÒ ¶§´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ
¸¶À½ÀÌ À§´ëÇÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ý´ë·Î, Ãß»óÀû
°úÇÐÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¶§¿¡ °úÇÐÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Çö»óµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
°á°úÀûÀÎ ¿øÀε鿡 °ü·ÃÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» Á¦²¸ ³õÀ¸¸ç
»ç¶÷À» ¿ÀÁ÷ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¿øÀο¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§¿¡
Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÇ À§´ëÇÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
°Í-±¸ÀÇ ±ØÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â °Í-ÀÌ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀ̳ª öÇÐÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯ÇÑ °úÇÐÀº ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ ÁØ´Ù: ¡°³ª´Â
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡, ±×¸®°í ¿ìÁÖ´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¿Ö
Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡, ±×¸®°í ¿ìÁÖ´Â ¿Ö Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡? ±×¸®°í
±×°ÍÀº Á¸ÀçÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¶È°°Àº ½ÄÀ¸·Î ´äº¯ÀÌ
µÇ¾ú´Ù. öÇÐÀÚ°¡ ÀλýÀÇ º»ÁúÀÌ ³ª ¾È¿¡ ±×¸®°í ¡°À̳䡱,
¶Ç´Â ¡°¹°Áú¡±, ¶Ç´Â ¡°¿µÈ¥¡±, ¶Ç´Â ¡°ÀÇÁö¡±¶ó´Â
À̸§À¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÏÄ´´Ù
ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×´Â ¶È°°Àº ÇѰ¡Áö¸¦ ¸»ÇÔÀÌ´Ù: ÀÌ º»ÁúÀº
Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ³ª´Â ¶È°°Àº º»ÁúÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿Ö ±×·¯ÇÑÁö
±×´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×°¡ ¸¸ÀÏ ²Ä²ÄÇÑ
»ç»ó°¡¶ó¸é. ³ª´Â ¹¯´Â´Ù: ¡°¿Ö ÀÌ º»ÁúÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿©¾ß
Çϴ°¡? ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »ç½Ç·Î ÇÏ¿©
ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî?... ±×¸®°í öÇÐÀº ´äº¯ÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±× Â÷Á¦µµ ±×·± Áú¹®À» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸¸¾à ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀ̶ó¸é ±× ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀº
±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÇØ¼®ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÏ´Ù¸é ÀÌ°Í ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
´ë´äÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù: ¡°³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡. ±×¸®°í ¿ìÁÖ´Â
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡± ´Â ¡°À¯(êó) ±×¸®°í ¹«(Ùí)¡±; ±×¸®°í ¡°¿Ö¡±
¿¡ °üÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡´Â ¡°¸ð¸¥´Ù¡± |
|
So that however I may turn these replies
of philosophy, I can never obtain anything like an answer-and not because,
as in the clear experimental sphere, the reply does not relate to my
question, but because here, though all the mental work is directed just to
my question, there is no answer, but instead of an answer one gets the
same question, only in a complex form. |
±×·¯ÇÑ °á°ú·Î, ³»°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® À̵é öÇеéÀÇ ´ë´äÀ»
µé¾î º¸¾Æµµ, ³ª´Â ´ë´ä °°Àº °ÍÀ» °áÄÚ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù-ºÐ¸íÇÑ
½ÇÇèÀû ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼Ã³·³, ±× ´ë´äÀº ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ
¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿©±â, ºñ·Ï ¸ðµç Á¤½ÅÀû ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ
¿ÀÁ÷ ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î Á³Áö¸¸, ´äÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×·¯³ª ´äº¯ ´ë½Å¿¡ ´õ¿í º¹ÀâÇÑ ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î¼ ¶È°°Àº
Àǹ®¸¸ °®°Ô µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
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