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Religion
Á¾±³ ޹æ
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| Yahweh |
¾ßÈÑ |
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| Yahweh,
the God of the Israelites, his name being revealed to Moses as four Hebrew
consonants (YHWH) called the tetragrammaton. After the Exile (6th century BC),
and especially from the 3rd century BC on, Jews ceased to use the name Yahweh
for two reasons. As Judaism became a universal religion through its
proselytizing in the Greco-Roman world, the more common noun elohim,
meaning "god," tended to replace Yahweh to demonstrate the universal
sovereignty of Israel's God over all others. At the same time, the divine name
was increasingly regarded as too sacred to be uttered; it was thus replaced
vocally in the synagogue ritual by the Hebrew word Adonai ("My Lord"),
which was translated as Kyrios ("Lord") in the Septuagint, the Greek
version of the Old Testament. (see also Elohim) |
¾ßÈÑ(¿©È£¿Í)´Â, À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
Çϳª´ÔÀ¸·Î,
ÀÌ À̸§Àº ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô 4°³ÀÇ È÷ºê¸®¾î ÀÚÀ½(YHWH)À¸·Î
°è½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ùºô·Ð À¯¼ö(BC 6¼¼±â)°¡ ³¡³ µÚ, ƯÈ÷ BC 3¼¼±âºÎÅÍ
À¯´ëÀεéÀº 2°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼ '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â À̸§À» ´õÀÌ»ó
»ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ù°, À¯´ë±³´Â ±×¸®½º¡¤·Î¸¶ ¼¼°è¿¡¼
°³Á¾ÀÚµéÀ» ¾ò¾î º¸ÆíÁ¾±³°¡ µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ½Åµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÁÖ±ÇÀ» °®°í
ÀÖÀ½À» °ú½ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ '½Å'À̶ó´Â ¶æÀ» Áö´Ñ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸í»ç '
¿¤·ÎÈû'À» '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â À̸§ ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÇϰÔ
µÇ¾ú´Ù. µÑ°, ¾ßÈѶó´Â À̸§Àº ³Ê¹« °Å·èÇÏ¿© ¹ß¾ðÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ȸ´ç ¿¹¹è¿¡¼´Â
¾Æµµ³ªÀÌ('³ªÀÇ ÁÖ')·Î ¹ßÀ½Çߴµ¥, [±¸¾à¼º¼] ±×¸®½º¾î
¹ø¿ªº»ÀÎ 70ÀοªÀº ÀÌ ´Ü¾î¸¦ '۸®¿À½º'(ÁÖ)·Î ¹ø¿ªÇß´Ù. |
| The Masoretes,
who from about the 6th to the 10th century worked to reproduce the original text
of the Hebrew Bible, replaced the vowels of the name YHWH with the vowel signs
of the Hebrew words Adonai or Elohim. Thus, the artificial name Jehovah
(YeHoWaH) came into being. Although Christian scholars after the Renaissance and
Reformation periods used the term Jehovah for YHWH, in the 19th and 20th
centuries biblical scholars again began to use the form Yahweh. Early Christian
writers, such as Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century, had used a form like
Yahweh, and this pronunciation of the tetragrammaton was never really lost.
