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Jew
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À¯´ëÀÎ
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| Jew,
Hebrew YEHUDHI, or YEHUDI, any person whose religion is
Judaism.
In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the
worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, a
continuation of the ancient Jewish people, who were themselves descendants
of the Hebrews of the Old Testament. In ancient times, a Yehudhi
was originally a member of Judah--i.e.,
either of the tribe of Judah (one of the 12 tribes that took possession of
the Promised Land) or of the subsequent Kingdom of Judah (in contrast to the
rival Kingdom of Israel to the north). The Jewish people as a whole,
initially called Hebrews ('Ivrim), were known as Israelites
(Yisre`elim) from the time of their entrance into the Holy Land to the end
of the Babylonian Exile (538 BC). Thereafter, the term Yehudhi
(Latin: Judaeus; French: Juif; German: Jude; and English: Jew) was used to
signify all adherents of Judaism, because the survivors of the Exile (former
inhabitants of the Kingdom of Judah) were the only Israelites who had
retained their distinctive identity. (The 10 tribes of the northern kingdom
of Israel had been dispersed after the Assyrian conquest of 721 BC and were
gradually assimilated by other peoples). The term Jew
is thus derived through the Latin Judaeus
and the Greek Ioudaios from the
Hebrew Yehudhi. The latter term is
an adjective occurring only in the later parts of the Old Testament and
signifying a descendant of Yehudhah (Judah), the fourth son of Jacob, whose
tribe, together with that of his half brother Benjamin, constituted the
Kingdom of Judah. |
À¯´ëÀÎ, È÷ºê¸®¾î·Î´Â YehudiÀ̸ç,
À¯´ë±³¸¦ ½ÅºÀÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.´õ ³ÐÀº Àǹ̿¡¼
À¯´ëÀÎÀº Ç÷¿¬À̳ª °³Á¾¿¡ ÀÇÇØ [±¸¾à¼º¼]¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â
È÷ºê¸®ÀεéÀÇ ÈļÕÀÎ °í´ë À¯´ë ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ µÈ »ç¶÷À»
°¡¸®Å²´Ù. °í´ë¿¡ À¯´ëÀÎÀº ¿ø·¡ À¯´Ù, Áï À¯´Ù ÁöÆÄ(¾à¼ÓÀÇ
¶¥À» Á¡·ÉÇÑ 12ÁöÆÄ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª) ȤÀº À¯´Ù ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ(ºÏÀ̽º¶ó¿¤
¿Õ±¹°ú ´ëºñµÇ´Â) ±¸¼º¿øÀ» ÀǹÌÇß´Ù. ¾ÖÃÊ¿¡ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎ(Ivrim)À̶ó°í
ºÒ¸° Àüü À¯´ë ¹ÎÁ·Àº ±×µéÀÌ °¡³ª¾È ¶¥¿¡ µé¾î°£
¶§ºÎÅÍ ¹Ùºô·Ð À¯¼ö°¡ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö(BC 538) À̽º¶ó¿¤
»ç¶÷µé(Yisreelim)·Î ºÒ·È´Ù. ±×ÈÄ À¯´ë±³ ½ÅºÀÀÚµéÀ»
°¡¸®Å°´Â ¸»·Î ¿¹Èĵð¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î(¶óƾ¾î Judaeus, °í´ë
ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Gyu, Çö´ë ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Juif, µ¶ÀϾî Jude, ¿µ¾î Jew)°¡
»ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, À¯¼ö ÀÌÈÄÀÇ »ýÁ¸ÀÚµé(°ú°Å À¯´Ù ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ
Áֹεé)¸¸ÀÌ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ °íÀ¯ÀÇ ÁÖü¼ºÀ»
À¯ÁöÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù(ºÏÀ̽º¶ó¿¤ ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ 10ÁöÆÄ´Â BC 721³â
¾Æ½Ã¸®¾Æ¿¡°Ô Á¤º¹µÈ ÈÄ »Ô»ÔÀÌ Èð¾îÁ³°í Á¡Â÷·Î ´Ù¸¥
¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡°Ô µ¿ÈµÇ¾úÀ½). À¯´ëÀÎÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â ¶óƾ¾îÀÇ
À¯´ÙÀ̿콺(Judaeus)¿Í È÷ºê¸®¾îÀÇ ¿¹Èĵð(Yehd)¿¡¼ ºñ·ÔµÈ
±×¸®½º¾î ÀÌ¿ì´ÙÀÌ¿À½º(Ioudaios)¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
¿¹Èĵð¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ¡´±¸¾à¼º¼¡µÀÇ µÞºÎºÐ¿¡¸¸ ³ª¿À´Â
