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III |
III |
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So I lived, abandoning myself to this
insanity for another six years, till my marriage. During that time I went
abroad. Life in Europe and my acquaintance with leading and learned
Europeans* confirmed me yet more in the faith of striving after perfection
in which I believed, for I found the same faith among them. That faith
took with me the common form it assumes with the majority of educated
people of our day. It was expressed by the word "progress". It then
appeared to me that this word meant something. I did not as yet understand
that, being tormented (like every vital man) by the question how it is
best for me to live, in my answer, "Live in conformity with progress",
I was like a man in a boat who when carried along by wind and waves should
reply to what for him is the chief and only question, "whither to
steer", by saying, "We are being carried somewhere". |
±×·¸°Ô ³ª´Â »ì¾Ò´Ù, À°³â µ¿¾È ÀÌ·± Á¤½ÅÀÌ»ó¿¡
³»¸Ã±â¸é¼, ³»°¡ °áÈ¥ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö. ±× ½ÃÀý¿¡ ³ª´Â
¿Ü±¹¿¡ °¬´Ù. À¯·´ÀÇ »ýȰ°ú ÁöµµÀûÀÌ¸ç ¹Ú½ÄÇÑ
À¯·´Àεé°úÀÇ ¸¸³²Àº ³»°¡ ¹Ï¾ú´ø ¿Ï¼ºÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â
½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´õ¿í È®½ÅÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼µµ
¶È°°Àº ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¹ß°ßÇ߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ±× ½Å¾ÓÀº ¿ì¸®
½Ã´ëÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±³À° ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃëÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â
°øÅëÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ» ³ª¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¡°Áøº¸¡±¶ó´Â
´Ü¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§ ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌ ´Ü¾î°¡
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù. (¸¶Ä¡ ¸ðµç »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷ó·³) ³»°¡ »ç´Â ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î
°íÅë ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, ³ªÀÇ ´ë´äÀº, ¡°Áøº¸¿Í ¹ß¸ÂÃß¾î »ì¶ó¡±
¿´´Ù, ³ª´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ¹è¸¦ ź ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷°ú ÆÄµµ¿¡
¾µ·Á°¥ ¶§, ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ÁÖµÈ ±×¸®°í À¯ÀÏÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÎ,
¡°¾îµð·Î ³ª¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀΰ¡¡±¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¾îµò°¡·Î
¾µ·Á°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÔÀ¸·Î ´äÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú
°°¾Ò´Ù.. |
|
I did not then notice this. Only
occasionally -- not by reason but by instinct -- I revolted against this
superstition so common in our day, by which people hide from themselves
their lack of understanding of life....So, for instance, during my stay in
Paris, the sight of an execution revealed to me the instability of my
superstitious belief in progress. When I saw the head part from the body
and how they thumped separately into the box, I understood, not with my
mind but with my whole being, that no theory of the reasonableness of our
present progress could justify this deed; and that though everybody from
the creation of the world had held it to be necessary, on whatever theory,
I knew it to be unnecessary and bad; and therefore the arbiter of what is
good and evil is not what people say and do, nor is it progress, but it is
my heart and I. Another instance of a realization that the superstitious
belief in progress is insufficient as a guide to life, was my brother's
death. Wise, good, serious, he fell ill while still a young man, suffered
for more than a year, and died painfully, not understanding why he had
lived and still less why he had to die. No theories could give me, or him,
any reply to these questions during his slow and painful dying. But these
were only rare instances of doubt, and I actually continued to live
professing a faith only in progress. "Everything evolves and I evolve
with it: and why it is that I evolve with all things will be known some
day." So I ought to have formulated my faith at that time. |
³ª´Â ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ Â÷¸®Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷
°¡²û¾¿-À̼º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º»´É¿¡ ÀÇÇØ-¿ì¸®
½Ã´ë¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÈçÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¹Ì½Å¿¡ Çø¿À¸¦ ´À²¼´Ù, ±×·¯³ª
»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ú´ÞÀ½ÀÇ °á¿©·Î ±×·±
¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·Î¼ ÀڽŵéÀ» ¼û°å´Ù... ±×·¡¼, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ³»°¡