Other Greek transcriptions also indicated that YHWH should be pronounced Yahweh. |
6~10¼¼±â°æ¿¡ È÷ºê¸®¾î ¼º¼ ¿øº»ÀÇ Àç°£Çà ÀÛ¾÷À» ¹úÀÎ
¸¶¼Ò¶ó ÇÐÀÚµéÀº 'YHWH'¶ó´Â À̸§À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¸ðÀ½µéÀ»
È÷ºê¸®¾î '¾Æµµ³ªÀÌ' ¶Ç´Â '¿¤·ÎÈû'ÀÇ ¸ðÀ½ ºÎÈ£µé·Î
´ëÄ¡Çß´Ù. À̶§¹®¿¡ ' ¿©È£¿Í'(Jehovah, YeHoWaH)¶ó´Â ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ
À̸§ÀÌ µîÀåÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸£³×»ó½º¿Í Á¾±³°³Çõ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀº '¾ßÈÑ' ´ë½Å '¿©È£¿Í'¶ó´Â À̸§À»
»ç¿ëÇßÁö¸¸, 19~20¼¼±â ¼º¼ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ´Ù½Ã ¾ßÈѶó´Â À̸§À»
»ç¿ëÇß´Ù. 2¼¼±â ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾ÆÀÇ Å¬·¹¸à½º °°Àº Ãʱâ
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ÀúÀÚµéÀº '¾ßÈÑ'¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ À½¿ªÇüŸ¦ »ç¿ëÇß°í,
ÀÌ 4±ÛÀÚ(YHWH)¸¦ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Â °üÇàÀº ±×µÚ·Îµµ ¾ø¾îÁöÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ±×¸®½º¾î Çʻ纻µéµµ 'YHWH'¸¦ '¾ßÈÑ'·Î
¹ßÀ½ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù. |
| The meaning of the personal name of the
Israelite God has been variously interpreted. Many scholars believe that the
most proper meaning may be "He Brings Into Existence Whatever Exists"
(Yahweh-Asher-Yahweh). In I Samuel, God is known by the name Yahweh Teva-'ot, or
"He Brings the Hosts Into Existence," the hosts possibly referring to
the heavenly court or to Israel. |
À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ Áö´Ï´Â ÀÌ °íÀ¯ÇÑ À̸§Àº
¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÇ¹Ì·Î ÇØ¼®µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù. ¸¹Àº ÇÐÀÚµéÀº '±×´Â
Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¸ÀçÄÉ ÇÑ´Ù'(Yahweh-Asher-Yahweh)´Â °ÍÀÌ
°¡Àå Á¤È®ÇÑ ¶æÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. [»ç¹«¿¤ »ó]¿¡¼ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀº
¾ßÈÑ Å×¹Ù¿ÀÆ®(Yahweh Teva-ot), Áï '±×´Â ¸¸±º(Ø¿ÏÚ)À» Á¸ÀçÄÉ
ÇÑ´Ù'´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁö´Âµ¥, ¿©±â¼ '¸¸±º'Àº ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ¿Õ±¹
¶Ç´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤À» °¡¸®Å°´Â µíÇÏ´Ù. |
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The personal name of God probably was
known long before the time of Moses. The name of Moses' mother was Jochebed
(Yokheved), a word based on the name Yahweh. Thus, the tribe of Levi, to which
Moses belonged, probably knew the name Yahweh, which originally may have been
(in its short form Yo, Yah, or Yahu) a religious invocation of no precise
meaning evoked by the mysterious and awesome splendour of the manifestation of
the holy.
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ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ÀÌ °íÀ¯ÇÑ
À̸§Àº ¸ð¼¼ ½Ã´ë ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ
¾î¸Ó´Ï À̸§Àº '¿ä°Ôºª'Àε¥, À̰ÍÀº '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â À̸§¿¡
¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÐ À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸ð¼¼°¡ ¼ÓÇß´ø ·¹À§ ÁöÆÄ´Â '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â
À̸§À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ À̸§Àº ¿ø·¡ 'Yo, Yah, Yahu¶ó´Â
ªÀº ÇüÅ·Î' ½Åºñ½º·´°í µÎ·Á¿î ±¤Ã¤¿¡ ¾ÐµµµÇ¾î Ưº°ÇÑ
¶æ¾øÀÌ ½ÅÀ» ºÎ¸£´Â ¸»À̾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
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| Elohim |
¿¤·ÎÈû |
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| Elohim,
singular ELOAH (Hebrew: God), the God of Israel in the Old Testament. A
plural of majesty, the term Elohim--though sometimes used for other deities,
such as the Moabite god Chemosh, the Sidonian goddess Astarte, and also for
other majestic beings such as angels, kings, judges (the Old Testament shofetim),
and the Messiah--is usually employed in the Old Testament for the one and
only God of Israel, whose personal name was revealed to Moses as YHWH, or Yahweh.
