Amos, Book of,
the third of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets,
collected in one book under the Jewish canon titled The Twelve. Amos, a Judaean
prophet from the village of Tekoa, was active in the northern kingdom of Israel
during the reign of Jeroboam II (c. 786-746 BC). According to 7:14, Amos
was neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet; i.e., he was not a member
of a professional prophetic guild. His only credential to prophesy to Israel was
a summons by Yahweh. |
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The book is a collection of individual sayings
and reports of visions. Whether Amos himself committed any of his sayings to
writing is not certain; his words may have been recorded by a scribe from Amos'
dictation or by a later writer who knew the sayings from oral tradition. The
present arrangement of the sayings reflects the activity of someone other than
the prophet. |
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Amos' message is primarily one of doom. Although
Israel's neighbours do not escape his attention, his threats are directed
primarily against Israel, which, he contends, has defected from the worship of
Yahweh to the worship of Canaanite gods. This belief prompts his polemic against
the feasts and solemn assemblies observed by Israel. He also pronounces judgment
on the rich for self-indulgence and oppression of the poor, on those who pervert
justice, and on those who desire the day of Yahweh on which God will reveal his
power, punish the wicked, and renew the righteous. That day, Amos warned, will
be a day of darkness for Israel because of its defection from Yahweh.
|
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