ÆÄ¸®¿¡ ¸Ó¹«´Â µ¿¾È, »çÇüÁýÇà Àå¸éÀº Áøº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ
¹Ì½ÅÀûÀÎ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÔÀ» ³ª¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
¸öÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ó¸® °¡ ¶³¾îÁ®¼ ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µû·Îµû·Î
»óÀÚ¿¡ Ãijִ°¡¸¦ ³»°¡ º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ³ªÀÇ ¸¶À½À¸·Î¼°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ªÀÇ Á¸Àç Àüü·Î, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇöÀçÀÇ Áøº¸ÀÇ
À̼º½º·¯¿òÀÇ ¾î¶² À̷еµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ Á¤´çÈÇÒ ¼ö
¾øÀ½À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¼¼»óÀÇ Ã¢Á¶·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×°ÍÀÌ
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í À¯ÁöµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¹«½¼
À̷лóÀ¸·Î¶óµµ, ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ¾ÇÀÓÀ»
¾Ë¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¼±ÇÑ °Í°ú ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÚ´Â
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸»Çϰųª ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº Áøº¸µµ
¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ ¸¶À½°ú ³ª¿´´Ù. Áøº¸¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅÀû ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ Àλý ÁöħÀ¸·Î¼ ºÒÃæºÐÇÔÀ»
±ú´ÞÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹´Â ³ªÀÇ ÇüÀÇ Á×À½À̾ú´Ù. ÁöÇý·Ó°í,
¶Ù¾î³ª¸ç, ÁøÁöÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀþÀºµ¥µµ ±×´Â º´ÀÌ
µé¾î¼ Àϳâ ÀÌ»óÀ» ½Ã´Þ¸®´Ù°¡ °íÅ뽺·´°Ô Á×¾ú´Ù,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿Ö »ì¾Ò´ÂÁö ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇϰí, ´õ¿íÀÌ ¿Ö Á×¾î¾ß
ÇÏ´ÂÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°í¼. ±×°¡ õõÈ÷ ±×¸®°í °íÅ뽺·´°Ô
Á׾´Â µ¿¾È ¾î¶² À̷е鵵 ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Æ´Ï ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÌ
Áú¹®µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ÇØ´äÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ÀÇȤ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¹® ¿¹ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í
³ª´Â »ç½Ç»ó ¿ÀÁ÷ Áøº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °í¹éÇÏ¸ç °è¼Ó
»ì¾Æ °¬´Ù. ¡°¸ðµç °ÍÀº ÁøÈÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ªµµ ±×¿¡
µû¶ó ÁøÈÇÑ´Ù: ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ¿Ö ¸ðµç °Í°ú ÇÔ°è
ÁøÈÇϴ°¡´Â ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± ±×·¡¼ ³ª´Â ±×
´ç½Ã¿¡ ³ªÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» Çü¼ºÇß¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. |
|
On returning from abroad I settled in the
country and chanced to occupy myself with peasant schools. This work was
particularly to my taste because in it I had not to face the falsity which
had become obvious to me and stared me in the face when I tried to teach
people by literary means. Here also I acted in the name of progress, but I
already regarded progress itself critically. I said to myself: "In some
of its developments progress has proceeded wrongly, and with primitive
peasant children one must deal in a spirit of perfect freedom, letting
them choose what path of progress they please." In reality I was ever
revolving round one and the same insoluble problem, which was: How to
teach without knowing what to teach. In the higher spheres of literary
activity I had realized that one could not teach without knowing what, for
I saw that people all taught differently, and by quarrelling among
themselves only succeeded in hiding their ignorance from one another. But
here, with peasant children, I thought to evade this difficulty by letting
them learn what they liked. It amuses me now when I remember how I
shuffled in trying to satisfy my desire to teach, while in the depth of my
soul I knew very well that I could not teach anything needful for I did
not know what was needful. After spending a year at school work I went
abroad a second time to discover how to teach others while myself knowing
nothing. |
¿Ü±¹¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÀÚ, ³ª´Â ½Ã°ñ¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿© ³óºÎµéÀÇ
Çб³¿¡ Á¾»çÇÒ ±âȸ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏÀº ƯÈ÷ ³ªÀÇ
ÃëÇâ¿¡ ¸Â¾Ò´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ¾È¿¡¼ ³ª´Â ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô
¸í¹éÇØÁø À§¼±À» Á÷¸éÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í
»ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹®ÇÐÀûÀÎ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼ °¡¸£Ä¡°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§ ³ª¸¦
Á÷½ÃÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ¿©±â¼µµ ³ª´Â Áøº¸ÀÇ
À̸§À¸·Î ÇൿÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Áøº¸ ÀÚü¸¦
ºñÆÇÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â Àڽſ¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡°¹ßÀüÀÇ
¾î¶² ´Ü°è¿¡¼ Áøº¸´Â À߸ø ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í
¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ ³óÃÌ ¾î¸°À̵éÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ
Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î ´ëÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±×µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â Áøº¸ÀÇ
±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.¡± »ç½Ç»ó, ³ª´Â ²À °°ÀÌ
Ç®Áö ¸øÇÒ ÇѰ¡Áö ¹®Á¦ µÑ·¹¸¦ °è¼Ó µ¹°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥,
±×°ÍÀº: ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ¾ß ÇÒ Áö¸¦ ¸ð¸£¸é¼ ¾î¶»°Ô
°¡¸£Ä¡´Â°¡ ÀÌ´Ù. ¹®ÇÐÀûÀΠȰµ¿ÀÇ ³ôÀº ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ ³ª´Â
¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é °¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ´Ù¸£°Ô °¡¸£ÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ¼·Î°£¿¡
½Î¿ì¹Ç·Î ÇØ¼, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¹«Áö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô
°¨Ãߴµ¥ ¼º°øÇßÀ» »ÓÀ̶õ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¿©±â¼, ³óºÎµéÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô´Â, ³ª´Â ±×µéÀÌ
ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ìµµ·Ï ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ·± ¾î·Á¿òÀ»
ȸÇÇÇÏ·Á°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ±íÀº °÷¿¡¼´Â,
¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö¸¦ ³ª´Â ¸ô¶úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¾î¶² °Íµµ
°¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª Àß ¾Ë°í Àִµ¥µµ, ³ªÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä¡°í ½ÍÀº ¿å±¸¸¦ ¸¸Á·½Ã۱â À§ÇÏ¿© ³»°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô
±³¹¦È÷ ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö¸¦ ±â¾ïÇØ º¸¸é Áö±Ýµµ ¿ì½º¿î
ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Çб³ ÀÏ¿¡ ÀϳâÀ» ¼ÒºñÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ³ª´Â µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î
¿Ü±¹¿¡ ³ª°¡¼ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ð¸£¸é¼ ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô °¡¸£Ä¡´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ º¸·Á°í Çß´Ù. |
|
And it seemed to me that I had learnt this
abroad, and in the year of the peasants' emancipation (1861) I returned
to Russia armed with all this wisdom, and having become an Arbiter.* I
began to teach, both the uneducated peasants in schools and the educated
classes through a magazine I published. Things appeared to be going well,
but I felt I was not quite sound mentally and that matters could not long
continue in that way. And I should perhaps then have come to the state of
despair I reached fifteen years later had there not been one side of life
still unexplored by me which promised me happiness: that was my marriage. |
±×¸®°í ³»°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¿Ü±¹¿¡¼ ¹è¿ü´Ù´Â ´À³¦ÀÌ
µé¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ó¹Î ÇØ¹æÀÇ ÇØ(1861)¿¡ ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç
ÁöÇý·Î ¹«ÀåÇÏ¿© ·¯½Ã¾Æ·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â
ÁßÀçÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â Çб³¿¡¼´Â ¹è¿ìÁö ¸øÇÑ
³óºÎµéÀ», ³»°¡ ÃâÆÇÇÏ´Â ÀâÁö·Î´Â ¹è¿î °èÃþÀ»
°¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ¸Å»ç°¡ Àß µÇ¾î °¡´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â
Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·¸°Ô ¸Å¿ì °ÇÀüÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔÀ» ´À²¼´Ù
±×¸®°í ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î´Â ÀϵéÀÌ ¿À·¡ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇØÁÖ´Â, ³ª¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
¾ÆÁ÷µµ ޱ¸ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀλýÀÇ ÇÑ Ãø¸éÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é,
³ª´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×¶§ ³»°¡ ½Ê¿À³â µÚ¿¡ ºÀÂøÇÑ Àý¸ÁÀÇ
»óÅ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß¾î¾ß Çß´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ³ªÀÇ °áÈ¥À̾ú´Ù. |
|
For a year I busied myself with
arbitration work, the schools, and the magazine; and I became so worn
out-as a result especially of my mental confusion-and so hard was my
struggle as Arbiter, so obscure the results of my activity in the schools,
so repulsive my shuffling in the magazine (which always amounted to one
and the same thing: a desire to teach everybody and to hide the fact that
I did not know what to teach), that I fell ill, mentally rather than
physically, threw up everything, and went away to the Bashkirs in the
steppes, to breathe fresh air, drink kumys,* and live a merely animal life. |
Àϳ⠵¿¾È ³ª´Â Çб³µé, ±×¸®°í ÀâÁö »çÀÌ¿¡¼ Á¶Á¤
ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»¦´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³Ê¹« ÁöÃļ-³ªÀÇ
