|
Jesus Christ
|
¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ
|
|
|
| I.
Introduction
II. The
gospel tradition
SOURCES
Non-Christian
sources.
Christian
sources.
The
Pauline Letters.
The
Gospels.
TIMES
AND ENVIRONMENT
Political
conditions.
Religious
conditions.
The
Pharisees.
The
Sadducees.
The
scribes.
The
Zealots.
The
Essenes.
THE
LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS
The
birth and family.
The
birth of Jesus.
The
family of Jesus.
The
ministry.
The
role of John the Baptist.
The
beginning of the ministry.
The
calling of the disciples.
The
Galilean period.
THE
MESSAGE OF JESUS
The
Kingdom of God.
The
will of God.
THE
SUFFERINGS AND DEATH OF JESUS IN JERUSALEM
THE
STORY OF JESUS AND FAITH IN JESUS
|
I.
¼·Ð
¡¡
II.
º¹À½
Àü½Â
¡¡
ÀÚ·á
ºñ±âµ¶±³
ÀÚ·áµé.
±âµ¶±³
ÀÚ·áµé.
¹Ù¿ïÀÇ
ÆíÁöµé.
º¹À½¼.
½Ã´ë¿Í
ÁÖº¯ ¼¼°è
Á¤Ä¡Àû
»óȲ.
Á¾±³Àû
»óȲ.
¹Ù¸®»õ
ÆÄ.
»çµÎ°³
ÆÄ.
À²¹ýÇÐÀÚµé.
¿½É´ç.
¿¡¼¼³×
ÆÄ.
¿¹¼öÀÇ
»î°ú »ç¿ª
ź»ý°ú
°¡Á·.
¿¹¼öÀÇ
»ý.
¿¹¼öÀÇ
°¡Á·.
»ç¿ª.
¼¼·Ê¿äÇÑÀÇ
¿ªÇÒ.
»ç¿ªÀÇ
½ÃÀÛ.
Á¦ÀÚµéÀ»
ºÎ¸§.
°¥¸±¸®
½Ã±â.
¿¹¼öÀÇ
¸»¾¸
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
³ª¶ó.
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¶æ.
¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡¼
¿¹¼öÀÇ ¼ö³°ú Á×À½
¿¹¼ö
À̾߱â¿Í ¿¹¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾Ó |
| III.
The
picture of Christ in the early church: The Apostles' Creed
¡¡
PREEXISTENCE
Jesus
Christ.
God's
only son.
The
Lord.
INCARNATION
AND HUMILIATION
Conceived
by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary.
Suffered
under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried.
He
descended into hell.
GLORIFICATION
The
third day he rose again from the dead.
He
ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the father
almighty.
From
thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.
|
III.
ÃʱⱳȸÀÇ
±×¸®½ºµµ»ó( »çµµ½Å°æ)
¼±Àç
¿¹¼ö
±×¸®½ºµµ.
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
µ¶»ýÀÚ.
ÁÖ.
¼ºÀ°½Å°ú
°âÇã
¼º·ÉÀ¸·Î
À×ÅÂÇÏ»ç µ¿Á¤³à ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡°Ô¼ ³ª½Ã°í.
º»Æ¼¿À
ºô¶óµµ¿¡°Ô °í³À» ¹ÞÀ¸»ç ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸ø¹ÚÇô Á×À¸½Ã°í
Àå»çÇÑ Áö.
±×´Â
Áö¿Á¿¡ ³»·Á°¡½Ã¸ç.
¿µÈ
»çÈê
¸¸¿¡ Á×ÀºÀÚ °¡¿îµ¥¼ ´Ù½Ã »ì¾Æ³ª½Ã¸ç.
Çϴÿ¡
¿À¸£»ç Àü´ÉÇϽŠÇÏ´À´Ô ¿ìÆí¿¡ ¾É¾Æ °è½Ã´Ù°¡.
Àú¸®·Î¼
»ê ÀÚ¿Í Á×Àº ÀÚ¸¦ ½ÉÆÇÇÏ·¯ ¿À½Ã¸®¶ó. |
IV.
The
dogma of Christ in the ancient councils
¡¡
THE
COUNCILS OF NICAEA AND CONSTANTINOPLE
Early
heresies.
Nicaea.
Constantinople.
THE
COUNCILS OF EPHESUS AND CHALCEDON
The
parties.
The
settlement at Chalcedon.
|
IV.
°í´ë
°øÀÇȸÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ ±³¸®
´ÏÄɾÆ
°øÀÇȸ¿Í ÄܽºÅºÆ¼³ëÇà °øÀÇȸ
ÃʱâÀÇ
À̴ܵé.
´ÏÄɾÆ
°øÀÇȸ.
ÄܽºÅºÆ¼³ëÇÃ
°øÀÇȸ.
¿¡Æä¼Ò½º
°øÀÇȸ¿Í Ä®Äɵ· °øÀÇȸ
´çÆÄµé.
Ä®Äɵ·
°øÀÇȸÀÇ ÇØ°á. |
|
V.
The
interpretation of Christ in Western faith and thought
¡¡
DOCTRINES
OF THE PERSON AND WORK OF CHRIST
The
medieval development.
The
Reformation and classical Protestantism.
THE
DEBATE OVER CHRISTOLOGY IN MODERN CHRISTIAN THOUGHT
Origins
of the debate.
