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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BO
REICKE, The New Testament Era
(1968, reissued 1978; originally published in German, 1964); ANTHONY E.
HARVEY, Jesus and the Constraints of
History (1982), a study of the constraints imposed on Jesus by
contemporary conditions.
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Valuable
surveys of premodern material are provided by ROBERT M. GRANT, The Earliest Lives of Jesus (1961), for the early patristic period;
and HARVEY K. McARTHUR, The Quest
Through the Centuries (1966), especially for the 14th and 16th
centuries. Modern historical study of the Gospels dates from the 18th
century and was characterized in the 19th and early 20th centuries by the
Life-of-Jesus movement. The literature is authoritatively surveyed in ALBERT
SCHWEITZER, The Quest of the
Historical Jesus (1910, reissued 1968; originally published in German,
1906); and C.C. McCOWN, The Search for
the Real Jesus (1940). JOHN F. O'GRADY, Models
of Jesus (1981); and JOHN FERGUSON, Jesus
in the Tide of Time: A Historical Study (1980), are studies of
interpretations of Jesus in different ages and cultures. MAURICE GOGUEL, The Life of Jesus (1933, reissued 1976; originally published in
French, 1932), is a biography especially valuable for the inclusion of
detailed evidence frequently assumed in subsequent works. JOSEPH KLAUSNER, Jesus
of Nazareth (1925, reissued 1979; originally published in Hebrew, 1922),
remains important for its collection of relevant rabbinic materials. SHIRLEY
J. CASE, Jesus: A New Biography
(1927, reprinted 1968), in spite of its title, is a socio-historical
treatment of the subject. Other lives include VINCENT TAYLOR, The
Life and Ministry of Jesus (1954); ETHELBERT STAUFFER, Jesus
and His Story (1960, originally published in German, 1957); and DAVID
FLUSSER, Jesus (1969; originally
published in German, 1968). The first half of the 20th century witnessed a
marked decline in the appearance of biographies and studies of the
historical Jesus. Several factors contributed to the decline, of which the
most important was the rise of form criticism in the first quarter of the
century as exemplified in MARTIN DIBELIUS, From
Tradition to Gospel (1934, reissued 1971; trans. of the rev. 2nd German
ed., 1933); and RUDOLF BULTMANN, The
History of the Synoptic Tradition, rev. ed. (1968, reissued 1972;
originally published in German, 1921). Bultmann's Jesus
and the Word (1934, reissued 1958; originally published in German, 1926)
presents a so-called encounter with the message of Jesus but without sharp
differentiation of that message from the church's "earliest
tradition." The period 1950-70 produced a resurgence of interest in the
historical Jesus. Stimulus for the resurgence is often credited to a paper
by ERNST KASEMANN, "The Problem of the Historical Jesus," in W.J.
MONTAGUE (trans.), Essays on New Testament Themes (1964). The "new quest," as
it came to be called after JAMES M. ROBINSON, A New Quest of the Historical Jesus (1959, reissued 1983), arose as
a question concerning continuity between Jesus and his message, on the one
hand, and the early church's proclamation of Christ, on the other. Some of
the alternative positions concerning the possibility of a biography of Jesus
may be seen in CARL E. BRAATEN and ROY A. HARRISVILLE (eds.), The Historical Jesus and the Kerygmatic Christ (1964), a collection
of essays by major figures. Distinctive positions are to be found in ERNST
FUCHS, Studies of the Historical Jesus
(1964; originally published in German, 1964); JOHN KNOX, The Church and the Reality of Christ (1962); HUGH ANDERSON, Jesus
and Christian Origins (1964); LEANDER E. KECK, A
Future for the Historical Jesus (1971, reissued 1981); FREDERICK F.
BRUCE, Jesus and Christian Origins
Outside the New Testament (1974), an annotated list of sources; JAMES P.
MACKEY, Jesus, the Man and the Myth: A
Contemporary Christology (1979); GEORGE VERMES, Jesus
the Jew: a Historian's Reading of the Gospels (1974), the thesis that
Jesus was a Galilean Hasid; and EDWARD SCHILLEBEECKX, Jesus: An Experiment in Christology (1979; originally published in
Dutch, 1975), a review and interpretation of modern scholarship. Accurate
popular presentations are in HEINZ ZAHRNT, The
Historical Jesus (1963; originally published in German, 1960); and in
the moderately conservative JOACHIM JEREMIAS, The
Problem of the Historical Jesus (1964, reissued 1972; originally
published in German, 1960). The entire trend of Gospel study since the rise
of form criticism is challenged by BIRGER GERHARDSSON in Memory and Manuscript (1961), who argues that Jesus himself taught
his disciples, in the manner of a Jewish rabbi, to memorize and transmit
traditions in a fixed form. J. ARTHUR BAIRD, Audience Criticism and the Historical Jesus (1969), explores the use
of the computer in literary analysis but is somewhat ambiguous with respect
to total historical methodology. A standard study is GÜNTHER BORNKAMM, Jesus
of Nazareth (1960, reissued 1975; originally published in German, 1956).
ROLAND H. BAINTON, Behold the Christ (1974), discusses works of art representative of
various interpretations of Christ.