Á¤½ÅÀû È¥¶õÀÇ °á°ú·Î-±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ Á¶Á¤ÀڷμÀÇ ³Ê¹«
Èûµç ³ë·Â ¶§¹®¿¡, Çб³µé¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ È°µ¿ÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ³Ê¹«
ºÒÅõ¸íÇØ¼, ÀâÁö¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª
¸Þ½º²¨¿ö¼(À̰ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¶È°°Àº ÇѰ¡Áö·Î µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥:
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡¸é¼µµ, ³»°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸£Ãľß
ÇÒÁö¸¦ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¼û±â·Á ÇÏ´Â ¿å±¸¿´´Ù), ³ª´Â
º´ÀÌ µé¾úÀ¸¸ç, À°Ã¼ÀûÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î,
½Å¼±ÇÑ °ø±â¸¦ ¸¶½Ã°í Äí¹Ì¸¦ ¸¶½Ã·Á°í ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ´øÁ®
¹ö¸®°í, ±¤È°ÇÑ ÃÊ¿øÀÇ ¹Ù½ºÅ°¸£¿¡ °¬´Ù ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷
µ¿¹°ÀûÀÎ »ýȰÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
Returning from there I married. The new
conditions of happy family life completely diverted me from all search for
the general meaning of life. My whole life was centered at that time in my
family, wife and children, and therefore in care to increase our means of
livelihood. My striving after self-perfection, for which I had already
substituted a striving for perfection in general, i.e. progress, was now
again replaced by the effort simply to secure the best possible conditions
for myself and my family. |
±×°÷¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ¿Í ³ª´Â °áÈ¥À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇູÇÑ °¡Á·
»ýȰÀÇ »õ·Î¿î »óȲÀÌ »îÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ÀǹÌÀÇ Å½±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
³ª¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ µ¹·Á ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ³ªÀÇ Àüü ÀλýÀº ±× ´ç½Ã
³ªÀÇ °¡Á·, ¾Æ³» ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÀ̵鿡 ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ý°è¼ö´ÜÀ» ´Ã¸®´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾú´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÀÚ±â
¿Ï¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ Ãß±¸´Â, ±×¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ÀϹÝÀû
¿Ï¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ Ãß±¸·Î ´ëüÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, Áøº¸, ³ª
ÀڽŰú ³ªÀÇ °¡Á·ÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ»óÀÇ È¯°æÀ»
È®º¸ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ù½Ã ´ëüµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
So another fifteen years passed. |
±×·¡¼ ´Ù½Ã ½Ê¿À ³âÀÌ Èê·¶´Ù. |
|
In spite of the fact that I now regarded
authorship as of no importance-the temptation of immense monetary rewards
and applause for my insignificant work-and I devoted myself to it as a
means of improving my material position and of stifling in my soul all
questions as to the meaning of my own life or life in general. |
ÀúÀÛ¾÷À» ÀÌÁ¦ Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¿©±â°í ÀÖ´Â
»ç½Ç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí-³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇÏÂúÀº ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¾öû³ ±ÝÀüÀû º¸¼ö¿Í Âù»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯È¤¶§¹®¿¡-³ª´Â
³ªÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀû À§Ä¡¸¦ °³¼±ÇÏ¸ç ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡¼ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
ÀλýÀ̳ª º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç Áú¹®À»
¾ï´©¸£´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼ ±× ÀÏ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
I wrote: teaching what was for me the only
truth, namely, that one should live so as to have the best for oneself and
one's family. |
³ª´Â ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´´Ù: ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Áø½ÇÀÎ °ÍÀ»
°¡¸£Ä¡´Â °Í, Áï ÀڽŰú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·À» À§ÇÏ¿© ÃÖ»óÀÇ
°ÍÀ» °®±â À§ÇÏ¿© »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
So I lived; but five years ago something
very strange began to happen to me. At first I experienced moments of
perplexity and arrest of life, and though I did not know what to do or how
to live; and I felt lost and became dejected. But this passed and I went
on living as before. Then these moments of perplexity began to recur
oftener and oftener, and always in the same form. They were always
expressed by the questions: What is it for? What does it lead to? |
±×·¸°Ô »ì¾Ò´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿À³â Àü¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÀÌ»óÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ
³ª¿¡°Ô ÀϾ´Ù. óÀ½¿¡ ³ª´Â »î¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¼ø°£ÀûÀÎ