The
19th century.
The
20th century.
|
V.
¼¹æ
½Å¾Ó°ú »ç»ó¿¡¼ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ ÇØ¼®
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
À§°Ý°ú »ç¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³¸®
Áß¼¼ÀÇ
¹ßÀü.
Á¾±³°³Çõ°ú
°íÀüÀû ÇÁ·ÎÅ×½ºÅºÆ¼Áò.
Çö´ë
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ »ç»óÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ·Ð ³íÀï
³íÀïÀÇ
±â¿øµé.
19
¼¼±â.
20
¼¼±â. |
|
VI.
Bibliography
Times and environment:
The life and ministry of Jesus:
The message of Jesus:
The sufferings and death of Jesus:
The story of Jesus and faith in Jesus:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ÃʱⱳȸÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ»ó(
»çµµ½Å°æ)
|
| Even
before the Gospels were
written, Christians were reflecting upon the meaning of what Jesus had been
and what he had said and done. It is a mistake, therefore, to suppose that
such reflection is a later accretion upon the simple message of the Gospels.
On the contrary, the early Christian communities were engaged in witness and
worship from the very beginning. The forms of that witness and worship were
also the forms of the narratives in the Gospel accounts. From this fact it
follows that to understand the Gospel accounts regarding Jesus we must
consider the faith of the
early church regarding Christ. In this sense it is valid to maintain that
there is no distinction between "the Jesus of history" and
"the Christ of faith," and that the only way to get at the former
is by the latter. Christology,
the doctrine about Christ, is then as old as Christianity itself.
|
º¹À½¼µéÀÌ ¾º¾îÁö±â ÀÌÀü¿¡µµ, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀεéÀº ¿¹¼ö°¡
¾î¶² »ç¶÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç, ¹«½¼ ¸»À» Çß°í ¾î¶»°Ô ÇൿÇß´ÂÁö¿¡
´ëÇØ ¼ºÂûÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×·± ¼ºÂûÀÌ Èı⿡
º¹À½¼ÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¸»¾¸¿¡ ÷°¡µÈ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
À߸øÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµ±³µµ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â óÀ½ºÎÅÍ
Áõ¾ð°ú ¿¹¹è¿¡ Âü°¡ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±× Áõ¾ð¡¤¿¹¹èÀÇ Çü½ÄÀÌ
º¹À½¼¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼³È Çü½ÄÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç½Ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ì¸®´Â
¿¹¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹À½¼ ³»¿ëµéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡
´ëÇÑ Ãʱ⠱³È¸ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¼÷°íÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Àǹ̿¡¼ '¿ª»çÀÇ
¿¹¼ö'¿Í '½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ' »çÀÌÀÇ ±¸º°ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í°ú
ÀüÀÚ¿¡ À̸£´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±æÀº ÈÄÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼¶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀÌ
Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ·ÐÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ÀÚü¸¸Å ¿À·¡µÈ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
|
| To
comprehend the faith of the early church regarding Christ, we must turn to
the writings of the New Testament,
where that faith found embodiment. It was also embodied in brief confessions
or creeds, but these have
not been preserved for us complete in their original form. What we have are
fragments of those confessions or creeds in various books of the New
Testament, snatches from them in other early Christian documents, and later
forms of them in Christian theology and liturgy. The so-called Apostles'
Creed is one such later form. It did not achieve its present form until
quite late; just how late is a matter of controversy. But in its earliest
ancestry it is very early indeed, perhaps dating back to the 1st century.
And its confession regarding Christ is probably the earliest core, around
which later elaborations of it were composed. Allowing for such later
elaboration, we may say that in the Apostles' Creed we have a convenient
summary of what the early church believed about Christ amid all the variety
of its expression and formulation. The creeds were a way for Christians to
explain what they meant by their acts of worship. When they put "I
believe" or "We believe" at the head of what they confessed
about God and Christ, they meant that their declarations rested upon faith,
not merely upon observation.
|
±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃʱⱳȸÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ
ÃʱâÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â [½Å¾à¼º¼]·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀº ªÀº ½Å¾Ó°í¹éÀ̳ª ½ÅÁ¶µé ¼Ó¿¡ ±¸ÇöµÇ¾úÁö¸¸,
º»·¡ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇüÅ´ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀüÇØÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº [½Å¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ ¿©·¯ Ã¥µé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
½Å¾Ó°í¹éµé°ú ½ÅÁ¶µéÀÇ ´ÜÆíÀ̰í, Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµ±³µµÀÇ
¹®¼µé¿¡¼ ÃëÇÑ °ÍµéÀ̸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ½ÅÇаú Àü·Ê¿¡
³»Æ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Èıâ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ½Å¾Ó°í¹é°ú ½ÅÁ¶µéÀÇ ´ÜÆíÀÌ´Ù.
