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Yahweh ¾ßÈÑ
Yahweh, the God of the Israelites, his name being revealed to Moses as four Hebrew consonants (YHWH) called the tetragrammaton. After the Exile (6th century BC), and especially from the 3rd century BC on, Jews ceased to use the name Yahweh for two reasons. As Judaism became a universal religion through its proselytizing in the Greco-Roman world, the more common noun elohim, meaning "god," tended to replace Yahweh to demonstrate the universal sovereignty of Israel's God over all others. At the same time, the divine name was increasingly regarded as too sacred to be uttered; it was thus replaced vocally in the synagogue ritual by the Hebrew word Adonai ("My Lord"), which was translated as Kyrios ("Lord") in the Septuagint, the Greek version of the Old Testament. (see also  Elohim) ¾ßÈÑ(¿©È£¿Í)´Â, À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ À̸§Àº ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô 4°³ÀÇ È÷ºê¸®¾î ÀÚÀ½(YHWH)À¸·Î °è½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ùºô·Ð À¯¼ö(BC 6¼¼±â)°¡ ³¡³­ µÚ, ƯÈ÷ BC 3¼¼±âºÎÅÍ À¯´ëÀεéÀº 2°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­ '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â À̸§À» ´õÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ù°, À¯´ë±³´Â ±×¸®½º¡¤·Î¸¶ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °³Á¾ÀÚµéÀ» ¾ò¾î º¸ÆíÁ¾±³°¡ µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ½Åµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÁÖ±ÇÀ» °®°í ÀÖÀ½À» °ú½ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ '½Å'À̶ó´Â ¶æÀ» Áö´Ñ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸í»ç ' ¿¤·ÎÈû'À» '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â À̸§ ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. µÑ°, ¾ßÈѶó´Â À̸§Àº ³Ê¹« °Å·èÇÏ¿© ¹ß¾ðÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ȸ´ç ¿¹¹è¿¡¼­´Â ¾Æµµ³ªÀÌ('³ªÀÇ ÁÖ')·Î ¹ßÀ½Çߴµ¥, [±¸¾à¼º¼­] ±×¸®½º¾î ¹ø¿ªº»ÀÎ 70ÀοªÀº ÀÌ ´Ü¾î¸¦ '۸®¿À½º'(ÁÖ)·Î ¹ø¿ªÇß´Ù.
The Masoretes, who from about the 6th to the 10th century worked to reproduce the original text of the Hebrew Bible, replaced the vowels of the name YHWH with the vowel signs of the Hebrew words Adonai or Elohim. Thus, the artificial name Jehovah (YeHoWaH) came into being. Although Christian scholars after the Renaissance and Reformation periods used the term Jehovah for YHWH, in the 19th and 20th centuries biblical scholars again began to use the form Yahweh. Early Christian writers, such as Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century, had used a form like Yahweh, and this pronunciation of the tetragrammaton was never really lost. Other Greek transcriptions also indicated that YHWH should be pronounced Yahweh. 6~10¼¼±â°æ¿¡ È÷ºê¸®¾î ¼º¼­ ¿øº»ÀÇ Àç°£Çà ÀÛ¾÷À» ¹úÀÎ ¸¶¼Ò¶ó ÇÐÀÚµéÀº 'YHWH'¶ó´Â À̸§À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¸ðÀ½µéÀ» È÷ºê¸®¾î '¾Æµµ³ªÀÌ' ¶Ç´Â '¿¤·ÎÈû'ÀÇ ¸ðÀ½ ºÎÈ£µé·Î ´ëÄ¡Çß´Ù. À̶§¹®¿¡ ' ¿©È£¿Í'(Jehovah, YeHoWaH)¶ó´Â ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ À̸§ÀÌ µîÀåÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸£³×»ó½º¿Í Á¾±³°³Çõ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀº '¾ßÈÑ' ´ë½Å '¿©È£¿Í'¶ó´Â À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇßÁö¸¸, 19~20¼¼±â ¼º¼­ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ´Ù½Ã ¾ßÈѶó´Â À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. 2¼¼±â ¾Ë·º»êµå¸®¾ÆÀÇ Å¬·¹¸à½º °°Àº Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµ±³ ÀúÀÚµéÀº '¾ßÈÑ'¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ À½¿ªÇüŸ¦ »ç¿ëÇß°í, ÀÌ 4±ÛÀÚ(YHWH)¸¦ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Â °üÇàÀº ±×µÚ·Îµµ ¾ø¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ±×¸®½º¾î Çʻ纻µéµµ 'YHWH'¸¦ '¾ßÈÑ'·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.
The meaning of the personal name of the Israelite God has been variously interpreted. Many scholars believe that the most proper meaning may be "He Brings Into Existence Whatever Exists" (Yahweh-Asher-Yahweh). In I Samuel, God is known by the name Yahweh Teva-'ot, or "He Brings the Hosts Into Existence," the hosts possibly referring to the heavenly court or to Israel. À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ Áö´Ï´Â ÀÌ °íÀ¯ÇÑ À̸§Àº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÇ¹Ì·Î ÇØ¼®µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù. ¸¹Àº ÇÐÀÚµéÀº '±×´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¸ÀçÄÉ ÇÑ´Ù'(Yahweh-Asher-Yahweh)´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå Á¤È®ÇÑ ¶æÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. [»ç¹«¿¤ »ó]¿¡¼­ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀº ¾ßÈÑ Å×¹Ù¿ÀÆ®(Yahweh Teva-ot), Áï '±×´Â ¸¸±º(Ø¿ÏÚ)À» Á¸ÀçÄÉ ÇÑ´Ù'´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁö´Âµ¥, ¿©±â¼­ '¸¸±º'Àº ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ ¶Ç´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤À» °¡¸®Å°´Â µíÇÏ´Ù. 

