| Anglican Communion,
religious body of national, independent, and autonomous churches throughout
the world that evolved from the Church of England. The Anglican Communion is
united by a common loyalty to the archbishop of Canterbury in England as its
senior bishop and titular leader and by a general agreement with the
doctrines and practices defined in the 16th-century Book of Common Prayer.
From the time of the Reformation, the Church of England followed
explorers, traders, colonists, and missionaries into the far reaches of the
known world. The colonial churches generally exercised administrative
autonomy within the historical and creedal context of the mother church. It
was probably not until the first meeting of the Lambeth
Conference (q.v.) in 1867 that there emerged among the
various churches and councils a mutual consciousness of an Anglican
Communion. Since its inception, the Lambeth Conference has constituted the
principal cohesive factor in Anglicanism.
While population differences and other factors account for some variation
in the basic structure among the churches, several elements do predominate.
The diocese, under the administration of a bishop, is the basic
administrative unit throughout the Communion. The diocese is made up of
parishes, or local church communities, each under the care of a pastor. In
many of the national churches, dioceses are grouped into provinces. In some,
parishes may be grouped also below the diocesan level into rural deaneries
and archdeaconries.
In the 20th century the Anglican Communion has played a prominent role in
the ecumenical movement. A milestone in Anglican-Roman Catholic relations
was reached in 1982 when Pope John Paul II met with Robert Runcie, the
archbishop of Canterbury, at Canterbury to discuss prospects for
reconciliation between the two churches.
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