»çµµ½Å°æÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ Èıâ ÇüÅÂÀ̸ç, ±× ±â¿øÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ 1¼¼±â±îÁö
°Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »çµµ½Å°æÀº Ãʱ⠽žӰí¹éÀÇ
ÇÙ½ÉÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç À̰ÍÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÈıâÀÇ Ç¥ÇöµéÀÌ ±¸¼ºµÇ¾úÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ãʱ⠱³È¸ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ç¥Çö°ú Çü½Ä °¡¿îµ¥¼ Ãʱâ
±³È¸°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ °üÇØ ¹Ï¾ú´ø ¿äÁ¡À» »çµµ½Å°æ¿¡¼
¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÅÁ¶µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ±³µµµéÀÇ ¿¹¹èÇàÀ§ÀÇ
ÀϺο´À¸¸ç ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´ÂÁö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ
ÇÏ´À´Ô°ú ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾Ó°í¹éÀÇ ¼µÎ¿¡ "³ª´Â(¶Ç´Â
¿ì¸®´Â) ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù"¶ó°í ÇÒ ¶§, ±× ¼±¾ðÀÌ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ
°ÍÀÌÁö, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ °üÂû¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇß´Ù. |
|
|
¼±Àç
|
| The
statement "I believe" also indicated that Christ was deserving of
worship and faith, and that he was therefore on a level with God. At an
early date, possibly as early as the words of Paul in Phil. 2:6-11,
Christian theology began to distinguish three stages in the career of Jesus
Christ: his preexistence with the Father before all things; his Incarnation
and humiliation in "the days of His flesh" (Heb. 5:7), and his
glorification, beginning with the Resurrection and continuing forever. (see
also Index: Pauline
letters)
|
"³»°¡ ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù"¶ó´Â Áø¼úÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸¶¶¥È÷
¿¹¹è¹ÞÀ» ´ë»óÀ̸ç, µû¶ó¼ ±×´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô°ú µ¿±ÞÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ»
¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. [Çʸ³ºñÀε鿡°Ô º¸³½ ÆíÁö] 2Àå 6~11ÀýÀÇ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ
¸»Ã³·³ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½ÅÇÐÀº ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °æ·ÂÀ» 3´Ü°è·Î
±¸º°Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¸¸¹° ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÑ ±×ÀÇ
¼±Àç(à»î¤), ¼ºÀ°½Å°ú °âÇã(È÷ºê 5 : 7), ºÎȰ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©
¿µ¿øÈ÷ °è¼ÓµÇ´Â ±×ÀÇ ¿µÈ°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
| Probably
the most celebrated statement of the preexistence of Christ is the opening
verses of the Gospel of St. John. Here Christ is identified as the
incarnation of the Word (Logos)
through which God made all things in the beginning, a Word existing in
relation to God before the creation. The sources of this doctrine have been
sought in Greek philosophy, both early and late, as well as in the Jewish
thought of Philo and of the Palestinian rabbis. Whatever its source, the
doctrine of the Logos in John is distinctive by virtue of the fact that it
identifies the Logos with a specific historical person. Other writings of
the New Testament also illustrate the faith of the early Christians
regarding the preexistence of Christ. The opening chapters of both
Colossians and Hebrews speak of Christ as the preexistent one through whom
all things were created, therefore as distinct from the created order of
things in both time and preeminence; the preposition "before" in
Col. 1:17 apparently refers both to his temporal priority and to his
superior dignity. Yet before any theological reflection about the nature of
this preexistence had been able to find terms and concepts, the early
Christians were worshipping Christ as divine. Phil. 2:6-11 may be a
quotation from a hymn used in such worship. Theological reflection told them
that if this worship was legitimate, he must have existed with the Father
"before all ages." (see also Index:
John, Gospel According to)
|
¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼±Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø Áø¼úÀº
[¿äÇÑÀÇ º¹À½¼] ¼¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»¾¸(·Î°í½º)ÀÇ
¼ºÀ°½ÅÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀϽõǰí, ¸»¾¸À» ÅëÇØ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀº ÅÂÃÊ¿¡
¸¸¹°À» âÁ¶Çß°í, ¸»¾¸Àº âÁ¶ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÇÏ´À´Ô°ú ÇÔ²²
Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ±³¸®ÀÇ ±Ù°ÅÀÚ·áµéÀº Çʷγª ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ
¶øºñµéÀÇ À¯´ëÀû »ç°í¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±×¸®½º öÇп¡¼
¿Ô´Ù. ±× ÀÚ·áµéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö °£¿¡, ¿äÇÑÀÇ ·Î°í½º
±³¸®´Â ·Î°í½º¸¦ Ư¼öÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû Àι°°ú µ¿ÀϽÃÇß´Ù´Â
Á¡¿¡¼ ƯÀÌÇÏ´Ù. [½Å¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÀúÀ۵鵵
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼±Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµ±³ÀεéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ»
º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. [°ñ·Î»çÀÌÀε鿡°Ô º¸³½ ÆíÁö]¡¤[È÷ºê¸®Àε鿡°Ô
º¸³½ ÆíÁö]ÀÇ Ã¹ Àåµµ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸¸¹°ÀÌ Ã¢Á¶µÇ±â
ÀüºÎÅÍ ¼±ÀçÇß´ø ÀÚÀ̸ç, µû¶ó¼ ½Ã°£°ú Ź¿ù¼º¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
âÁ¶µÈ »ç¹°µéÀÇ Áú¼·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸º°µÇ´Â µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÀÚ·Î
¸»ÇÑ´Ù. [°ñ·Î»çÀÌÀε鿡°Ô º¸³½ ÆíÁö] 1Àå 17ÀýÀÇ '¾Õ¼'¶ó´Â
¸»Àº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ±×ÀÇ ½Ã°£Àû ¼±À缺°ú ¿ì¿ùÇÑ Á¸¾ö¼ºÀ»
¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼±Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÅÇÐÀû ¼ºÂû¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé
