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Diggers, members of a communistic
movement that flourished during the English Commonwealth (1649-60) and favored
the abolition of private ownership of land. The Diggers were deeply religious
pacifists, and their doctrines were social and economic, not political. They
are often incorrectly identified with the Levellers, whose program was chiefly
political.
In April 1649 a band of about 40 Diggers, led by
Gerrard Winstanley and
William Everard, began to dig uncultivated common land on Saint George's Hill
in Cobham, Surrey. They worked for a week and erected tents for dwellings; as
they prepared to cultivate a second hill, they were dispersed by government
troops. Everard and Winstanley were arrested, tried, and sentenced to pay
large fines. Despite government opposition to the experiment, the Cobham
colony lasted until 1651. The Diggers founded other colonies, none of which
endured.
Winstanley wrote several pamphlets explaining the principles of the
Diggers. Although he was devoutly Christian, he was against organized religion
and the clergy, claiming that they supported the class structure of society.
His last work, The Law of Freedom in a Platform (1652),explains his
theory of a social system founded on communistic principles. The Digger
movement was one of the influences leading to the development of 19th-century
radical thought in Britain and of modern socialism.
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