Many of
the titles listed in the preceding section include discussions of the
teachings of Jesus. NORMAN PERRIN, Rediscovering
the Teaching of Jesus (1967, reissued 1976), is an important technical
introduction. THOMAS W. MANSON, The
Sayings of Jesus (1949, reissued 1979), is a valuable commentary on the
so-called Q material. Since JOHANNES WEISS, Jesus'
Proclamation of the Kingdom of God (1971; originally published in
German, 1892), it has been recognized that the eschatological Kingdom of God
was the centre of Jesus' message. Whether the message implied a wholly
futuristic expectation, a "realized" eschatology, or a future
kingdom with present manifestations is still discussed. Convenient summaries
of alternative interpretations are presented in NORMAN PERRIN, The Kingdom of God in the Teaching of Jesus (1963; reissued 1975);
and GÖSTA LUNDSTRÖM, The
Kingdom of God in the Teaching of Jesus (1963; originally published in
Swedish, 1947). Perrin's work also includes a survey of interpretations of
the phrase "Son of man" and other titles related to Jesus'
vocation. Representative modern studies include WERNER G. KÜMMEL, Promise
and Fulfillment (1957; originally published in German, 1945); RUDOLF
SCHNACKENBURG, God's Rule and Kingdom
(1963; originally published in German, 1959); GEORGE ELDON LADD, Jesus
and the Kingdom (1964), written from a conservative perspective; and
H.E. TÖDT, The Son of Man in the Synoptic Tradition (1965; originally published
in German, 1959). Modern investigation of the parables derives from C.H.
DODD, The Parables of the Kingdom,
rev. ed. (1961). A definitive work is JOACHIM JEREMIAS, The Parables of Jesus, 3rd rev. ed. (1972; originally published in
German, 1947). DAN O. VIA, The
Parables (1967, reissued 1977), is one of several books in which
literary critical insights are employed to advance interpretation beyond
strictly historical critical study. ETA LINNEMANN, Jesus
of the Parables (1967; originally published in German, 1961), advances
views along the lines proposed by Ernst Fuchs. MARTIN DIBELIUS, The Sermon on the Mount (1940); HANS WINDISCH, The Meaning of the Sermon on the Mount (1951; originally published
in German, 1929); and WILLIAM D. DAVIES, The
Setting of the Sermon on the Mount (1964, reissued 1976), offer varying
interpretations of the most familiar body of Jesus' teaching. See also MILAN
MACHOVEC, A Marxist Looks at
Jesus (1976; originally published in German, 1972), a sympathetic study;
JON SOBRINO, Christology at the
Crossroads: A Latin American Approach (1978; originally published in
Spanish, 1976), representative of "liberation theology"; ROSEMARY
R. RUETHER, To Change the World:
Christology and Cultural Criticism (1981), a feminist Christology;
CHARLES B. KETCHAM, A Theology of
Encounter: The Ontological Ground for a New Christology (1978), an
existentialist's Christology; and RUSSEL PREGEANT, Christology
Beyond Dogma (1978), a hermeneutical study of Matthew.
EDUARD
LOHSE, History of the Suffering and
Death of Jesus Christ (1967; originally published in German, 1964),
provides a convenient overview of the problems. Of the massive literature on
the trial and Crucifixion, JOSEPH BLINZLER, The
Trial of Jesus (1959; trans. from 2nd rev. German ed., 1955); and PAUL
WINTER, On the Trial of Jesus, 2nd
ed. (1974), have been very influential. The range of scholarly opinion about
the trial is well represented by eight responsible essays in Judaism, 20:6-74 (1971).
REGINALD
H. FULLER, The Mission and Achievement
of Jesus (1954, reissued 1967), and The
Foundations of New Testament Christology (1965), partly because of the
author's shift in viewpoint, exhibit a range of opinion on the relation of
Jesus' sense of vocation to the church's Christology. A more difficult study
is that of FERDINAND HAHN, The Titles
of Jesus in Christology (1969; originally published in German,
1963).
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¿¹¼ö±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼ö³»ç(Çö´ë½Å¼ 150) : Eduard Lohse,
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ºÐµµÃâÆÇ»ç, 1980
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üØïÌúÌ̳, ¼³²µ¿ ¿ª, ´ëÇѱ⵶±³¼È¸, 1976
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Çö´ë»ç»ó»ç, 1975
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Jesus and the Constraints of History : Anthony E. Harvey, 1982
Behold the Christ : Roland H. Bainton, 1974
The New Testament Era : Bo Reicke, 1968 (reissued 1978)
Rediscovering the Teaching of Jesus : Norman Perrin, 1967
(reissued 1976)
The Problem of the Historical Jesus : Joachim Jeremias, 1964
(reissued 1972)
The Kingdom of God in the Teaching of Jesus : Norman Perrin,
1963 (reissued 1975)
The Mission and Achievement of Jesus : Reginald H. Fuller, 1954
(reissued 1967)
The Sayings of Jesus : Thomas W. Manson, 1949 (reissued 1979)
The Life of Jesus : Maurice Goguel, 1933 (reissued 1976)
Jesus£ºA New Biography : Shirley J. Case, 1927 (reprinted 1968)
Jesus of Nazareth : Joseph Klausner, 1925 (reissued 1979)
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