¡¡

Jesusi.com Homepage

¡¡

¡¡

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

[ µÚ·Î ] [ Ȩ ] [ À§·Î ]

¡¡
Religion

Á¾±³ ޹æ

Great Awakening

´ë°¢¼º¿îµ¿

Great Awakening, religious revival in the British American colonies mainly between about 1720 and the 1740s. It was a part of the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of the 17th century and early 18th century, referred to as Pietism and Quietism in continental Europe among Protestants and Roman Catholics and as Evangelicalism in England under the leadership of John Wesley (1703-91). ´ë°¢¼º¿îµ¿ (ÓÞÊÆá¥ê¡ÔÑ, Great Awakening), ÁÖ·Î 1720~40³â´ë »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ½Ä¹ÎÁֵ鿡¼­ ÀϾ ½Å¾ÓºÎÈï¿îµ¿ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿îµ¿Àº 17¼¼±â¸»¿¡¼­ 18¼¼±âÃÊ ¼­À¯·´À» ÈÛ¾µ°í °£ Á¾±³¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÀϺηΠÀ¯·´¿¡¼­´Â °³½Å±³µµ¿Í ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯±³µµ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀϾ °æ°ÇÁÖÀÇ¡¤Á¤ÀûÁÖÀÇ¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â Á¸ ¿þ½½¸®(1703~91)°¡ À̲ö º¹À½ÁÖÀÇ¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 
A number of conditions in the colonies often cited as preparing the way for the revival include an arid rationalism in New England, formalism in liturgical practices, as among the Dutch Reformed in the Middle Colonies, and the neglect of pastoral supervision in the South. The revival took place primarily among the Dutch Reformed, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Baptists, and some Anglicans, almost all of whom were Calvinists. The Great Awakening may be seen, therefore, as a development toward an evangelical Calvinism. ½Ä¹ÎÁöµé¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯°¡Áö »óȲµéÀº ÈçÈ÷ ºÎÈïÀ» À§ÇÑ ±æÀ» ¿¹ºñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀοëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ºÀ×±Û·£µåÀÇ ¹«¹Ì°ÇÁ¶ÇÑ À̼ºÁÖÀÇ¿Í ÁߺΠ½Ä¹ÎÁֵ鿡 ºÐÆ÷ÇØ ÀÖ´ø ³×´ú¶õµå °³Çõ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿¹¹èÀǽĿ¡ ÁýÂøÇÑ Çü½ÄÁÖÀÇ, ±×¸®°í ³²ºÎÀÇ ¸ñȸ°¨µ¶ ¼ÒȦ µî¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇϰí À̸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÏ¿© ÇÏ´À´Ô°ú ±× ¹é¼º »çÀÌÀÇ °è¾àÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇߴµ¥ ÀÌ·± °ÍµéÀÌ ½Ä¹ÎÁֵ鿡¼­ ºÎÈï¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÅÍÀüÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ºÎÈï¿îµ¿Àº ÁÖ·Î ³×´ú¶õµå °³Çõ±³È¸, ȸÁß±³È¸, Àå·Î±³È¸, ħ·Ê±³È¸, ÀϺΠ¼º°øÈ¸ µî¿¡¼­ ÀϾÀ¸¸ç ÀÌµé ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ÁÖ·Î Ä®¹ðÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ë°¢¼º¿îµ¿Àº º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀû Ä®¹ðÁÖÀǰ¡ ¹ßÀüÇÑ ÇüŶó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
The revival preachers emphasized the "terrors of the law" to sinners, the unmerited grace of God, and the "new birth" in Jesus Christ. One of the great figures of the movement was George Whitefield, an Anglican priest who was influenced by John Wesley but was himself a Calvinist. Visiting America in 1739-40, he preached up and down the colonies to vast crowds in open fields, because no church building would hold them. Although he gained many converts, he was attacked, as were other revival clergy, for criticizing the religious experience of others, for stimulating emotional excesses and dangerous religious delusions, and for breaking into and preaching in settled parishes without proper invitation by ecclesiastical authorities. ºÎÈï¼³±³ÀÚµéÀº ÁËÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ 'À²¹ýÀÇ °æ°í', ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ´ë°¡¾øÀÌ º£Çª´Â ÀºÇý, ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ ¾È¿¡¼­ '°Åµì³²'À» °­Á¶Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ¿îµ¿À» À̲ö ÁÖ¿äÀι° °¡¿îµ¥´Â Á¶Áö È­ÀÌÆ®Çʵ尡 ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ¼º°øÈ¸ »çÁ¦·Î¼­ Á¸ ¿þ½½¸®¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª Ä®¹ðÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿´´Ù. 1739~40³â¿¡ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ ½Ä¹ÎÁÖ¸¦ ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸é¼­ ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷À» ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ±³È¸ °Ç¹°ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ µéÆÇ¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ±ºÁßÀ» »ó´ë·Î ¼³±³Çß´Ù. ¸¹Àº °³Á¾ÀÚ¸¦ ¾ò¾úÀ¸³ª, ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÈï ¸ñ»çµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓüÇèÀ» ºñÆÇÇϰí Áö³ªÄ£ °¨Á¤°ú À§ÇèÇÑ Á¾±³Àû ¸Á»óÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ¸ç ±³È¸ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ Á¤´çÇÑ ÃÊûÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ±³±¸¿¡ ÇԺηΠµé¾î¿Í ¼³±³ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ºñÆÇÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
Jonathan Edwards was the great academician and apologist of the Great Awakening. A Congregational pastor at Northampton, Conn., he preached justification by faith alone with remarkable effectiveness. He also attempted to redefine the psychology of religious experience and to help those involved in the revival to discern what were true and false works of the Spirit of God. His chief opponent was Charles Chauncy, a liberal pastor of the First Church in Boston, who wrote and preached against the revival, which he considered an outbreak of extravagant emotion. Á¶³Ê¼± ¿¡µå¿öÁî´Â ´ë°¢¼º¿îµ¿À» À̲ö À§´ëÇÑ ÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ º¯Áõ°¡¿´´Ù. ÄÚ³×Æ¼ÄÆ ³ë»ùÇÁÅÏ È¸Áß±³È¸ ¸ñ»ç¿´´ø ±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î¸¸ ÀǷοòÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù°í ¼³±³ÇÏ¿© Å« È£ÀÀÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ½Å¾ÓüÇèÀÇ ½É¸®ÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ» Àç±Ô¸íÇϰí, ºÎÈï¿îµ¿¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼º·ÉÀÇ ÂüµÈ »ç¿ª°ú °ÅÁþ »ç¿ªÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ °¡Àå °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¹Ý¹ßÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ »ç»óÀ» °¡Áø º¸½ºÅÏ Á¦Àϱ³È¸ ¸ñ»ç Âû½º Ã̽÷Î, ±×´Â ºÎÈï¿îµ¿À» Áö³ªÄ£ °¨Á¤ ¹ß»êÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ¿© À̸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀ» ¾²°í ¼³±³¸¦ Çß´Ù. 
The Great Awakening stemmed the tide of Enlightenment rationalism among a great many people in the colonies. One of its results was division within denominations, for some members supported the revival and others rejected it. The revival stimulated the growth of several educational institutions, including Princeton, Brown, and Rutgers universities and Dartmouth College. The increase of dissent from the established churches during this period led to a broader toleration, and the democratization of the religious experience was an impulse that fed the fervour that resulted in the American Revolution. ´ë°¢¼º¿îµ¿Àº ½Ä¹ÎÁÖ¿¡ »ì´ø ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ´ø °è¸ùÁÖÀÇÀû À̼ºÁÖÀÇÀÇ È帧À» ¸·¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ °á°ú ±³´ÜÀÌ ºÎÈï¿îµ¿ ÁöÁöÆÄ¿Í ¹Ý´ëÆÄ·Î ºÐ¿­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼øÈ¸¼³±³´Â ÀÏÁ¤ Áö¿ª¿¡ »ç´Â »ç¶÷µé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇÑ ±³È¸¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ±³±¸Ã¼Á¦¸¦ ¾àÈ­½ÃÄ×´Ù. ºÎÈï¿îµ¿À¸·Î Àεð¾ðµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±±³°¡ ÃËÁøµÇ¾ú°í, ÇÁ¸°½ºÅÏ¡¤´ÙÆ®¸Ó½º¡¤ºê¶ó¿î¡¤·¯Æ®°ÅÁ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ±³À°±â°üÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±â¼º ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ý¹ßÀÌ Ä¿Áö¸é¼­ ½Å¾Ó ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ºÐÀ§±â°¡ Æø³Ð°Ô Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, Á¾±³Ã¼ÇèÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÏ°Ô µÊÀ¸·Î½á ¿©±â¼­ »ý±ä ¿­Á¤Àº ¹Ì±¹Çõ¸íÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â °è±â°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Edwards maintained that the Spirit of God withdrew from Northampton in the 1740s, and some supporters found that the revival came to an end in that decade.   ¿¡µå¿öÁî´Â 1740³â´ë¿¡ ¼º·ÉÀÌ ³ë»ùÇÁÅÏÀ» ¶°³µ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß°í, ±×ÀÇ ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀº ±× ½Ã±â¿¡ ºÎÈï¿îµ¿ÀÌ ³¡³µ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÎÈï¿îµ¿Àº Àå·Î±³ ³»¿¡¼­ °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú°í, 18¼¼±â ³»³» °¨¸®±³¿Í ħ·Ê±³ÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú ´É·ÂÀ» Ű¿öÁÖ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.