The personal name of God probably was known long before the time of Moses. The name of Moses' mother was Jochebed (Yokheved), a word based on the name Yahweh. Thus, the tribe of Levi, to which Moses belonged, probably knew the name Yahweh, which originally may have been (in its short form Yo, Yah, or Yahu) a religious invocation of no precise meaning evoked by the mysterious and awesome splendour of the manifestation of the holy.

ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ÀÌ °íÀ¯ÇÑ À̸§Àº ¸ð¼¼ ½Ã´ë ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï À̸§Àº '¿ä°Ôºª'Àε¥, À̰ÍÀº '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â À̸§¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÐ À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸ð¼¼°¡ ¼ÓÇß´ø ·¹À§ ÁöÆÄ´Â '¾ßÈÑ'¶ó´Â À̸§À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ À̸§Àº ¿ø·¡ 'Yo, Yah, Yahu¶ó´Â ªÀº ÇüÅ·Î' ½Åºñ½º·´°í µÎ·Á¿î ±¤Ã¤¿¡ ¾ÐµµµÇ¾î Ưº°ÇÑ ¶æ¾øÀÌ ½ÅÀ» ºÎ¸£´Â ¸»À̾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

Elohim ¿¤·ÎÈû
Elohim, singular ELOAH (Hebrew: God), the God of Israel in the Old Testament. A plural of majesty, the term Elohim--though sometimes used for other deities, such as the Moabite god Chemosh, the Sidonian goddess Astarte, and also for other majestic beings such as angels, kings, judges (the Old Testament shofetim), and the Messiah--is usually employed in the Old Testament for the one and only God of Israel, whose personal name was revealed to Moses as YHWH, or Yahweh. When referring to Yahweh, elohim very often is accompanied by the article ha-, to mean, in combination, "the God," and sometimes with a further identification Elohim hayyim, meaning "the living God." ¿¤·ÎÈû(Elohim, ´Ü¼öÇüÀº EloahÀ̸ç, È÷ºê¸®¾î·Î 'ÇÏ´À´Ô'À̶ó´Â ¶æ)Àº [±¸¾à¼º¼­]¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ´Ù. ÁöÁ¸(ò¸ðî)À» ¶æÇÏ´Â '¿¤·ÎÈû'Àº ¸ð¾ÐÀεéÀÇ ½Å Äɸð½Ã, ½Ãµ·ÀεéÀÇ ¿©½Å ¾Æ½ºÅ¸¸£Å× °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ½ÅµéÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ±âµµ Çϰí, õ»ç¡¤¿Õ¡¤ÆÇ°ü([±¸¾à¼º¼­]ÀÇ shofeim)¡¤¸Þ½Ã¾Æ °°Àº À§¾öÀÖ´Â Á¸ÀçµéÀ» °¡¸®Å°±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸, [±¸¾à¼º¼­]¿¡¼­´Â ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̸§À» 'YHWH', Áï '¾ßÈÑ'·Î °è½ÃÇÑ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. '¿¤·ÎÈû'À̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÌ '¾ßÈÑ'¸¦ °¡¸®Å³ °æ¿ì, ÀÚÁÖ Á¤°ü»ç 'ÇÏ'(ha-)¸¦ ºÙÀ̰ųª, ¶§·Î´Â ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ´õ¿í ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¹àÈ÷´Â 'ÇÏÀÓ'(ayyim)À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ÷°¡ÇÏ¿© '»ì¾Æ °è½Å ÇÏ´À´Ô'(Elohim ayyim)À̶ó°í ¾´´Ù. 
Though Elohim is plural in form, it is understood in the singular sense. Thus, in Genesis the words, "In the beginning God (Elohim) created the heavens and the earth," Elohim is monotheistic in connotation, though its grammatical structure seems polytheistic. The Israelites probably borrowed the Canaanite plural noun Elohim and made it singular in meaning in their cultic practices and theological reflections. '¿¤·ÎÈû'Àº ºñ·Ï ±× ÇüÅ´ º¹¼öÇüÀÌÁö¸¸ Àǹ̴ ´Ü¼öÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î [â¼¼±â]ÀÇ "ÇÑ Ã³À½¿¡ ÇÏ´À´Ô(¿¤·ÎÈû)²²¼­ Çϴðú ¶¥À» Áö¾î³»¼Ì´Ù"¶ó´Â ±¸Àý¿¡¼­ '¿¤·ÎÈû'Àº ¹®¹ý ±¸Á¶»ó ´Ù½Å(Òýãê)À» ¶æÇÏ´Â µíÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× ¼Ó¶æÀº À¯ÀϽÅÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀεéÀº °¡³ª¾ÈÀε鿡°Ô¼­ º¹¼öÇü ¸í»ç '¿¤·ÎÈû'À» ºô·Á¿Í ¿¹¹èÀǽİú ½ÅÇп¡¼­ ´Ü¼öÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÑ µíÇÏ´Ù.
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