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±¸¾à ¼º¼ (ÏÁå³á¡ßö)
(Old Testament)
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Psalms |
½ÃÆí
(ãÌø¹)
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Introduction |
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Psalms,
book of the Old Testament composed of sacred songs, or of sacred poems meant to
be sung. In the Hebrew Bible, Psalms begins the third and last section of
the biblical canon, known as the Writings (Hebrew Ketuvim). |
½ÃÆí,
°Å·èÇÑ ³ë·¡µé ¶Ç´Â ³ë·¡Çϵµ·Ï Áö¾îÁø °Å·èÇÑ ½Ãµé·Î
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â [±¸¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ ÇÑ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.
È÷ºê¸®¾î ¼º¼¿¡¼
[½ÃÆí]Àº ¼º¹®¼(È÷ºê¸®¾î·Î´Â
Ketuvim)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¼º¼ Á¤°æÀÇ 3¹øÂ°ÀÌÀÚ ¸¶Áö¸· ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. |
In the original Hebrew text the book as a whole
was not named, although the titles of many individual psalms contained the word mizmor,
meaning a poem sung to the accompaniment of a stringed instrument. The Greek
translation of this term, psalmos, is the basis for the collective title Psalmoi
found in most manuscripts, from which the English name Psalms is derived.
A variant translation found in a 5th-century manuscript of the Septuagint is Psalterion,
whence the English name Psalter, which is often used as an alternative
name for the Book of Psalms or for a separate collection of psalms intended for
liturgical use. Rabbinic literature uses the title Tehillim ("Songs
of Praise"), a curious hybrid of a feminine noun and a masculine plural
ending. |
È÷ºê¸®¾î ¿ø¹®¿¡¼ [½ÃÆí]Àº ¸¹Àº ½ÃµéÀÇ Ç¥Á¦¿¡
Çö¾Ç±âÀÇ ¹ÝÁÖ¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â ½Ã¶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ ¿ë¾î '¹ÌÁî¸ð¸£'(mizmor)°¡
Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¸íĪÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. '¹ÌÁî¸ð¸£'´Â
±×¸®½º¾î·Î 'ÇÁ»ì¸ð½º'(Psalmos)À̸ç,
À̰ÍÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
»çº»¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ ÁýÇÕÀû ¸íĪÀÎ 'ÇÁ»ì¸ðÀÌ'(Psalmoi)ÀÇ
±Ù°Å°¡ µÇ°í,
¿µ¾î ¸íĪÀÎ '½ÃÆí'(Psalms)ÀÌ ¿©±â¼
À¯·¡ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 5¼¼±â 70ÀοªÀÇ »çº»¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ ÀÌ
¿ë¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ 'ÇÁ»ìÅ׸®¿Â'(Psaltérion)Àε¥,
½ÃÆíÀÇ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¸íĪÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°Å³ª ¿¹¹è ¶§ »ç¿ëÇϱâ
À§ÇØ µû·Î ¸ðÀº ½Ã¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ¸íĪÀ¸·Îµµ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ¾î ¸íĪ
'¼ÖÅÍ'(Psalter)°¡ ¿©±â¼ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.
¶øºñ ¹®Çå¿¡¼´Â 'Å×Èú¸²'(Tehillim£ºÂù¾çÀÇ
³ë·¡)À̶ó´Â ¸íĪÀÌ ³ª¿À´Âµ¥,
À̰ÍÀº ¿©¼º¸í»ç¿Í ³²¼ºÇü
º¹¼ö¾î¹Ì°¡ È¥ÇÕµÈ È¥Á¾¾î(ûèðúåÞ)ÀÌ´Ù. |
In its present form, the book of Psalms consists
of 150 poems divided into five books (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), the
first four of which are marked off by concluding doxologies. Psalm 150 serves as
a doxology for the entire collection. This specific numbering follows the Hebrew
Bible; slight variations, such as conjoined or subdivided psalms, occur in other
versions. The fivefold division is perhaps meant to be an imitation of the Pentateuch
(the first five books of the Old Testament), suggesting that the book reached
its present form through liturgical use. |
150ÆíÀÇ ½Ã(ãÌ)·Î
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø Áö±ÝÀÇ [½ÃÆí]Àº
5±Ç(1~41, 42~72, 73~89, 90~106,
107~150)À¸·Î ³ª´µ´Âµ¥,
À̵é Áß Ã³À½ 4±ÇÀº ¼Û¿µÀ¸·Î
³¡³ª´Â °ÍÀÌ Æ¯Â¡À̰í 150ÆíÀº ½ÃÆí ÀüüÀÇ ¼Û¿µ ¿ªÇÒÀ»
ÇÑ´Ù.
½ÃÆíÀÇ Æí¼ö¸¦ ¸Å±â´Â °ÍÀº È÷ºê¸®¾î ¼º¼¸¦ µû¸¥
°ÍÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¿ªº»µé¿¡´Â ½ÃµéÀ» ÅëÇÕÇϰųª ¼¼ºÐÇÏ¿©
¾à°£ÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. [½ÃÆí]À»
5±ÇÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ
°ÍÀº ¸ð¼¼5¼([±¸¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ Ã³À½
5±Ç)¸¦ µû¸£°íÀÚ ÇÑ
µíÇϸç,
¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÌ ¿¹¹è ¶§ »ç¿ëµÊÀ¸·Î½á ÇöÀçÀÇ
ÇüÅ¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. |
The psalms themselves range in mood and
expression of faith from joyous celebration to solemn hymn and bitter protest.
