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(Old Testament)
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Books
of Samuel |
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Introduction |
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Samuel, books of,
two Old Testament books that, along with Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, and 1 and
2 Kings, belong to the tradition of Deuteronomic history first committed
to writing about 550 BC, during the Babylonian Exile. The two books, which were
originally one, are principally concerned with the origin and early history of
the monarchy of ancient Israel. The work bears the name of Samuel
apparently because he is the first of its principal figures and was instrumental
in the selection of the first two kings. In 1 Samuel, Samuel is treated as
prophet and judge and Israel's principal figure immediately before the monarchy,
and Saul as king. In 2 Samuel, David is presented as king. |
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There are numerous parallels, repetitions, and
discrepancies within the books of Samuel. Different accounts are given of the
origin of the monarchy (1 Samuel 9:1-10:16 and 1 Samuel 8; 10:17-27); there are
two accounts of the rejection of Saul as king (1 Samuel 13:8-14 and 1 Samuel
15:10-31) and two more of David's introduction to Saul (1 Samuel 16 and 1 Samuel
17). One account of the slaying of Goliath attributes the act to David (1 Samuel
17) and the other to Elhanan (2 Samuel 21:19). Some scholars assume that the
books of Samuel were composed from two or three continuous sources; others
suggest a compilation of independent narratives of varying lengths. The latter
view has gained the wider acceptance. The longest independent narrative, an
excellent example of historical writing, is the "court history of
David" (2 Samuel 9-20; 1 Kings 1-2). The several independent narratives and
fragments were presumably collected by the Deuteronomic historian and joined
together in the production of his work (Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2
Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings). The author exercised considerable care in his use of
traditional material, for everything is made to serve in an overall theological
perspective. The conflicting accounts of the origin of the monarchy, reflecting
pro- and anti-monarchical attitudes, are intentionally held in tension as a
backdrop for the divine promise to the house of David in 2 Samuel 7,
guaranteeing its permanence and warning that the iniquity of any reigning king
will bring the punishment of Yahweh. The rest of the history is shaped to
illustrate the validity of these claims. |
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The promise in 2 Samuel 7 that divine favour
will rest permanently on the Davidic dynasty is crucial for understanding the
writer's theological motivation for producing his history in the exilic period.
He hoped for a restoration of his people and was convinced that one of the
conditions for such a restoration was to recognize the divine legitimation of
the house of David. He was also convinced that the kings of a restored Davidic
monarchy would prosper in proportion to the degree of their faithfulness to the
Law of Moses.
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Outline
of Contents |
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°³¿ä |
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The
First Book of Samuel |
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»ç¹«¿¤ »ó |
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Samuel
as judge of Israel
1.1-7.17 |
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À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÆÇ°üÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ »ç¹«¿¤ |
Saul
becomes king
8.1-10.27 |
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»ç¿ïÀÌ ¿ÕÀ̵Ǵ٠|
The
first years of Saul's reign
11.1-15.35 |
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»ç¿ïÀÇ Áý±Ç Ãʱâ |
David
and Saul
16.1-30.31 |
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´ÙÀ°ú »ç¿ï |
The
death of Saul and his sons
31.1-13 |
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»ç¿ï°ú ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆµéµéÀÇ Á×À½ |
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The
Second Book of Samuel |
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»ç¹«¿¤ ÇÏ |
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David's
reign over Judah
11.1-4.12
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´ÙÀÀÇ À¯´Ù ÅëÄ¡ |
David's
reign over all Israel
5.1-24.25 |
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´ÙÀÀÇ Àü À̽º¶ó¿¤ ÅëÄ¡ |
a.
The early years
5.1-10.19 |
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Áý±Ç
ÃʱâÀÇ ±â°£µé |
b.
David and Bathsheba
11.1-12.25 |
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´ÙÀ°ú
¹å¼¼¹Ù |
c.
Troubles and difficulties
12.26-20.26 |
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È¥¶õ°ú
³Á¦µé |
d.
The later years
21.1-24.25 |
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Áý±Ç
¸»±âÀÇ ±â°£µé |
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