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A Confession

( °í¹é )


by Leo Tolstoy

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III

III

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So I lived, abandoning myself to this insanity for another six years, till my marriage. During that time I went abroad. Life in Europe and my acquaintance with leading and learned Europeans* confirmed me yet more in the faith of striving after perfection in which I believed, for I found the same faith among them. That faith took with me the common form it assumes with the majority of educated people of our day. It was expressed by the word "progress". It then appeared to me that this word meant something. I did not as yet understand that, being tormented (like every vital man) by the question how it is best for me to live, in my answer, "Live in conformity with progress", I was like a man in a boat who when carried along by wind and waves should reply to what for him is the chief and only question, "whither to steer", by saying, "We are being carried somewhere".

±×·¸°Ô ³ª´Â »ì¾Ò´Ù, À°³â µ¿¾È ÀÌ·± Á¤½ÅÀÌ»ó¿¡ ³»¸Ã±â¸é¼­, ³»°¡ °áÈ¥ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö. ±× ½ÃÀý¿¡ ³ª´Â ¿Ü±¹¿¡ °¬´Ù. À¯·´ÀÇ »ýȰ°ú ÁöµµÀûÀÌ¸ç ¹Ú½ÄÇÑ À¯·´Àεé°úÀÇ ¸¸³²Àº ³»°¡ ¹Ï¾ú´ø ¿Ï¼ºÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´õ¿í È®½ÅÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­µµ ¶È°°Àº ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¹ß°ßÇ߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ±× ½Å¾ÓÀº ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±³À° ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃëÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °øÅëÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ» ³ª¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¡°Áøº¸¡±¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§ ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌ ´Ü¾î°¡ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù. (¸¶Ä¡ ¸ðµç »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ó·³) ³»°¡ »ç´Â ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î °íÅë ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, ³ªÀÇ ´ë´äÀº, ¡°Áøº¸¿Í ¹ß¸ÂÃß¾î »ì¶ó¡± ¿´´Ù, ³ª´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ¹è¸¦ ź ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷°ú ÆÄµµ¿¡ ¾µ·Á°¥ ¶§, ±×¿¡°Ô À־ ÁÖµÈ ±×¸®°í À¯ÀÏÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÎ, ¡°¾îµð·Î ³ª¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀΰ¡¡±¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¾îµò°¡·Î ¾µ·Á°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÔÀ¸·Î ´äÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°¾Ò´Ù..

I did not then notice this. Only occasionally -- not by reason but by instinct -- I revolted against this superstition so common in our day, by which people hide from themselves their lack of understanding of life....So, for instance, during my stay in Paris, the sight of an execution revealed to me the instability of my superstitious belief in progress. When I saw the head part from the body and how they thumped separately into the box, I understood, not with my mind but with my whole being, that no theory of the reasonableness of our present progress could justify this deed; and that though everybody from the creation of the world had held it to be necessary, on whatever theory, I knew it to be unnecessary and bad; and therefore the arbiter of what is good and evil is not what people say and do, nor is it progress, but it is my heart and I. Another instance of a realization that the superstitious belief in progress is insufficient as a guide to life, was my brother's death. Wise, good, serious, he fell ill while still a young man, suffered for more than a year, and died painfully, not understanding why he had lived and still less why he had to die. No theories could give me, or him, any reply to these questions during his slow and painful dying. But these were only rare instances of doubt, and I actually continued to live professing a faith only in progress. "Everything evolves and I evolve with it: and why it is that I evolve with all things will be known some day." So I ought to have formulated my faith at that time.

