Ezekiel, The Book of,
also called THE PROPHECY of EZECHIEL, one of the major prophetical books of the
Old Testament. According to dates given in the text, Ezekiel received his
prophetic call in the fifth year of the first deportation to Babylonia (592 BC)
and was active until about 570 BC. Most of this time was spent in exile. |
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The literary history of the book is much
debated, but its final form exhibits a threefold theme: threats against Judah
and Jerusalem (chapters 1-25), threats against foreign nations (chapters 25-32),
and prophecies of restoration and hope (chapters 33-44). Dates supplied
throughout the book indicate that this arrangement of materials roughly
corresponds to the chronological development of Ezekiel's ministry (although the
arrangement also suggests a threefold eschatological [end of the world] theme
that has led some scholars to question the traditional dates). The threats
against Judah and Jerusalem belong to the period from Ezekiel's call (593 BC) to
the fall of Jerusalem (586 BC); the threats against the foreign nations belong
to the period immediately after the fall (586-585 BC); and the prophecies of
restoration belong to the period thereafter. Most of the material is undoubtedly
genuine, although a few later additions are discernible.
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The book is valuable for understanding the life
of the exiles of Babylon. Having been cut off from Jerusalem and its Temple
where alone Yahweh dwelled and could be worshipped, the deportees were faced
with a crisis of faith and practice. Ezekiel attempted to sustain his fellow
exiles by striving to keep alive their traditional religious beliefs and by
fostering a spirit of unity with one another. His prophecies did much to dispel
the notion that Yahweh dwelled exclusively in Jerusalem; he emphasized the
importance of individual responsibility, and he urged that the sabbath be kept
holy by cessation from work--for the holiness of the day was a special sign of
Yahweh's relationship with his people. By being faithful, the exiles were
promised that Israel would be restored. |
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