When referring to Yahweh, elohim
very often is accompanied by the article ha-,
to mean, in combination, "the God," and sometimes with a further
identification Elohim hayyim,
meaning "the living God." |
¿¤·ÎÈû(Elohim, ´Ü¼öÇüÀº
EloahÀ̸ç, È÷ºê¸®¾î·Î 'ÇÏ´À´Ô'À̶ó´Â ¶æ)Àº [±¸¾à¼º¼]¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ´Ù.
ÁöÁ¸(ò¸ðî)À» ¶æÇÏ´Â '¿¤·ÎÈû'Àº ¸ð¾ÐÀεéÀÇ ½Å Äɸð½Ã,
½Ãµ·ÀεéÀÇ ¿©½Å ¾Æ½ºÅ¸¸£Å× °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ½ÅµéÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â µ¥
»ç¿ëµÇ±âµµ Çϰí, õ»ç¡¤¿Õ¡¤ÆÇ°ü([±¸¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ shofe im)¡¤¸Þ½Ã¾Æ
°°Àº À§¾öÀÖ´Â Á¸ÀçµéÀ» °¡¸®Å°±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸, [±¸¾à¼º¼]¿¡¼´Â ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̸§À» 'YHWH', Áï '¾ßÈÑ'·Î
°è½ÃÇÑ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
'¿¤·ÎÈû'À̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÌ '¾ßÈÑ'¸¦ °¡¸®Å³ °æ¿ì, ÀÚÁÖ Á¤°ü»ç 'ÇÏ'(ha-)¸¦
ºÙÀ̰ųª, ¶§·Î´Â ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ´õ¿í ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¹àÈ÷´Â 'ÇÏÀÓ'( ayyim)À̶ó´Â
´Ü¾î¸¦ ÷°¡ÇÏ¿© '»ì¾Æ °è½Å ÇÏ´À´Ô'(Elohim ayyim)À̶ó°í
¾´´Ù. |
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Though
Elohim is plural in form, it is understood in the singular sense. Thus, in
Genesis the words, "In the beginning God (Elohim) created the heavens and
the earth," Elohim is monotheistic in connotation, though its grammatical
structure seems polytheistic. The Israelites probably borrowed the Canaanite
plural noun Elohim and made it singular in meaning in their cultic practices and
theological reflections.
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'¿¤·ÎÈû'Àº ºñ·Ï ±× ÇüÅ´ º¹¼öÇüÀÌÁö¸¸ Àǹ̴Â
´Ü¼öÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î [â¼¼±â]ÀÇ "ÇÑ Ã³À½¿¡ ÇÏ´À´Ô(¿¤·ÎÈû)²²¼
Çϴðú ¶¥À» Áö¾î³»¼Ì´Ù"¶ó´Â ±¸Àý¿¡¼ '¿¤·ÎÈû'Àº ¹®¹ý
±¸Á¶»ó ´Ù½Å(Òýãê)À» ¶æÇÏ´Â µíÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× ¼Ó¶æÀº À¯ÀϽÅÀ»
°¡¸®Å²´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀεéÀº °¡³ª¾ÈÀε鿡°Ô¼ º¹¼öÇü ¸í»ç '¿¤·ÎÈû'À»
ºô·Á¿Í ¿¹¹èÀǽİú ½ÅÇп¡¼ ´Ü¼öÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÑ µíÇÏ´Ù. |
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[ ¸ð¼¼ ] [ ¹Ù¿ï ]
[ Ȩ ] [ À§·Î ] [ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ ] [ õÁÖ±³ ] [ µ¿¹æÁ¤±³È¸ ] [ °³½Å±³ ] [ õ³âÁöº¹½Å¾Ó ] [ À̴ܰú Á¤Åë ] [ Yahweh, Jehovah, YHWH - ¾ßÈÑ, ¿©È£¿Í ] [ Christianity ]
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