³ª´Â ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ Â÷¸®Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ °¡²û¾¿-À̼º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º»´É¿¡ ÀÇÇØ-¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÈçÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¹Ì½Å¿¡ Çø¿À¸¦ ´À²¼´Ù, ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ú´ÞÀ½ÀÇ °á¿©·Î ±×·± ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀڽŵéÀ» ¼û°å´Ù... ±×·¡¼­, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ³»°¡ ÆÄ¸®¿¡ ¸Ó¹«´Â µ¿¾È, »çÇüÁýÇà Àå¸éÀº Áøº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ ¹Ì½ÅÀûÀÎ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÔÀ» ³ª¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸öÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ó¸® °¡ ¶³¾îÁ®¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µû·Îµû·Î »óÀÚ¿¡ Ãijִ°¡¸¦ ³»°¡ º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ³ªÀÇ ¸¶À½À¸·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ªÀÇ Á¸Àç Àüü·Î, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇöÀçÀÇ Áøº¸ÀÇ À̼º½º·¯¿òÀÇ ¾î¶² À̷еµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ Á¤´çÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¼¼»óÀÇ Ã¢Á¶·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í À¯ÁöµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¹«½¼ À̷лóÀ¸·Î¶óµµ, ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ¾ÇÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¼±ÇÑ °Í°ú ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÚ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸»Çϰųª ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº Áøº¸µµ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ ¸¶À½°ú ³ª¿´´Ù. Áøº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅÀû ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ Àλý ÁöħÀ¸·Î¼­ ºÒÃæºÐÇÔÀ» ±ú´ÞÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹´Â ³ªÀÇ ÇüÀÇ Á×À½À̾ú´Ù. ÁöÇý·Ó°í, ¶Ù¾î³ª¸ç, ÁøÁöÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀþÀºµ¥µµ ±×´Â º´ÀÌ µé¾î¼­ Àϳâ ÀÌ»óÀ» ½Ã´Þ¸®´Ù°¡ °íÅ뽺·´°Ô Á×¾ú´Ù, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿Ö »ì¾Ò´ÂÁö ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇϰí, ´õ¿íÀÌ ¿Ö Á×¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°í¼­. ±×°¡ õõÈ÷ ±×¸®°í °íÅ뽺·´°Ô Á׾´Â µ¿¾È ¾î¶² À̷е鵵 ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Æ´Ï ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÌ Áú¹®µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ÇØ´äÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ÀÇȤ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¹® ¿¹ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â »ç½Ç»ó ¿ÀÁ÷ Áøº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °í¹éÇÏ¸ç °è¼Ó »ì¾Æ °¬´Ù. ¡°¸ðµç °ÍÀº ÁøÈ­ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ªµµ ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ÁøÈ­ÇÑ´Ù: ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ¿Ö ¸ðµç °Í°ú ÇÔ°è ÁøÈ­Çϴ°¡´Â ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡ ³ªÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» Çü¼ºÇß¾î¾ß Çß´Ù.

On returning from abroad I settled in the country and chanced to occupy myself with peasant schools. This work was particularly to my taste because in it I had not to face the falsity which had become obvious to me and stared me in the face when I tried to teach people by literary means. Here also I acted in the name of progress, but I already regarded progress itself critically. I said to myself: "In some of its developments progress has proceeded wrongly, and with primitive peasant children one must deal in a spirit of perfect freedom, letting them choose what path of progress they please." In reality I was ever revolving round one and the same insoluble problem, which was: How to teach without knowing what to teach. In the higher spheres of literary activity I had realized that one could not teach without knowing what, for I saw that people all taught differently, and by quarrelling among themselves only succeeded in hiding their ignorance from one another. But here, with peasant children, I thought to evade this difficulty by letting them learn what they liked. It amuses me now when I remember how I shuffled in trying to satisfy my desire to teach, while in the depth of my soul I knew very well that I could not teach anything needful for I did not know what was needful. After spending a year at school work I went abroad a second time to discover how to teach others while myself knowing nothing.

