Orthodox
& Heresy
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Á¤Åë(Orthodox),
Á¤Å뱳ȸ(Orthodox
Church), Á¤ÅëÀ¯´ëÀÎ(Orthodox
Jews), Á¤ÅëÆÄÀ¯´ë±³(Orthodox
Judaism), ÀÌ´Ü(Heresy) |
°¡Çö¼³(Docetism),
¸óŸ´©½ºÁÖÀÇ(Montanism),
¾çÀÚ·Ð(Adoptionism),
»çº§¸®¿ì½ºÁÖÀÇ(Sabellianism),
¾Æ¸®¿ì½ºÁÖÀÇ(Arianism),
Æç¶ó±â¿ì½ºÁÖÀÇ(Pelagianism),
¿µÁöÁÖÀÇ(Gnosticism),
µµ³ªÅõ½ºÆÄ(Donatist),
¸¶¸£Å°¿ÂÁÖÀÇ(Marcionite),
´Ü¼º·ÐÀÚ(monophysite),
´ÜÀϽŷÐ(Monarchianism) |
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Orthodox |
Á¤Åë
(ïá÷Ö) |
orthodox
(from Greek orthodoxos,
"of the right opinion"), true doctrine and its
adherents as opposed to heterodox or heretical doctrines
and their adherents. The word was first used in early
4th-century Christianity by the Greek Fathers. Because
almost every Christian group believes that it holds the
true faith (though not necessarily exclusively), the
meaning of "orthodox" in a particular instance
can be correctly determined only after examination of the
context in which it appears. (see also
heresy) |
Á¤ÅëÀº,
(orthodox´Â '¹Ù¸¥ °ßÇØ'¶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ ±×¸®½º¾î
orthodoxos¿¡¼ À¯·¡), ÀÌ´ÜÀû ±³¸®¿Í ±×
±³¸®ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚ¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ÂüµÈ ±³¸®¿Í ±×
±³¸®ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº 4¼¼±âÃÊ
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ±×¸®½º ±³ºÎµéÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î
»ç¿ëÇß´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ±³ÆÄ°¡
¹Ýµå½Ã ¹èŸÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾úÁö¸¸ ÀڽŵéÀÌ
ÂüµÈ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ 'Á¤Åë'À̶ó´Â
¸»ÀÇ Àǹ̴ ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´ø ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ
Á¤È²À» »ìÆìº» ´ÙÀ½¿¡¾ß ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô °áÁ¤ÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
It forms part of
the official title of the Greek-speaking church (Eastern
Orthodox Church) and those in communion with it. Also
including orthodox as part of their titles are some of the
smaller Eastern churches, which separated from the rest of
Christendom in the 5th century as a result of the
Monophysite controversy concerning the question of two
natures in Christ. |
Á¤ÅëÀ̶ó´Â ¸»Àº ±×¸®½º¾î±ÇÀÇ ±³È¸(µ¿¹æÁ¤±³È¸)»Ó
¾Æ´Ï¶ó µ¿¹æÁ¤±³È¸¿Í ±³·ù¸¦ °®´Â ±³È¸µéÀÇ
°ø½Ä ¸íĪ¿¡µµ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤ÅëÀ̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ
¸íĪ¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ±³ÆÄ¿¡ Á»´õ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ÀÛÀº
µ¿¹æ±³È¸µµ Àִµ¥ ÀÌ ±³È¸µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
2°¡Áö º»¼º ¹®Á¦¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ´Ü¼º·Ð(Ó¤àõÖå)
³íÀïÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ 5¼¼±â¿¡ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ
±×¸®½ºµµ±³¿¡¼ °¥¶óÁ®³ª¿Â ±³È¸µéÀÌ´Ù. |
Within Judaism,
Orthodox Judaism represents a form of religious belief and
practice that adheres most strictly to ancient tradition.