A revival known as the Second Great Awakening began in New England in the 1790s. Generally less emotional than the Great Awakening, the Second Awakening led to the founding of colleges and seminaries and to the organization of mission societies. Kentucky was also influenced by a revival during this period. The custom of camp-meeting revivals developed out of the Kentucky revival and was an influence on the American frontier during the 19th century.

 Á¦2Â÷ ´ë°¢¼º¿îµ¿À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ºÎÈï¿îµ¿Àº 1790³â´ë ´ºÀ×±Û·£µå¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ´ëü·Î óÀ½ÀÇ ´ë°¢¼º¿îµ¿¸¸Å­ °¨Á¤¿¡ Ä¡¿ìÄ¡Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ ÅëÇØ ´ëÇаú ½ÅÇб³µéÀÌ ¼¼¿öÁ³°í ¼±±³ÇùȸµéÀÌ Á¶Á÷µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ÄËÅÍŰ ÁÖ¿¡¼­µµ ºÎÈï¿îµ¿ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¼­ ¾ß¿µÁýȸ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ºÎÈï¿îµ¿ÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇßÀ¸¸ç 19¼¼±â ³»³» ¹Ì±¹ °³Ã´Áö¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

¡¡ ¡¡


[ Ȩ ] [ À§·Î ] [ ¸Þ³ëÆÄ ] [ ÈÄÅÍÆÄ ] [ ÇüÁ¦´Ü ] [ ¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ ] [ Thomas Muntzer ] [ Balthasar Hubmaier ] [ ¸Þ³ë ½Ã¸ó½º ] [ È£ÇÁ¸¸ ] [ ½Å¾ÓºÎÈï¿îµ¿ ] [ ´ë°¢¼º ¿îµ¿ ]


¡¡
¡¡
 

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

[ µÚ·Î ] [ Ȩ ] [ À§·Î ]

¡¡
 

Jesusi.com Homepage



This page was last modified 2001/06/07