¿Ü±¹¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÀÚ, ³ª´Â ½Ã°ñ¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿© ³óºÎµéÀÇ Çб³¿¡ Á¾»çÇÒ ±âȸ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏÀº ƯÈ÷ ³ªÀÇ ÃëÇâ¿¡ ¸Â¾Ò´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ ³ª´Â ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô ¸í¹éÇØÁø À§¼±À» Á÷¸éÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹®ÇÐÀûÀÎ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼­ °¡¸£Ä¡°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§ ³ª¸¦ Á÷½ÃÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ¿©±â¼­µµ ³ª´Â Áøº¸ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ÇൿÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Áøº¸ ÀÚü¸¦ ºñÆÇÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â Àڽſ¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡°¹ßÀüÀÇ ¾î¶² ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ Áøº¸´Â À߸ø ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ ³óÃÌ ¾î¸°À̵éÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î ´ëÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±×µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â Áøº¸ÀÇ ±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.¡± »ç½Ç»ó, ³ª´Â ²À °°ÀÌ Ç®Áö ¸øÇÒ ÇѰ¡Áö ¹®Á¦ µÑ·¹¸¦ °è¼Ó µ¹°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº: ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ¾ß ÇÒ Áö¸¦ ¸ð¸£¸é¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡¸£Ä¡´Â°¡ ÀÌ´Ù. ¹®ÇÐÀûÀΠȰµ¿ÀÇ ³ôÀº ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ ³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é °¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ´Ù¸£°Ô °¡¸£ÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ¼­·Î°£¿¡ ½Î¿ì¹Ç·Î ÇØ¼­, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¹«Áö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °¨Ãߴµ¥ ¼º°øÇßÀ» »ÓÀ̶õ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©±â¼­, ³óºÎµéÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô´Â, ³ª´Â ±×µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ìµµ·Ï ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ·± ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ȸÇÇÇÏ·Á°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ±íÀº °÷¿¡¼­´Â, ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö¸¦ ³ª´Â ¸ô¶úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¾î¶² °Íµµ °¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª Àß ¾Ë°í Àִµ¥µµ, ³ªÀÇ °¡¸£Ä¡°í ½ÍÀº ¿å±¸¸¦ ¸¸Á·½Ã۱â À§ÇÏ¿© ³»°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ±³¹¦È÷ ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö¸¦ ±â¾ïÇØ º¸¸é Áö±Ýµµ ¿ì½º¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Çб³ ÀÏ¿¡ ÀϳâÀ» ¼ÒºñÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ³ª´Â µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î ¿Ü±¹¿¡ ³ª°¡¼­ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ð¸£¸é¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô °¡¸£Ä¡´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ º¸·Á°í Çß´Ù.

And it seemed to me that I had learnt this abroad, and in the year of the peasants' emancipation (1861) I returned to Russia armed with all this wisdom, and having become an Arbiter.* I began to teach, both the uneducated peasants in schools and the educated classes through a magazine I published. Things appeared to be going well, but I felt I was not quite sound mentally and that matters could not long continue in that way. And I should perhaps then have come to the state of despair I reached fifteen years later had there not been one side of life still unexplored by me which promised me happiness: that was my marriage.

±×¸®°í ³»°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¿Ü±¹¿¡¼­ ¹è¿ü´Ù´Â ´À³¦ÀÌ µé¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ó¹Î ÇØ¹æÀÇ ÇØ(1861)¿¡ ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÁöÇý·Î ¹«ÀåÇÏ¿© ·¯½Ã¾Æ·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÁßÀçÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â Çб³¿¡¼­´Â ¹è¿ìÁö ¸øÇÑ ³óºÎµéÀ», ³»°¡ ÃâÆÇÇÏ´Â ÀâÁö·Î´Â ¹è¿î °èÃþÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ¸Å»ç°¡ Àß µÇ¾î °¡´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·¸°Ô ¸Å¿ì °ÇÀüÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔÀ» ´À²¼´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î´Â ÀϵéÀÌ ¿À·¡ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇØÁÖ´Â, ³ª¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ޱ¸ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀλýÀÇ ÇÑ Ãø¸éÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×¶§ ³»°¡ ½Ê¿À³â µÚ¿¡ ºÀÂøÇÑ Àý¸ÁÀÇ »óÅ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß¾î¾ß Çß´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ³ªÀÇ °áÈ¥À̾ú´Ù.

For a year I busied myself with arbitration work, the schools, and the magazine; and I became so worn out-as a result especially of my mental confusion-and so hard was my struggle as Arbiter, so obscure the results of my activity in the schools, so repulsive my shuffling in the magazine (which always amounted to one and the same thing: a desire to teach everybody and to hide the fact that I did not know what to teach), that I fell ill, mentally rather than physically, threw up everything, and went away to the Bashkirs in the steppes, to breathe fresh air, drink kumys,* and live a merely animal life.