Orthodox Judaism, consequently, rejects the view held by
modern Reform Judaism that the Bible and other sacred
Jewish writings contain not only eternally valid moral
principles but also historically and culturally
conditioned interpretations of the Law that may be
legitimately abandoned. For Orthodox Jews, therefore, the
Law is immutably fixed and remains the sole norm of
religious observance. |
À¯´ë±³¿¡¼ Á¤Åë À¯´ë±³´Â °¡Àå ¾ö°ÝÇϰÔ
¿¾ ÀüÅëÀ» °í¼öÇÏ´Â Á¾±³Àû ½ÅÁ¶¿Í °üÇàÀ»
Áö´Ñ´Ù. Á¤Åë À¯´ë±³´Â Çö´ëÀûÀÎ °³Çõ
À¯´ë±³°¡ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ßÇØ¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
°³Çõ À¯´ë±³´Â ¼º¼¿Í ±×¿Ü ½Å¼ºÇÑ À¯´ë±³
Àú¼¿¡´Â Ç×±¸ÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â À±¸®ÀûÀÎ
¿øÄ¢»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ª»çÀû¡¤¹®ÈÀû »óȲ¿¡
µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÈ À²¹ýÇØ¼®µµ Àֱ⿡ ÈÄÀÚ´Â
Æó±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í º»´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ¹ÝÇØ Á¤Åë
À¯´ë±³ÀεéÀº À²¹ýÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
È®Á¤µÈ °ÍÀ̸ç Á¾±³ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÒ
À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±Ô¹üÀ¸·Î ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°í
»ý°¢Çß´Ù. |
The term is also
used to distinguish true Islamic doctrine from
heretical teachings, such as those of the Mu'tazilites. |
Á¤ÅëÀ̶ó´Â ¸»Àº ÂüµÈ À̽½¶÷±³ ±³¸®¸¦
¹«Å¸Áú¸®ÆÄ ±³¸®¿Í °°Àº ÀÌ´ÜÀû °¡¸£Ä§°ú
±¸º°ÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ ¾²ÀδÙ. |
Orthodox is also
applied to a certain type of Protestantism that is usually
quite conservative in its interpretation of Scripture. The
term evangelical orthodoxy is commonly applied to
Protestant Christianity that insists on the full or
literal authority and inerrancy of the Bible. In a
nonreligious sense, the accepted views held by any unified
body of opinion or in any field of study are referred to
as orthodox. |
¶ÇÇÑ Áö±ØÈ÷
º¸¼öÀûÀ¸·Î ¼º¼¸¦ ÇØ¼®Çϴ ƯÁ¤ ÇüÅÂÀÇ
°³½Å±³¸¦ ÁöĪÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ ¾²ÀδÙ.
º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀû Á¤ÅëÀº º¸Åë ¼º¼ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚÀû
±ÇÀ§¿Í ¹«¿À¼ºÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °³½Å±³¸¦
ÁöĪÇÑ´Ù. ºñÁ¾±³ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̿¡¼´Â ¾î¶²
ÀϰüµÈ ÀÇ°ß Ã¼Á¦³ª Çй® ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ ³Î¸®
ÀÎÁ¤µÈ °ßÇØ¸¦ Á¤ÅëÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. |
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Orthodox
Church
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Orthodox
Church, one of the three major branches of
Christianity, which stands in historical continuity with
the communities created by the apostles of Jesus in the
region of the eastern Mediterranean, and which spread by
missionary activity throughout Eastern Europe. The word
orthodox (from Greek, "right-believing") implies
the claim of doctrinal consistency with apostolic truth.
The Orthodox church has also established communities in
Western Europe, the western hemisphere, and, more
recently, Africa and Asia, and it currently has more than
174 million adherents throughout the world. Other
designations, such as Orthodox Catholic, Greek Orthodox,
and Eastern Orthodox, are also used in reference to the
Orthodox church. |
Á¤Å뱳ȸ,
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¼¼°¡Áö ÁÖµÈ Á¾ÆÄÀÇ Çϳª·Î,
ÁöÁßÇØ µ¿ºÎ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¿¹¼öÀÇ »çµµµé¿¡
ÀÇÇØ Çü¼ºµÈ °øµ¿Ã¼µé°ú ¿ª»çÀû ¿¬¼Ó¼ºÀ»
°¡Áö¸ç, ±× Àüµµ Ȱµ¿Àº µ¿ À¯·´±îÁö ¹ÌÄ£´Ù.
Á¤Åë(±×¸®½º¾îÀÇ, ¡°¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¹ÏÀ½")À̶ó´Â
´Ü¾î´Â »çµµµéÀÇ Áø¸®¿Í ±³¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î
ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Á¤Å뱳ȸ´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¼
À¯·´¿¡, ¼¹Ý±¸, ±×¸®°í ´õ¿ì±â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â,
¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼µµ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦
È®¸³ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÇöÀç Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ 1¾ï7õ4¹é¸¸ÀÇ
ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤Åë Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸, ±×¸®½º
Á¤±³È¸, ¹× µ¿¹æ Á¤±³È¸ °°Àº Á¾ÆÄµéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ
Á¤Å뱳ȸ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. |
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Heresy
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ÀÌ´Ü
(ì¶Ó®)
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heresy,
a theological doctrine or system rejected as false by ecclesiastical
authority. |
±³È¸ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±×¸©µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹èôµÈ ½ÅÇÐ ±³¸®³ª
üÁ¦¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
Heresy differs from schism in that the heretic sometimes remains in
the church despite his doctrinal errors, whereas the schismatic may be
doctrinally orthodox but severs himself from the church. The Greek word hairesis
(from which heresy is derived) was originally a neutral term that
signified merely the holding of a particular set of philosophical opinions.