´Ü¾î¿Í °³³äÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϱâ ÀÌÀüÀÇ Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµ±³ÀεéÀº
±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ¸·Î ¿¹¹èµå¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. [Çʸ³ºñÀε鿡°Ô
º¸³½ ÆíÁö] 2Àå 6~11ÀýÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×·± ¿¹¹è¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ
Âù¼ÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀοëµÈ µíÇÏ´Ù. ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ ¼ºÂûÀº ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ
¿¹¹è°¡ ÇÕ´çÇÏ´Ù¸é ±×´Â '¸ðµç ½Ã´ë ÀÌÀü¿¡' ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í
ÇÔ²² Á¸ÀçÇßÀ½ÀÌ Æ²¸²¾ø´Ù°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. |
|
|
¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ
|
| By the
time the text of the creed was established, this was the usual designation
for the Saviour. Originally, of course, "Jesus" had been his given
name, meaning "Yahweh saves," or "Yahweh will save" (see
Matt. 1:21), while "Christ" was the Greek translation of the title
"Messiah." Some passages of the New Testament still used
"Christ" as a title (e.g., Luke
24:26; II John 7), but it is evident from Paul's usage that the title became
simply a proper name very early. Most of the Gentiles took it to be a proper
name, and it was as "Christians" that the early believers were
labelled (Acts 11:26). In the most precise language, the term
"Jesus" was reserved for the earthly career of the Lord; but it
seems from liturgical sources that it may actually have been endowed with
greater solemnity than the name "Christ." Within a few years after
the beginnings of the Christian movement, Jesus, Christ, Jesus Christ, and
Christ Jesus could be used almost interchangeably, as the textual variants
in the New Testament indicate. Only in modern times has it become customary
to distinguish sharply among them for the sake of drawing a line between the
Jesus of history and the Christ of faith, and this only in certain circles.
The theologians and people of many churches still use phrases like "the
life of Christ," because "Christ" is primarily a name. It is
difficult to imagine how it could be otherwise when the Old Testament
implications of the title have become a secondary consideration in its
use--a process already evident within the New Testament.
|
½ÅÁ¶ÀÇ º»¹®ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³À» ¶§ À̰ÍÀº ±¸¼¼ÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Åë»óÀûÀÎ ÁöĪÀ̾ú´Ù. º»·¡ '¿¹¼ö'´Â ±×ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î '¾ßÈѰ¡
±¸¿øÇÑ´Ù' ¶Ç´Â '¾ßÈѰ¡ ±¸¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù'(¸¶Å 1 : 21)¸¦
ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é '±×¸®½ºµµ'´Â '¸Þ½Ã¾Æ' Īȣ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
±×¸®½º¾î ¹ø¿ªÀ̾ú´Ù. [½Å¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ ¾î¶² ±¸ÀýµéÀº '±×¸®½ºµµ'¸¦
Īȣ·Î »ç¿ëÇßÁö¸¸(´©°¡ 24 : 26, ¥± ¿äÇÑ 7), ±× Īȣ°¡
¸Å¿ì ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ °íÀ¯¸í»ç°¡ µÇ¾úÀ½À» ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ
¿ë·Ê·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç À̹æÀεéÀº ±×°ÍÀ»
°íÀ¯¸í»ç·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´°í, Ãʱ⠽ÅÀÚµéÀº '±×¸®½ºµµÀÎ'À¸·Î
ºÒ·È´Ù(»çµµ 11 : 26). ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼ '¿¹¼ö'¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â
ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ Áö»ó °æ·ÂÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
Àü·ÊÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ½ÇÁ¦·Î '±×¸®½ºµµ'¶ó´Â À̸§º¸´Ùµµ
¿¹¼ö¶ó´Â À̸§¿¡ ´õ¿í Å« Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©Çß´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÈ Áö ¾ó¸¶ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ [½Å¾à¼º¼]
³»ÀÇ º»¹®ÀÇ º¯ÇüÀÌ °¡¸®Å°µíÀÌ ¿¹¼ö, ±×¸®½ºµµ, ¿¹¼ö
±×¸®½ºµµ, ±×¸®½ºµµ ¿¹¼ö°¡ °ÅÀÇ º´¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. Çö´ë¿¡
¿Í¼ ¿ª»çÀû ¿¹¼ö¿Í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ °ü½ÀÀûÀ¸·Î
¿¹¹ÎÇÏ°Ô ±¸ºÐÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀϺÎ
Áý´Üµé¿¡¼¸¸ ±×·¯Çß´Ù. ¸¹Àº ±³È¸ÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé°ú
±³ÀεéÀº '±×¸®½ºµµ'¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© '±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
»ý¾Ö'¿Í °°Àº ¹®±¸µéÀ» ¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
Īȣ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ [±¸¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ Àǹ̵éÀ» °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é
±× Īȣ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù¸¥ ÇüŰ¡ µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö »ó»óÇÏ±â ¾î·Æ´Ù. |
|
|
ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ µ¶»ýÀÚ
|
| The
declaration that Jesus Christ is the son of God is one of the most universal
in the New Testament, most of whose books refer to him that way. The Gospels
do not quote him as using the title for himself in so many words, although
sayings like Matt. 11:27 come close to it. There are some instances where
the usage of the Gospels appears to echo the more general implications of
divine sonship in the Old Testament as a prerogative of Israel or of the
true believer. Usually, however, it is evident that the evangelists, like
Paul, meant some special honour by the name. The evangelists associated the
honour with the story of Jesus' baptism (Matt. 3:17) and transfiguration
(Matt. 17:5), Paul with the faith in the Resurrection (Rom. 1:4). From this
association some have argued that "Son
of God" in the New Testament never referred to the preexistence
of Christ. But it is clear in John and in Paul that this implication was not
absent, even though it was not as prominent as it became soon thereafter.