Àϳ⠵¿¾È ³ª´Â Çб³µé, ±×¸®°í ÀâÁö »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Á¶Á¤ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»¦´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³Ê¹« ÁöÃļ­-³ªÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû È¥¶õÀÇ °á°ú·Î-±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ Á¶Á¤Àڷμ­ÀÇ ³Ê¹« Èûµç ³ë·Â ¶§¹®¿¡, Çб³µé¿¡¼­ ³ªÀÇ È°µ¿ÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ³Ê¹« ºÒÅõ¸íÇØ¼­, ÀâÁö¿¡¼­ ³ªÀÇ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸Þ½º²¨¿ö¼­(À̰ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¶È°°Àº ÇѰ¡Áö·Î µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥: ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡¸é¼­µµ, ³»°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¼û±â·Á ÇÏ´Â ¿å±¸¿´´Ù), ³ª´Â º´ÀÌ µé¾úÀ¸¸ç, À°Ã¼ÀûÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î, ½Å¼±ÇÑ °ø±â¸¦ ¸¶½Ã°í Äí¹Ì¸¦ ¸¶½Ã·Á°í ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ´øÁ® ¹ö¸®°í, ±¤È°ÇÑ ÃÊ¿øÀÇ ¹Ù½ºÅ°¸£¿¡ °¬´Ù ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ µ¿¹°ÀûÀÎ »ýȰÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Returning from there I married. The new conditions of happy family life completely diverted me from all search for the general meaning of life. My whole life was centered at that time in my family, wife and children, and therefore in care to increase our means of livelihood. My striving after self-perfection, for which I had already substituted a striving for perfection in general, i.e. progress, was now again replaced by the effort simply to secure the best possible conditions for myself and my family.

±×°÷¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Í ³ª´Â °áÈ¥À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇູÇÑ °¡Á· »ýȰÀÇ »õ·Î¿î »óȲÀÌ »îÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ÀǹÌÀÇ Å½±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ µ¹·Á ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ³ªÀÇ Àüü ÀλýÀº ±× ´ç½Ã ³ªÀÇ °¡Á·, ¾Æ³» ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÀ̵鿡 ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ý°è¼ö´ÜÀ» ´Ã¸®´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾú´Ù. ³ªÀÇ Àڱ⠿ϼºÀ» À§ÇÑ Ãß±¸´Â, ±×¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ÀϹÝÀû ¿Ï¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ Ãß±¸·Î ´ëüÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, Áøº¸, ³ª ÀڽŰú ³ªÀÇ °¡Á·ÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ»óÀÇ È¯°æÀ» È®º¸ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ù½Ã ´ëüµÇ¾ú´Ù.

So another fifteen years passed.

±×·¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã ½Ê¿À ³âÀÌ Èê·¶´Ù.

In spite of the fact that I now regarded authorship as of no importance-the temptation of immense monetary rewards and applause for my insignificant work-and I devoted myself to it as a means of improving my material position and of stifling in my soul all questions as to the meaning of my own life or life in general.

ÀúÀÛ¾÷À» ÀÌÁ¦ Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¿©±â°í ÀÖ´Â »ç½Ç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí-³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇÏÂúÀº ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾öû³­ ±ÝÀüÀû º¸¼ö¿Í Âù»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯È¤¶§¹®¿¡-³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀû À§Ä¡¸¦ °³¼±ÇÏ¸ç ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡¼­ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀλýÀ̳ª º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç Áú¹®À» ¾ï´©¸£´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼­ ±× ÀÏ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.

I wrote: teaching what was for me the only truth, namely, that one should live so as to have the best for oneself and one's family.