Çü¿ë»ç·Î¼ À̺¹ÇüÁ¦ÀÎ º£³Ä¹ÎÀÇ ÀÚ¼Õ°ú ÇÔ²² À¯´Ù
¿Õ±¹À» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´ø ¾ß°öÀÇ ³Ý° ¾Æµé ¿¹ÈÄ´Ù(À¯´Ù)ÀÇ
ÈļÕÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. |
| In
the modern world, a definition of Jew that would be satisfactory to all is
virtually impossible to construct, for it involves ethnic and religious
issues that are both complex and controversial. In daily life, for example,
those who consider themselves Jews are generally accepted as such by Jews
and non-Jews alike, even though such persons may not observe religious
practices. While all Jews agree that a child born of a Jewish mother is
Jewish, Reform Judaism goes beyond Orthodoxy
and Conservative Judaism in affirming
that a child is Jewish if either one of the parents is a Jew. |
Çö´ë ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³³µæÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖ´Â 'À¯´ëÀÎ' °³³äÀ» Á¤¸³ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »ç½Ç»ó
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ ¸» ¼Ó¿¡´Â º¹ÀâÇÏ°í ³íÀïÀûÀÎ
ÀÎÁ¾¹®Á¦¿Í Á¾±³¹®Á¦°¡ ³»Æ÷µÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. °¡·É
ÀÏ»ó»ýȰ¿¡¼ ÀڽŵéÀ» À¯´ëÀÎÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº
ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀÌ Á¾±³Àû °üÇàÀ» ÁؼöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ À¯´ëÀΰú
ºñÀ¯´ëÀÎ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô À¯´ëÀÎÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ
º¸ÅëÀÌ´Ù. À¯´ëÀÎ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡°Ô¼ ÅÂ¾î³ ¾ÆÀÌ´Â
À¯´ëÀÎÀ̶ó´Â µ¥ ´ëÇØ ¸ðµç À¯´ëÀεéÀº µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö¸¸, °³Çõ
À¯´ë±³´Â Á¤Åë À¯´ë±³¿¡¼ ÇѰÉÀ½ ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ ¾çÄ£ Áß
ÇÑÂÊÀÌ À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ¸é ¾ÆÀÌ´Â À¯´ëÀÎÀ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. |
| From
a purely religious standpoint, Gentile converts to Judaism are accepted as
Jewish in the fullest sense of the word; but in Israel
the rabbinate has often placed obstacles in the registration of Jews who
were not converted under the supervision of Orthodox
rabbis. For this reason the chief rabbinate of Israel has been confronted in
recent years with perplexing problems regarding the religious status of
certain immigrants. The Supreme Court of Israel, however, has been making
incursions into rabbinic interpretations of personal status. Citizens of the
State of Israel are called Israelis, a term carrying no ethnological or
religious connotations. |
¼ø¼öÇÏ°Ô Á¾±³Àû °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¸¸é,
À¯´ë±³·Î °³Á¾ÇÑ À̹æÀÎÀº À¯´ëÀÎÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡¼ ¶øºñµéÀº Á¤Åë À¯´ë±³ÀÇ ¶øºñµéÀÌ
ÁöÄѺ¸´Â °¡¿îµ¥ °³Á¾ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº À¯´ëÀÎÀ¸·Î
µî·ÏÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï Á¦¾àÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³õ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ À̽º¶ó¿¤ ÃÖ°í ¶øºñ´Â ÃÖ±Ù À̹εéÀÇ
Á¾±³Àû ÁöÀ§¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ºÎµúÄ¡°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª À̽º¶ó¿¤ ´ë¹ý¿øÀº °³ÀÎÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿¡ °üÇÑ ¶øºñµéÀÇ
ÇØ¼®¿¡ °£¼·Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎÀº ÀÎÁ¾Àû
Àǹ̳ª Á¾±³Àû Àǹ̸¦ ÀüÇô ´ãÁö ¾ÊÀº À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÎÀ̶ó´Â
¿ë¾î·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. |
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