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Religion


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Diggers

µð°ÅÆÄ

Diggers, members of a communistic movement that flourished during the English Commonwealth (1649-60) and favored the abolition of private ownership of land. The Diggers were deeply religious pacifists, and their doctrines were social and economic, not political. They are often incorrectly identified with the Levellers, whose program was chiefly political.

In April 1649 a band of about 40 Diggers, led by Gerrard Winstanley and William Everard, began to dig uncultivated common land on Saint George's Hill in Cobham, Surrey. They worked for a week and erected tents for dwellings; as they prepared to cultivate a second hill, they were dispersed by government troops. Everard and Winstanley were arrested, tried, and sentenced to pay large fines. Despite government opposition to the experiment, the Cobham colony lasted until 1651. The Diggers founded other colonies, none of which endured.

Winstanley wrote several pamphlets explaining the principles of the Diggers. Although he was devoutly Christian, he was against organized religion and the clergy, claiming that they supported the class structure of society. His last work, The Law of Freedom in a Platform (1652),explains his theory of a social system founded on communistic principles. The Digger movement was one of the influences leading to the development of 19th-century radical thought in Britain and of modern socialism.

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Á¦¶óµå À©½ºÅϸ®¿Í Àª¸®¾ö ¿¡¹ö¶óµåÀÇ ÁÖµµÇÏ¿¡, 1649³â 4¿ù, 20¿© ¸íÀÇ µð°ÅÆÄµéÀÌ ¼­¸® ÁÖ(ñ¶) ÄÚºêÇÜÀÇ ¼¼ÀÎÆ®Á¶Áö½ºÈú¿¡ ¸ð¿© °øÀ¯Áö(Íìêóò¢)¸¦ °æÀÛÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇÑ ÁÖÀÏ µ¿¾È ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¿©¼­ ÁְŸ¦ À§ÇÑ ÅÙÆ®¸¦ ¼¼¿ü´Ù; ±×µéÀº µÎ¹ø °ÀÇ ¾ð´öÀ» °³°£ÇÏ·Á ÇÏ´Ù°¡ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±º´ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÇØ»êµÇ¾ú´Ù. À©½ºÅĸ®¿Í ¿¡¹ö¶óµå´Â üÆ÷µÇ¾î ½É¹®À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç °Å¾×ÀÇ ¹ú±ÝÇüÀ» ¼±°í¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÇÇè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí ÄÚºêÇÜ ¸¶À»Àº 1651³â ±îÁö Áö¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. µð°ÅÆÄµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸¶À»µéÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾úÁö¸¸, ¾î´À°Íµµ Áö¼ÓµÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.

À©½ºÅĸ®´Â µð°ÅÆÄÀÇ ¿ø¸®µéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯±ÇÀÇ ¼ÒÃ¥ÀÚ¸¦ ½è´Ù. ºñ·Ï ±×´Â µ¶½ÇÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ̾úÁö¸¸, ±×´Â Á¶Á÷È­µÈ Á¾±³¿Í ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, »çȸÀÇ °è±Þ ±¸Á¶¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ÀÛǰÀÎ, "±³´Ü¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ¹ý"(1652)Àº, °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀû ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÑ »çȸ ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. µð°Å ¿îµ¿Àº 19¼¼±â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ±ÞÁøÀûÀÎ »ç»ó°ú ±Ù´ë »çȸÁÖÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù.


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