What made the implication of preexistence more prominent in later Christian
use of the term "Son of God" was the clarification of the doctrine
of the Trinity, where "Son" was the name for the eternal Second
Person (Matt. 28:19). As the Gospels show, the application of the name
"Son of God" to Jesus was offensive to the Jews, probably because
it seemed to smack of gentile polytheism. This also made it all too
intelligible to the pagans, as early heresies indicate. Facing both the Jews
and the Greeks, the apostolic
church confessed that Jesus Christ was "God's only Son":
the Son of God, in antithesis to Jewish claims that the eternal could have
no sons; the only Son, in antithesis to Greek myths of divine procreation.
|
¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó´Â ¼±¾ðÀº [½Å¾à¼º¼]¿¡¼
°¡Àå º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ °Í ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸ç [¸¶ÅÂÀÇ º¹À½¼] 11Àå 27ÀýÀÇ
Áø¼úÀÌ ±× ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. º¹À½¼¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¿¹¼ö ÀÚ½ÅÀº ±×
Īȣ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸î¸î °æ¿ì º¹À½¼ÀÇ ¿ë¹ýÀÌ
À̽º¶ó¿¤°ú Âü ½ÅÀÚÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀ¸·Î¼ ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÆµéµÊÀÇ Àǹ̸¦
¹Ý¿µÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ù¿ï°ú °°Àº º¹À½ ÀüµµÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ
¸íĪÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ¿µ¿¹¸¦ ÀǹÌÇϰíÀÚ Çß´ø °ÍÀÌ
ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. º¹À½¼ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ±× ¿¹¸¦ ¿¹¼öÀÇ ¼¼·Ê À̾߱â(¸¶ÅÂ
3 : 17) ¹× º¯Çü(¸¶Å 17 : 5)°ú ¿¬°á½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç, ¹Ù¿ïÀº ºÎȰ
¹ÏÀ½°ú ¿¬°á½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç½Ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº [½Å¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ
'ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé'Àº °áÄÚ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼±À縦 °¡¸®Å°´Â
°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. Èı⠱׸®½ºµµ±³¿¡¼ 'ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ
¾Æµé'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¿¡ ¼±ÀçÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡¹ÌÇÏ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº
»ïÀ§ÀÏü ±³¸®¿´´Âµ¥, ¿©±â¼ '¾Æµé'Àº ¿µ¿øÇÑ 2¹øÂ°
À§°ÝÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â À̸§À̾ú´Ù(¸¶Å 28 : 19). º¹À½¼µéÀÌ
º¸¿©ÁÖµíÀÌ, 'ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé'À̶ó´Â ¸íĪÀ» ¿¹¼ö¿¡°Ô
Àû¿ë½ÃŲ °ÍÀº À¯´ëÀε鿡°Ô´Â ¸ð¿åÀûÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ¾Æ¸¶µµ
±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ´Ù½Å±³ÀÇ ½Ãµµ·Î º¸¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À¯´ëÀεé°ú ±×¸®½ºÀε鿡 ¸Â¼ »çµµ±³È¸´Â ¿¹¼ö
±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ 'ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ µ¶»ýÀÚ'·Î ½Å¾Ó°í¹éÇß´Ù. 'ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ
¾Æµé'Àº ¿µ¿øÀÚ´Â ¾ÆµéÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â À¯´ëÀεéÀÇ
°ü³ä°ú Á¤¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, 'µ¶»ýÀÚ'´Â ½ÅÀÇ Ãâ»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
±×¸®½º ½ÅÈ¿¡ Á¤¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
|
ÁÖ
|
| As
passages like Rom. 1:4, show, the phrase "Jesus Christ our Lord"
was one of the ways the apostolic church expressed its understanding of what
he had been and done. Luke even put the title into the mouth of the
Christmas angel (Luke 2:11). From the way the name "Lord" (Kyrios) was employed during the 1st century it is possible to see
several implications in the Christian use of it for Christ. The Christians
meant that there were not many divine and lordly beings in the universe, but
only one Kyrios (I Cor. 8:5-6).
They meant that the Roman Caesar was not the lord of all, as he was styled
by his worshippers, but that only Christ was Lord (Rev. 17:14). And they
meant that Yahweh, the covenant God of the Old Testament, whose name they
pronounced as "Lord," had come in Jesus Christ to establish the
new covenant (see Rom. 10:12-13). Like "Son of God," therefore,
the name Kyrios was directed
against both parts of the audience to which the primitive church addressed
its proclamation. At times it stood particularly for the risen and glorified
Christ, as in Acts 2:36; but in passages that echoed the Old Testament it
was sometimes the preexistence that was being primarily emphasized (Matt.