³ª´Â ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´´Ù: ³ª¿¡°Ô À־ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Áø½ÇÀÎ °ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â °Í, Áï ÀڽŰú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·À» À§ÇÏ¿© ÃÖ»óÀÇ °ÍÀ» °®±â À§ÇÏ¿© »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

So I lived; but five years ago something very strange began to happen to me. At first I experienced moments of perplexity and arrest of life, and though I did not know what to do or how to live; and I felt lost and became dejected. But this passed and I went on living as before. Then these moments of perplexity began to recur oftener and oftener, and always in the same form. They were always expressed by the questions: What is it for? What does it lead to?

±×·¸°Ô »ì¾Ò´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿À³â Àü¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÀÌ»óÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀϾ´Ù. óÀ½¿¡ ³ª´Â »î¿¡ À־ ¼ø°£ÀûÀÎ ´çȤ°¨°ú Á¤Áö¸¦ °æÇèÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÒÁö ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÒÁö ¸ô¶ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¾îÂîÇÒ ÁÙÀ» ¸ð¸£°í Ç®ÀÌ Á×¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ Áö³ª°¡°í ³ª´Â ÀÌÀüó·³ »ì¾Æ °¬´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ·± ´çȤÇÑ ¼ø°£µéÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ÀÚÁÖ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¶È°°Àº ¸ð¾çÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª: ¹«¾ù ¶§¹®Àΰ¡? ±×°Ô ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌÁö? µîÀÇ Áú¹®À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù.

At first it seemed to me that these were aimless and irrelevant questions. I thought that it was all well known, and that if I should ever wish to deal with the solution it would not cost me much effort; just at present I had no time for it, but when I wanted to I should be able to find the answer. The questions however began to repeat themselves frequently, and to demand replies more and more insistently; and like drops of ink always falling on one place they ran together into one black blot.

óÀ½¿¡´Â ³»°Ô´Â À̰͵éÀÌ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ¿¬°üÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦µé·Î ¿©°Ü Á³¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀ¸·Î ³»°¡ ÇØ´äÀ» ã°íÀÚ ¿øÇϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, Áö±Ý ´çÀåÀº ³ª´Â ±×·² ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ¿øÇÒ ¶§ ³ª´Â Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ´äÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¹®Á¦µéÀº ±× ÀÚü°¡ ÀÚÁÖ ¹Ýº¹ÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, Á¡Á¡ ´õ Áý¿äÇÏ°Ô ´ë´äµéÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¸¶Ä¡ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇÑ °÷¿¡ ¶³¾îÁö´Â À×Å© ¹æ¿ïó·³ ±×°ÍµéÀº ÇÔ²² Èê·¯¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ °ËÀº ¾ó·èÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Then occurred what happens to everyone sickening with a mortal internal disease. At first trivial signs of indisposition appear to which the sick man pays no attention; then these signs reappear more and more often and merge into one uninterrupted period of suffering. The suffering increases, and before the sick man can look round, what he took for a mere indisposition has already become more important to him than anything else in the world -- it is death!

±×¶§ Á×À½¿¡ À̸£´Â ¼Óº´¿¡ °É·Á ¾ÆÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ¸é ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. º´ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ¹«·± °ü½ÉÀ» µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¼ÒÇÑ ºÒÄèÇÑ Áõ»óÀÌ Ã³À½¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ À̵é Áõ»óÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀÚÁÖ ³ªÅ¸³ª¼­ °íÅëÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ²÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã±â·Î ÇÕÇØÁø´Ù. °íÅëÀº Áõ°¡µÇ°í, ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æ º¸±â Àü¿¡, ±×°¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ºÒÄèÇÔÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù-±×°ÍÀº Á×À½ÀÌ´Ù!

