Books
of Maccabees |
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Introduction |
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Maccabees, The Books of the,
Maccabees also spelled MACHABEES, four books, none of which is in the Hebrew
Bible but all of which appear in some manuscripts of the Septuagint. The
first two books only are part of canonical scripture in the Septuagint and
the Vulgate (hence are canonical to Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy)
and are included in the Protestant Apocrypha. |
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The First Book of the Maccabees.
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I Maccabees presents a historical account of
political, military, and diplomatic events from the time of Judaea's
relationship with Antiochus IV Epiphanes of Syria (reigned 175-164/163 BC) to
the death (135/134 BC) of Simon Maccabeus, high priest in Jerusalem. It
describes the refusal of Mattathias to perform pagan religious rites, the
ensuing Jewish revolt against Syrian hegemony, the political machinations
whereby Demetrius II of Syria granted Judaea its independence, and the election
of Simon as both high priest and secular ruler of the Judaean Jews. I Maccabees
is the only contemporary source for the civil wars in Judaea, and the only
surviving one for Judaean-Syrian relations after the reign of Antiochus IV. The
historical integrity of the book, which was compiled from official written
sources, oral tradition, and eyewitness reporting, is attested to by the absence
of almost all of the conventions of the Hellenistic rhetorical school of
historiography and by its uncritical use by the later Jewish historian Josephus.
The author of I Maccabees, likely the Hasmonean court historian, wrote his
history during the high priesthood (135/134-104 BC) of John Hyrcanus I, son and
successor of Simon.
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Outline
of Contents |
°³¿ä |
¸¶Ä«º£¿À1¼(1 Maccabees)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
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Persecution
and the revolt of Mattathias
1.1-2.70 |
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¸¶µûµð¾ÆÀÇ ¹ÚÇØ¿Í ¹Ý¶õ |
The
leadership of Judas Maccabeus
3.1-9.22 |
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À¯´Ù½º ¸¶Ä«º£¿ÀÀÇ Áöµµ·Â |
The
leadership of Jonathan
9.23-12.53 |
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Á¶³ª´ÜÀÇ Áöµµ·Â |
The
leadership of Simon
13.1-16.24 |
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½Ã¸óÀÇ Áöµµ·Â |
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The
Second Book of the Maccabees. |
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II Maccabees focuses on the
Jews' revolt against Antiochus and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian
general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work. In
general, its chronology coheres with that of I Maccabees. An unknown editor,
the "Epitomist," used the factual notes of a historian, Jason of
Cyrene, to write this historical polemic. Its vocabulary and style indicate
a Greek original. |
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Outline
of Contents |
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¸¶Ä«º£¿À2¼(2 Maccabees)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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Letters
to the Jews of Egypt and Preface
1.1-2.32 |
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ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ À¯´ëÀε鿡 ´ëÇÑ ÆíÁöµé°ú ¸Ó¸®¸» |
Struggle
for the high priesthood
3.1-4.50 |
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´ë Á¦»çÀåÁ÷À» ÇâÇÑ ÅõÀï |
Antiochus
Epiphanes and the persecution of the Jews
5.1-7.42 |
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¾ÈƼ¿ÀÄÚ½º ¿¡ÇÇÆÄ³×½º¿Í À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ¹ÚÇØ |
The
victories of Judas
8.1-15.39 |
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À¯´Ù½ºÀÇ ½Â¸®µé |
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The
Third Book of the Maccabees. |
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III Maccabees has no relation to the other three
books of Maccabees, all of which deal with the revolt of Judaea against
Antiochus IV Epiphanes. It purports to be a historical account of the repression
and miraculous salvation of Egyptian Jewry during the reign (221-205 BC) of
Ptolemy IV Philopator. Ptolemy supposedly threatened the Jews with loss of
citizenship after Palestinian Jews refused to permit him to enter the sanctuary
of the Temple of Jerusalem. He relented after angels intervened on behalf of the
Jews.
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¸¶Ä«º£¿À3¼(3 Maccabees)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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The Fourth Book of the Maccabees.
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IV Maccabees has scanty historical information
and belongs to the Maccabees series only because it deals with the beginning of
the persecution of Jews by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. It possibly was written
during the reign of the emperor Caligula (AD 37-41). Throughout the early
Christian period, IV Maccabees was wrongly attributed to the 1st-century-AD
Jewish historian Josephus. The work's main religious theme is that the martyr's
sufferings vicariouly expiated the sins of the entire Jewish people.
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The Maccabees books were
preserved only by the Christian church. Augustine wrote in The City of God
that they were preserved for their accounts of the martyrs. This suggests
that in antiquity, IV Maccabees, dealing almost exclusively with martyrdom,
may have been the most highly regarded. |
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City of God¡µ¿¡¼ ÀÌ Ã¥µéÀÌ º¸Á¸µÇ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â
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¸¶Ä«º£¿À4¼(4 Maccabees)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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