´çȤ°¨°ú Á¤Áö¸¦ °æÇèÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÒÁö ¶Ç´Â
¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÒÁö ¸ô¶ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¾îÂîÇÒ ÁÙÀ»
¸ð¸£°í Ç®ÀÌ Á×¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ Áö³ª°¡°í ³ª´Â
ÀÌÀüó·³ »ì¾Æ °¬´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ·± ´çȤÇÑ ¼ø°£µéÀÌ Á¡Á¡
ÀÚÁÖ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¶È°°Àº
¸ð¾çÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª: ¹«¾ù ¶§¹®Àΰ¡? ±×°Ô
¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌÁö? µîÀÇ Áú¹®À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
At first it seemed to me that these were
aimless and irrelevant questions. I thought that it was all well known,
and that if I should ever wish to deal with the solution it would not cost
me much effort; just at present I had no time for it, but when I wanted to
I should be able to find the answer. The questions however began to repeat
themselves frequently, and to demand replies more and more insistently;
and like drops of ink always falling on one place they ran together into
one black blot. |
óÀ½¿¡´Â ³»°Ô´Â À̰͵éÀÌ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ¿¬°üÀÌ
¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦µé·Î ¿©°Ü Á³¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Àß
¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀ¸·Î ³»°¡ ÇØ´äÀ» ã°íÀÚ ¿øÇϱ⸸ Çϸé
±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, Áö±Ý ´çÀåÀº
³ª´Â ±×·² ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ¿øÇÒ ¶§ ³ª´Â
Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ´äÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ Çß´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±× ¹®Á¦µéÀº ±× ÀÚü°¡ ÀÚÁÖ ¹Ýº¹ÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í,
Á¡Á¡ ´õ Áý¿äÇÏ°Ô ´ë´äµéÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¸¶Ä¡
¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇÑ °÷¿¡ ¶³¾îÁö´Â À×Å© ¹æ¿ïó·³ ±×°ÍµéÀº ÇÔ²²
Èê·¯¼ ÇϳªÀÇ °ËÀº ¾ó·èÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
Then occurred what happens to everyone
sickening with a mortal internal disease. At first trivial signs of
indisposition appear to which the sick man pays no attention; then these
signs reappear more and more often and merge into one uninterrupted period
of suffering. The suffering increases, and before the sick man can look
round, what he took for a mere indisposition has already become more
important to him than anything else in the world -- it is death! |
±×¶§ Á×À½¿¡ À̸£´Â ¼Óº´¿¡ °É·Á ¾ÆÇ »ç¶÷À̸é
´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. º´ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ¹«·±
°ü½ÉÀ» µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¼ÒÇÑ ºÒÄèÇÑ Áõ»óÀÌ Ã³À½¿¡
³ªÅ¸³´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ À̵é Áõ»óÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀÚÁÖ
³ªÅ¸³ª¼ °íÅëÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ²÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã±â·Î ÇÕÇØÁø´Ù.
°íÅëÀº Áõ°¡µÇ°í, ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æ º¸±â Àü¿¡,
±×°¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ºÒÄèÇÔÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼¼»ó¿¡¼
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù-±×°ÍÀº
Á×À½ÀÌ´Ù! |
|
That is what happened to me. I understood
that it was no casual indisposition but something very important, and that
if these questions constantly repeated themselves they would have to be
answered. And I tried to answer them. The questions seemed such stupid,
simple, childish ones; but as soon as I touched them and tried to solve
them I at once became convinced, first, that they are not childish and
stupid but the most important and profound of life's questions; and
secondly that, occupying myself with my Samara estate, the education of my
son, or the writing of a book, I had to know why I was doing it. As
long as I did not know why, I could do nothing and could not live. Amid
the thoughts of estate management which greatly occupied me at that time,
the question would suddenly occur: "Well, you will have 6,000 desyatinas*
of land in Samara Government and 300 horses, and what then?" ... And I
was quite disconcerted and did not know what to think. Or when considering
plans for the education of my children, I would say to myself: "What
for?" Or when considering how the peasants might become prosperous, I
would suddenly say to myself: "But what does it matter to me?" Or when
thinking of the fame my works would bring me, I would say to myself,
"Very well; you will be more famous than Gogol or Pushkin or Shakespeare
or Moliere, or than all the writers in the world-and what of it?" And I
could find no reply at all. The questions would not wait, they had to be
answered at once, and if I did not answer them it was impossible to live.