22:44). Gradually "our Lord," like "Christ," became a
common way of speaking about Jesus Christ, even when the speaker did not
intend to stress his lordship over the world.
|
[·Î¸¶Àε鿡°Ô º¸³½ ÆíÁö] 1Àå 4Àý¿¡¼ ó·³ '¿¹¼ö
±×¸®½ºµµ ¿ì¸® ÁÖ'¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº »çµµ±³È¸°¡ ¿¹¼ö´Â ¾î¶²
ºÐÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇàÇß´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â
¹æ¹ýµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù. ´©°¡´Â ±× Īȣ¸¦ Å©¸®½º¸¶½º
õ»çÀÇ ÀÔÀ» ÅëÇØ Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù(´©°¡ 2 : 11). 'ÁÖ'(۸®¿À½º)¶ó´Â
Īȣ°¡ 1¼¼±â µ¿¾È »ç¿ëµÈ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
±×¸®½ºµµ±³µµµéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô »ç¿ëÇß´ø ±× ĪȣÀÇ ¸î
°¡Áö Àǹ̸¦ »ìÆìº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ±³µµµéÀº ¿ìÁÖ¿¡
¸¹Àº ½ÅÀûÀÎ ±×¸®°í ÁÖ °°Àº Á¸Àç°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
¿À·ÎÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ÁÖ(¥° °í¸° 8 : 5~6)¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
ÀǹÌÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Ä«À̻縣°¡ ±×¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â
Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ À¯ÇüȵǾúµíÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁÖ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç,
¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¸ÀÌ ÁÖ¶ó´Â °Í(¹¬½Ã 17 : 14)À» ÀǹÌÇß´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ 'ÁÖ'·Î ºÒ·¶´ø [±¸¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ °è¾àÀÇ ÇÏ´À´Ô,
¾ßÈѰ¡ »õ °è¾àÀ» ¼¼¿ì±â À§ÇØ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ ¾È¿¡
¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇß´Ù(·Î¸¶ 10 : 12~13). ±×·¯¹Ç·Î 'ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ
¾Æµé'°ú °°ÀÌ Å°¸®¿À½º¶ó´Â Īȣ´Â ÃÊ´ë ±³È¸°¡ ´ëÇ×Çß´ø
2°¡Áö ºÎ·ùÀÇ Ã»Áߵ鿡°Ô ¼±Æ÷Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
¶§¶§·Î ÀÌ ¸íĪÀº [»çµµÇàÀü] 2Àå 36Àý¿¡¼¿Í °°ÀÌ
ºÎȰÇÏ°í ¿µÈ·Ó°Ô µÈ ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³ÂÀ¸³ª, [±¸¾à¼º¼]¸¦
¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â ¹®Àåµé¿¡¼ ¶§¶§·Î ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î °Á¶µÇ¾ú´ø
°ÍÀº ¼±Àç¿´´Ù(¸¶Å 22 : 44). Á¡Â÷ '±×¸®½ºµµ'¿Í °°ÀÌ '¿ì¸®ÀÇ
ÁÖ'¶ó´Â Ç¥Çöµµ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ
¹æ½ÄÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
|
|
|
¼ºÀ°½Å°ú °âÇã
|
|
|
¼º·ÉÀ¸·Î À×ÅÂÇÏ»ç µ¿Á¤³à
¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡°Ô¼ ³ª½Ã°í
|
|
Earlier
forms of the creed seem to have read: "Born of the Holy Spirit and of
the Virgin Mary." The primary affirmation of this article is that the
Son of God, the Word, had become man or, as John's Gospel put it,
"flesh" (John 1:14). Preexistence and Incarnation
presuppose each other in the Christian view of Jesus Christ. Hence the New
Testament assumed his preexistence when it talked about his becoming man;
and when it spoke of him as preexistent, it was ascribing this preexistence
to him whom it was describing in the flesh. It may be that the reference in
the creed to the Virgin Mary
was intended to stress primarily her function as the guarantee of Christ's
true humanity, but the creed also intended to teach the supernatural origin
of that humanity. Although it is true that neither Paul nor John makes
reference to it, the teaching about the virginal conception of Jesus,
apparently based upon Isa. 7:14, was sufficiently widespread in the 1st
century to warrant inclusion in both Matthew and Luke, as well as in creeds
that date back to the 1st century. As it stands, the creedal statement is a
paraphrase of Luke 1:35. In the New Testament the Holy Spirit was also
involved in the baptism and the Resurrection of Jesus.
|
ÀÌ ½ÅÁ¶ÀÇ ´õ À̸¥ ÇüÅ´ '¼º·É°ú µ¿Á¤³à ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡°Ô
ž½Ã°í'¶ó°í ÀÐÇôÁ³À» °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ÀÌ ±ÛÀº
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé, ¸»¾¸ÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °Í,
ȤÀº [¿äÇÑÀÇ º¹À½¼]¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ¾úµíÀÌ 'À°½Å'ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» È®ÁõÇÑ´Ù(¿äÇÑ 1 : 14). ¼±Àç¿Í ¼ºÀ°½ÅÀº
¼·ÎÀÇ ÀüÁ¦°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î [½Å¾à¼º¼]´Â ±×°¡ Àΰ£ÀÌ
µÇ½ÉÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ ±×ÀÇ ¼±À縦 ÀüÁ¦ÇÏ¸ç ±×¸¦ ¼±ÀçÇÏ´Â
ÀÚ·Î ¸»ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â À°½Å ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çÇÑ´Ù.