Once appropriated by Christianity, however, the term heresy began to
convey a note of disapproval. This was because the church from the start
regarded itself as the custodian of a divinely imparted revelation which it
alone was authorized to expound under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
Thus, any interpretation that differed from the official one was necessarily
"heretical" in the new, pejorative sense of the word. |
ÀÌ´ÜÀº ºÐÆÄ¿Í ´Ù¸£´Ù. À̴ܼ³À» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº
±³¸®»óÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹üÇϸ鼵µ ¶§·Î ±³È¸¿¡ ±×´ë·Î ³²¾Æ
ÀÖÁö¸¸, ºÐÆÄÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº ±³¸®»óÀ¸·Î´Â Á¤ÅëÀ̸鼵µ
±³È¸¿¡¼ °¥¶óÁ®³ª°£´Ù. ¿µ¾î 'heresy'´Â ±×¸®½º¾î 'ÇÏÀÌ·¹½Ã½º'(hairesis)¿¡¼
ÆÄ»ýµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¿ø·¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐ »ç»óÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
¶æÇÏ´Â Á߸³ÀûÀÎ ¿ë¾î¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÏ´Ü
±×¸®½ºµµ±³°¡ ÀÌ ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¾´ µÚ·Î´Â '½ÂÀÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °Í'À̶ó´Â
°³³äÀ» °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÈ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±³È¸°¡ óÀ½ºÎÅÍ
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ Áֽаè½Ã¸¦ ¼º·ÉÀÇ ¿µ°¨À» ¹Þ¾Æ ÇØ¼®ÇÒ ±ÇÇÑÀ»
°¡Áø À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¼öÈ£ÀÚ·Î ÀÚóÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
°ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ÇØ¼®°ú ´Ù¸¥ ÇØ¼®¿¡ ºÙÀº 'ÀÌ´Ü'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â
°æ¸êÀûÀÎ ¶æÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. |
This attitude of hostility to
heresy is evident in the New
Testament itself. St. Paul, for instance, insists that his gospel is
identical with that of the Twelve Apostles, and in the later books of the
New Testament the contrast in attitudes regarding approved doctrines and
heretical ones is even more sharply drawn. In the 2nd century the Christian
church became increasingly aware of the need to keep its teaching
uncontaminated, and it devised criteria to test deviations. The Apostolic
Fathers, 2nd-century Christian writers, appealed to the prophets and
Apostles as sources of authoritative doctrine, and Irenaeus and Tertullian
laid great stress on "the rule of faith," which was a loose
summary of essential Christian beliefs handed down from apostolic times.
Later, the ecclesiastical and universal church council became the instrument
for defining orthodoxy and condemning heresy. Eventually, in the
Western church, the doctrinal decision of a council had to be ratified by
the pope to be accepted. |
ÀÌ´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àû´ëÀûÀΠŵµ´Â [½Å¾à¼º¼]¿¡
ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¹Ù¿ïÀº ÀڱⰡ ÀüÇÏ´Â
º¹À½ÀÌ '12»çµµµé'ÀÇ º¹À½°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϸç, [½Å¾à¼º¼] ÈĹݿ¡ ¼ÓÇϴ åµé¿¡¼´Â ½ÂÀεÈ
±³¸®µé°ú À̴ܼ³À» ´ëÇϴ ŵµ°¡ ÈξÀ ´õ ¿¹¸®ÇϰÔ
´ëÁ¶µÈ´Ù. 2¼¼±â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ±³È¸´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¿À¿°µÇÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´õ¿í ÀÚ°¢ÇÏ¿©,
±³¸®¿¡¼ ÀÌÅ»Çß´ÂÁö¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇÏ´Â ±âÁØÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇß´Ù.