But there was no answer. |
±×°ÍÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÏ¾î³ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ °áÄÚ
¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ºÒÄè°¨ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ¹«¾ùÀÓÀ»
±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌµé ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ
¹Ýº¹µÈ´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇØ´äÀÌ ³ª¿Í¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°Íµé¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏ·Á°í
½ÃµµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× Áú¹®µéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ¿ìµÐÇϰí, ´Ü¼øÇϸç,
¾î¸®¼®¾î º¸¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ±×°Íµé¿¡ ¼ÕÀ» ´ë¾î Ç®¾î
º¸·Á°í ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ³ª´Â ´çÀå, ù¹øÂ°·Î, ¸ÕÀú ±×°ÍµéÀÌ
¾î¸®¼®°í ¿ìµÐÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
°¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ°í ½É¿ÀÇϸç; ±×¸®°í µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î, ³»°¡ ³ªÀÇ
»ç¸¶¶óÀÇ ÀúÅÃ, ÀÚ½Ä ±³À°, ¶Ç´Â Ã¥ÀÇ ÁýÇÊ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇϰí
ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³ª´Â ¿Ö ³»°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Çϰí Àִ°¡¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³»°¡ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â ÇÑ,
³ª´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç »ì ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´ç½Ã¿¡
¾öû³ª°Ô ³ª¸¦ ºÙµé°í ÀÖ´ø ÀúÅà ¿î¿µÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â
°¡¿îµ¥¼, ¹®Á¦°¡ °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³ª°ï Çß´Ù: ¡°±Û½ê, ³Ê´Â
»ç¸¶¶ó ÇàÁ¤±¸¿ª¿¡¼ ÅäÁö À°Ãµ µ¥»çƼ³ª¿Í ¸» »ï¹é
ÇÊÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¸é ¹«¾ùÀ»?¡±...
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¸Å¿ì È¥¶õ½º·¯¿üÀ¸¸ç ¹«¾ùÀ» »ý°¢Çؾß
ÇÒÁö¸¦ ¸ô¶ú´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ³» ÀÚ³àµéÀÇ ±³À°¿¡ °üÇÑ °èȹÀ»
»ý°¢Çϸé¼, ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù: ¡°¹«¾ù ¶§¹®¿¡?¡±
¶Ç´Â ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ø¿µÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¶§,
³ª´Â °©Àڱ⠽º½º·Î ¹¯´Â´Ù: ¡°±×·¯³ª ±×°Ô ³ª¿¡°Ô ¹«½¼
»ó°üÀÌÁö?¡± ¶Ç´Â ³ªÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô °¡Á®´Ù ÁÙ
¸í¼ºÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§, ½º½º·Î ¹¯°ï ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±×·¡ ÁÁ¾Æ, ³ª´Â
°í°ñ ¶Ç´Â Ǫ½¬Å² ¶Ç´Â ½¦ÀͽºÇÇ¾î ¶Ç´Â ¸ô¸®¿¡¸£ ¶Ç´Â
¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÛ°¡µé º¸´Ù ´õ À¯¸íÇØ Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¡¼
¾î¶»´Ü ¸»Àΰ¡?¡± ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÀüÇô ¾Æ¹«·± ´ë´äÀ» ãÀ»
¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Áú¹®µéÀº ±â´Ù¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍµéÀ̾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°Íµé¿¡ ´äº¯ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é »ç´Â
°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù. |
|
I felt that what I had been standing on
had collapsed and that I had nothing left under my feet. What I had lived
on no longer existed, and there was nothing left. |
³ª´Â ³»°¡ ¼ ÀÖ¾î ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«³ÊÁ® ³»·ÈÀ¸¸ç ³ªÀÇ ¹ß
¹Ø¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼´Ù. ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ¿Â
°ÍÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. |
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