µ¿Á¤³à ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Âü ÀμºÀ» º¸ÁõÇÏ´Â ±×³àÀÇ
±â´ÉÀ» ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î °Á¶ÇÏ·Á´Â Àǵµ·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ
½ÅÁ¶´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀμºÀÇ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ±â¿øÀ» ÀǵµÇß´Ù. ¹Ù¿ï°ú
¿äÇÑÀº ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, [ÀÌ»ç¾ß] 7Àå 14Àý¿¡
±Ù°ÅÇÑ ¿¹¼öÀÇ µ¿Á¤³à À×Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§Àº 1¼¼±â¿¡´Â
³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ¾î¼ [¸¶ÅÂÀÇ º¹À½¼]¡¤[´©°¡ÀÇ º¹À½¼]¿¡
Æ÷ÇÔµÇ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÅÁ¶´Â [´©°¡ÀÇ º¹À½¼] 1Àå 35ÀýÀÇ
ÀÇ¿ªÀÌ´Ù. [½Å¾à¼º¼]¿¡¼ ¼º·ÉÀº ¿¹¼öÀÇ ¼¼·Ê ¹×
ºÎȰ°úµµ °ü·ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
|
º»Æ¼¿À ºô¶óµµ¿¡°Ô °í³À» ¹ÞÀ¸»ç ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸ø¹ÚÇô
Á×À¸½Ã°í Àå»çÇÑ Áö
|
| To a
reader of the Gospels, the most striking feature of the creed is probably
its omission of that which occupied a major part of the Gospels, the story
of Jesus' life and teachings. In this respect there is a direct parallel
between the creed and the Epistles of the New Testament, especially those of
Paul. Judging by the amount of space they devoted to the Passion story, even
the writers of the Gospels were apparently more interested in these few days
of Jesus' life than they were in anything else he had said or done. The
reason for this was the faith underlying both the New Testament and the
creed, that the events of Jesus' Passion,
death, and Resurrection were the events by which God had accomplished the
salvation of human beings. The Gospels found their climax in those events,
and the other material in them led up to those events. The Epistles applied
those events to concrete situations in the early church. From the way Paul
could speak of the Cross (Phil. 2:6-11) and of "the night when he
[Jesus] was betrayed" (I Cor. 11:23), it seems that before our Gospels
came into existence the church commemorated the happenings associated with
what came to be called Holy Week.
Some of the earliest Christian art was a portrayal of these happenings,
another indication of their importance in the cultic and devotional life of
early Christianity. How did the Cross effect the salvation of human beings?
The answers of the New Testament and the early church to this question
involved a variety of metaphors: Christ offered himself as a sacrifice to
God; his life was a ransom for many; his death made mankind alive; his
suffering was an example to people when they must suffer; he was the Second
Adam, creating a new humanity; his death shows people how much God loves
them; and others. Every major atonement theory of Christian theological
history discussed below was anticipated by one or another of these
metaphors. The New Testament employed them all to symbolize something that
could be described only symbolically, that "God was in Christ
reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against
them" (II Cor. 5:19). (see also Index:
Crucifixion, religious
art)
|
ÀÌ ½ÅÁ¶ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àº º¹À½¼ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÎ ¿¹¼öÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿Í
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ À̾߱Ⱑ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¡¿¡¼ ÀÌ
½ÅÁ¶¿Í [½Å¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ ÆíÁöµé, ƯÈ÷ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ÆíÁö »çÀÌ¿¡´Â
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ À¯»ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ºÐ·®ÀÌ ¼ö³ À̾߱⿡
ÇҾֵǾú´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼ º¹À½¼ÀÇ ÀúÀÚµéÁ¶Â÷ ±×°¡ ¸»Çϰí
ÇàÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Íµéº¸´Ù ¸çÄ¥°£ÀÇ ¿¹¼öÀÇ »î¿¡ ´õ¿í °ü½ÉÀ»
±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç½ÇÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº [½Å¾à¼º¼]¿Í
½ÅÁ¶ÀÇ ¹ÙÅÁ¿¡ ±ò·Á ÀÖ´Â ½Å¾ÓÀε¥, ±×°ÍÀº °ð ¿¹¼öÀÇ ¼ö³¡¤Á×À½¡¤ºÎȰ
»ç°ÇÀÌ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» ¿Ï¼º½ÃŲ °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù´Â
½Å¾ÓÀÌ´Ù. º¹À½¼¿¡¼ ÀÌ »ç°ÇµéÀº ÀýÁ¤À» ÀÌ·é´Ù. ÆíÁöµéÀº
±× »ç°ÇµéÀ» Ãʱ⠱³È¸ÀÇ ±¸Ã¼Àû »óȲµé¿¡ Àû¿ë½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ½ÊÀÚ°¡(Çʸ³ 2 : 6~11)¿Í '±×(¿¹¼ö)°¡ ¹è¹Ý´çÇϽйã'(¥°
°í¸° 11 : 23)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº º¹À½¼µéÀÌ
Á¸ÀçÇϱâ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼ºÁÖ°£(á¡ñÎÊà)À̶ó°í ºÒ·Á¿Â °Í°ú ÀÌ¿Í
¿¬°üµÈ »ç°ÇµéÀ» ±³È¸°¡ ±â³äÇß´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÃʱâÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ÀϺδ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç°ÇµéÀ»
¹¦»çÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀϺδ Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ¿¹¹è¿Í
Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ »î¿¡¼ ¼ö³»ç°ÇÀÇ Á߿伺À» ¾Ï½ÃÇß´Ù. ½ÊÀÚ°¡´Â