They are sometimes classified according to form or type; the major forms include
the hymn (e.g., 104, 135), the lament (e.g., 13, 80), the
song of confidence (e.g., 46, 121), and the song of thanksgiving (e.g.,
9, 136). They may also be classified according to subject matter. Thus a number
of psalms have been called "royal" psalms (2, 18, 20, 21, 28, 44, 45,
61, 63, 72, 89, 101, 110, 132) because they feature the king, portraying him as
both the representative of Yahweh to the community and the representative
of the community to Yahweh. Psalms are also classified according to their use;
the "Zion" hymns (46, 48, 76, 84, 87, 122), for example, were part of
a ritual reenactment of the great deeds of Yahweh in maintaining Zion as the
inviolable centre of his divine presence. |
½Ã ÀÚü´Â ºÐÀ§±â¿Í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Ç¥Çö¿¡ µû¶ó ±â»ÝÀÇ
Âù¾ç¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ¾ö¼÷ÇÑ Âù¼Û,
ºñÅëÇÑ Ç×ÀÇ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö
´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. [½ÃÆí]
½ÃµéÀº ¶§·Î´Â ¾ç½Ä ¶Ç´Â À¯Çü¿¡
µû¶ó ºÐ·ùÇϴµ¥,
±× ÁÖ¿ä¾ç½ÄÀ¸·Î Âù¼Û½Ã(104¡¤135),
ź½Ä½Ã(13¡¤80),
½Å·Ú½Ã(46¡¤121),
°¨»ç½Ã(9¡¤136)
µîÀ¸·Î ³ª´
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÃÆí ½ÃµéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ·ùÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ¸¹Àº ½Ã¸¦ Á¦¿Õ½Ã(2¡¤18¡¤20¡¤21¡¤28¡¤44¡¤45¡¤61¡¤63¡¤72¡¤89¡¤101¡¤110¡¤132)¶ó°í
ºÒ·¯¿Ô´Âµ¥,
ÀÌ ½ÃµéÀº ¿ÕÀ» ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â ¾ßÈÑÀÇ
´ë¸®ÀÎÀ¸·Î ¾ßÈÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥·Î ¹¦»çÇß´Ù. [½ÃÆí]
½ÃµéÀº ¿ëµµ¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ·ùÇϱ⵵ Çϴµ¥,
°¡·É '½Ã¿Â'
Âù¼Ûµé(46¡¤48¡¤76¡¤84¡¤87¡¤122)Àº ½Ã¿ÂÀ» ¾ßÈѰ¡ °ÅÇÏ´Â
ħ¹üÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ Ã³¼Ò·Î ¿ËÈ£ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ ¾ßÈÑÀÇ
À§¾÷À» À翬ÇÏ´Â Á¦ÀÇÀÇ ÀϺο´´Ù°í º»´Ù. |
The dating of individual psalms poses an
extremely difficult problem, as does the question of their authorship. They were
evidently written over a number of centuries, from the early monarchy to
post-Exilic times, reflecting the varying stages of Israel's history and
the varying moods of Israel's faith. They were an integral part of the
ritualized activities that the Hebrew community developed for marking important
public and personal situations. Although many of the psalms had their setting in
the ritual life of the Temple of Solomon before the Babylonian Exile (6th
century BC), the Psalter became the hymnbook of the Second Temple of Jerusalem,
and the order of worship in the Temple probably played an important role in
shaping and ordering the book.
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The psalms also had a profound effect on the
development of Christian worship. Luke believed the psalms to be a source of
guidance. Obeying Paul's call to "sing psalms and hymns and spiritual
songs," the early Church chanted or sang psalms as part of the liturgy.
After the Reformation, psalms were set to traditional melodies for
congregational singing. |
[½ÃÆí]Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¿¹¹èÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ Áß´ëÇÑ
¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù.
·ç°¡´Â [½ÃÆí]ÀÌ ÀλýÀ» ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ±æ·Î
ÀεµÇØÁÖ´Â ±æÀâÀÌÀÇ ¿øÃµÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.
Ãʴ뱳ȸ´Â
»çµµ ¹Ù¿ï·ÎÀÇ "½Ã¿Í Âù¹Ì¿Í ½Å·ÉÇÑ ³ë·¡¸¦ ºÎ¸£¶ó"´Â
¸í·É¿¡ µû¶ó ¿¹¹èÀǽÄÀÇ ÀϺηΠ½ÃµéÀ» ³ë·¡Çß´Ù.
Á¾±³°³Çõ ÀÌÈÄ ¿¹¹è ¶§ Âù¼ÛÀ» ºÎ¸£±â À§ÇØ ÀüÅë°îÁ¶¿¡ [½ÃÆí]À» °¡»ç·Î ½è´Ù. |
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Outline
of Contents |
°³¿ä |
Psalms
1-41 |
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Psalms
42-72 |
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Psalms
73-89 |
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Psalms
90-106 |
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Psalms
107-150 |
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