»çµµµéÀ» °è½ÂÇÑ ±³ºÎµé°ú 2¼¼±â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ÀúÀÚµéÀº
¿¹¾ðÀÚµé°ú »çµµµéÀ» ±ÇÀ§ÀÖ´Â ±³¸®ÀÇ ¿øÃµÀ¸·Î
»ï¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¹³ªÀ̿콺¿Í Å׸£Åø¸®¾Æ´©½º´Â
»çµµ½Ã´ëºÎÅÍ ÀüÇØ³»·Á¿Â º»ÁúÀûÀÎ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½ÅÁ¶µéÀ»
´ëÃæ ¿ä¾àÇØ³õÀº '½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±ÔÀ²'À» Å©°Ô °Á¶Çß´Ù. ÈÄ¿¡
¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÌ Áß½ÉÀÌ µÈ ±³È¸¿Í ±³È¸°øÀÇȸ´Â Á¤ÅëÀ»
Á¤ÀÇÇϰí ÀÌ´ÜÀ» Á¤ÁËÇÏ´Â µµ±¸°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÈÄ
¼¹æ±³È¸¿¡¼´Â °øÀÇȸ°¡ ³»¸° ±³¸®Àû ÆÇ´ÜÀÌ È¿·ÂÀ»
°®±â À§Çؼ´Â ±³È²ÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß Çß´Ù. |
During its early centuries, the Christian church dealt with many
heresies. They included, among others, Docetism
, Montanism
, Adoptionism
, Sabellianism
, Arianism
, Pelagianism
, and Gnosticism
(qq.v.). See also Donatist
; Marcionite
; monophysite
. |
óÀ½ ¸î ¼¼±â
µ¿¾È ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ±³È¸´Â ¸¹Àº ÀÌ´ÜÀ» ´Ù·ç¾ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¥
À̴ܵ鵵 ¸¹Áö¸¸, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ °Íµé·Î´Â °¡Çö¼³; ¸óŸ´©½ºÁÖÀÇ;
¾çÀÚ·Ð; »çº§¸®¿ì½ºÁÖÀÇ; ¾Æ¸®¿ì½ºÁÖÀÇ; Æç¶ó±â¿ì½ºÁÖÀÇ;
¿µÁöÁÖÀǰ¡
ÀÖ´Ù(Âü°í: µµ³ªÅõ½ºÆÄ; ¸¶¸£Å°¿ÂÁÖÀÇ; ´Ü¼º·ÐÀÚ). |
Historically, the major means that the church had of combating heretics
was to excommunicate them. In the 12th and 13th centuries, however, the Inquisition
was established by the church to combat heresy; heretics who refused
to recant after being tried by the church were handed over to the civil
authorities for punishment, usually execution. |
¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î ±³È¸°¡ À̴ܵé°ú ½Î¿ï ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ
¼ö´ÜÀº ±×µéÀ» ÆÄ¹®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, 12, 13¼¼±â¿¡
±³È¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌ´ÜÀÚµé°ú ½Î¿ì±â À§Çؼ Á¾±³ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¸¦
¼¼¿öÁ³À¸¸ç, ±³È¸¿¡¼ ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ¿¡µµ ÀÚ±â ÁÖÀåÀ»
±ÁÈ÷Áö ¾ÊÀº À̴ܵéÀº ¼¼¼Ó ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿¡ ³Ñ°ÜÁ³°í, ´ë°³´Â
óÇüµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
A new situation came about in the 16th century with the
Reformation,
which spelled the breakup of Western Christendom's previous doctrinal unity.
The Roman Catholic church,
satisfied that it is the true church armed with an infallible authority, has
alone remained faithful to the ancient and medieval theory of heresy,
and it occasionally denounces doctrines or opinions that it considers
heretical. Most of the great Protestant churches similarly started with the
assumption that their own particular doctrines embodied the final statement
of Christian truth and were thus prepared to denounce as heretics those who
differed with them. But with the gradual growth of toleration and the
20th-century ecumenical movement, most Protestant churches have drastically
revised the notion of heresy as understood in the pre-Reformation
church. It does not now seem to them inconsistent for a person to stoutly
maintain the doctrines of his own communion while not regarding as heretics
those who hold different views. The Roman Catholic church, too, draws a
distinction between those who willfully and persistently adhere to doctrinal
error and those who embrace it through no fault of their own, e.g.,
as a result of upbringing in another tradition. The term heresy also
has been used among Jews, although they have not been as intense as
Christians in their punishment of heretics. The concept and combating of heresy
has historically been less important in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam
than in Christianity.
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