That is what happened to me. I understood that it was no casual indisposition but something very important, and that if these questions constantly repeated themselves they would have to be answered. And I tried to answer them. The questions seemed such stupid, simple, childish ones; but as soon as I touched them and tried to solve them I at once became convinced, first, that they are not childish and stupid but the most important and profound of life's questions; and secondly that, occupying myself with my Samara estate, the education of my son, or the writing of a book, I had to know why I was doing it. As long as I did not know why, I could do nothing and could not live. Amid the thoughts of estate management which greatly occupied me at that time, the question would suddenly occur: "Well, you will have 6,000 desyatinas* of land in Samara Government and 300 horses, and what then?" ... And I was quite disconcerted and did not know what to think. Or when considering plans for the education of my children, I would say to myself: "What for?" Or when considering how the peasants might become prosperous, I would suddenly say to myself: "But what does it matter to me?" Or when thinking of the fame my works would bring me, I would say to myself, "Very well; you will be more famous than Gogol or Pushkin or Shakespeare or Moliere, or than all the writers in the world-and what of it?" And I could find no reply at all. The questions would not wait, they had to be answered at once, and if I did not answer them it was impossible to live. But there was no answer.

±×°ÍÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ °áÄÚ ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ºÒÄè°¨ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ¹«¾ùÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌµé ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ¹Ýº¹µÈ´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇØ´äÀÌ ³ª¿Í¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°Íµé¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× Áú¹®µéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ¿ìµÐÇϰí, ´Ü¼øÇϸç, ¾î¸®¼®¾î º¸¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ±×°Íµé¿¡ ¼ÕÀ» ´ë¾î Ç®¾î º¸·Á°í ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ³ª´Â ´çÀå, ù¹øÂ°·Î, ¸ÕÀú ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾î¸®¼®°í ¿ìµÐÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ À־ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ°í ½É¿ÀÇϸç; ±×¸®°í µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î, ³»°¡ ³ªÀÇ »ç¸¶¶óÀÇ ÀúÅÃ, ÀÚ½Ä ±³À°, ¶Ç´Â Ã¥ÀÇ ÁýÇÊ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇϰí ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³ª´Â ¿Ö ³»°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Çϰí Àִ°¡¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³»°¡ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â ÇÑ, ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç »ì ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´ç½Ã¿¡ ¾öû³ª°Ô ³ª¸¦ ºÙµé°í ÀÖ´ø ÀúÅà ¿î¿µÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °¡¿îµ¥¼­, ¹®Á¦°¡ °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³ª°ï Çß´Ù: ¡°±Û½ê, ³Ê´Â »ç¸¶¶ó ÇàÁ¤±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ ÅäÁö À°Ãµ µ¥»çƼ³ª¿Í ¸» »ï¹é ÇÊÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¸é ¹«¾ùÀ»?¡±... ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¸Å¿ì È¥¶õ½º·¯¿üÀ¸¸ç ¹«¾ùÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦ ¸ô¶ú´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ³» ÀÚ³àµéÀÇ ±³À°¿¡ °üÇÑ °èȹÀ» »ý°¢Çϸ鼭, ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù: ¡°¹«¾ù ¶§¹®¿¡?¡± ¶Ç´Â ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ø¿µÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¶§, ³ª´Â °©Àڱ⠽º½º·Î ¹¯´Â´Ù: ¡°±×·¯³ª ±×°Ô ³ª¿¡°Ô ¹«½¼ »ó°üÀÌÁö?¡± ¶Ç´Â ³ªÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô °¡Á®´Ù ÁÙ ¸í¼ºÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§, ½º½º·Î ¹¯°ï ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±×·¡ ÁÁ¾Æ, ³ª´Â °í°ñ ¶Ç´Â Ǫ½¬Å² ¶Ç´Â ½¦ÀͽºÇÇ¾î ¶Ç´Â ¸ô¸®¿¡¸£ ¶Ç´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÛ°¡µé º¸´Ù ´õ À¯¸íÇØ Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¡¼­ ¾î¶»´Ü ¸»Àΰ¡?¡± ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÀüÇô ¾Æ¹«·± ´ë´äÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Áú¹®µéÀº ±â´Ù¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍµéÀ̾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°Íµé¿¡ ´äº¯ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é »ç´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù.

I felt that what I had been standing on had collapsed and that I had nothing left under my feet. What I had lived on no longer existed, and there was nothing left.

³ª´Â ³»°¡ ¼­ ÀÖ¾î ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«³ÊÁ® ³»·ÈÀ¸¸ç ³ªÀÇ ¹ß ¹Ø¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼´Ù. ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ¿Â °ÍÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

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