¾î¶»°Ô ÀηùÀÇ ±¸¿ø¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ãƴ°¡? ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ [½Å¾à¼º¼]¿Í
Ãʱ⠱³È¸ÀÇ ´ë´äÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀºÀ¯µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. Áï
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇÏ´À´Ô¿¡°Ô Èñ»ýÀ¸·Î µå·È°í, ±×ÀÇ
»ý¸íÀº ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷À» À§ÇÑ ¼ÓÁ˾çÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ Á×À½Àº
Àηù¸¦ »ì·È´Ù. ±×ÀÇ °í³Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í³´çÇÒ ¶§ ±×µéÀ»
À§ÇÑ ¸ð¹üÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â »õ·Î¿î Àΰ£¼ºÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ´Â Á¦2ÀÇ
¾Æ´ãÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Á×À½Àº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª Àΰ£À»
»ç¶ûÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀºÀ¯µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ±³
½ÅÇлçÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ´ë¼Ó(ÓÛáÛ) ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¿¹½ÃÇÑ´Ù. [½Å¾à¼º¼]´Â
"°ð ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ Á˸¦ ¹¯Áö ¾ÊÀ¸½Ã°í
±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ³»¼¼¿ö Àΰ£°ú ÈÇØÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù"(¥± °í¸° 5 :
19)¶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀ» »ó¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÌ ÀºÀ¯µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. |
|
|
±×´Â Áö¿Á¿¡ ³»·Á°¡½Ã¸ç
|
| This
phrase was probably the last to be added to the creed. Its principal source
in the New Testament was the description in I Pet. 3:18-20 of Christ's
preaching to the spirits in prison. Originally the descent into hell may
have been identified with the death of Christ, when he entered the abode of
the dead in the underworld. But in the time before it entered the creed, the
descent was frequently taken to mean that Christ had gone to rescue the
souls of the Old Testament faithful from the underworld, from what western
Catholic theology eventually called the limbo
patrum. Among some of the Church Fathers the descent into hell had come
to mean Christ's declaration of his triumph over the powers of hell. Despite
its subsequent growth in importance, however, the doctrine of the descent
into hell apparently did not form an integral part of the apostolic
preaching about Christ. (see also Index:
limbus patrum)
|
ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ½ÅÁ¶¿¡ ÷°¡µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ
°ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. [½Å¾à¼º¼] ¾È¿¡¼ ÀÌ ½ÅÁ¶ÀÇ ±Ù°Å´Â °¤Çô ÀÖ´Â
¿µµé¿¡°Ô ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¼³±³Çß´Ù´Â [º£µå·ÎÀÇ Ã¹Â° ÆíÁö] 3Àå
18~20ÀýÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. º»·¡ Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ³»·Á°¨Àº ¾Æ¸¶
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á×À½, Áï ±×°¡ ÁöÇÏÀÇ Á×ÀºÀÚÀÇ °Åó¿¡ µé¾î°¬À»
¶§¿Í µ¿ÀϽõǾúÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀÌ ½ÅÁ¶¿¡
µé¾î¿À±â ÀÌÀü¿¡, ÇϰÀº ¼¹æ °¡Å縯 ½ÅÇп¡¼ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡
¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿¬¿Á(limbo patrum)À¸·Î ºÒ¸®´Â ÁöÇϼ¼°è·ÎºÎÅÍ [±¸¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ
½Å½ÇÇÑ ¿µÈ¥µéÀ» ±¸¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³»·Á°¬´Ù´Â Àǹ̷Î
¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Á³´Ù. ¸î¸î ±³ºÎµéÀº Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ³»·Á°¨À» Áö¿Á
±Ç¼¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ½Â¸®ÀÇ ¼±¾ðÀ¸·Î º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
Á߿伺ÀÌ °è¼Ó Áõ´ëÇϰí ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î
³»·Á°¨ÀÇ ±³¸®´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çµµÀû ¼³±³¿¡¼
ÇʼöºÒ°¡°áÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ µÇÁö´Â ¸øÇß´Ù. |
|
|
¿µÈ
|
|
|
»çÈê ¸¸¿¡ Á×ÀºÀÚ °¡¿îµ¥¼ ´Ù½Ã
»ì¾Æ³ª½Ã¸ç
|
| The
writers of the New Testament nowhere made the Resurrection
of Christ a matter for argument, but everywhere asserted it and assumed it.
With it began that state in the history of Jesus Christ that was still
continuing, his elevation to glory. They used it as a basis for three kinds
of affirmations. The Resurrection of Christ was the way God bore witness to
his son, "designated Son of God in power according to the Spirit of
holiness by his resurrection from the dead" (Rom. 1:4); this theme was
prominent also in the Book of Acts. The Resurrection was also the basis for
the Christian hope of life after death (I Thess. 4:14), and without it that
hope was said to be baseless (I Cor. 15:12-20). The Resurrection of Christ
was also the ground for admonitions to manifest a "newness of
life" (Rom. 6:4) and to "seek the things that are above"
(Col. 3:1). The writers of the New Testament themselves expressed no doubt
that the Resurrection had really happened. But Paul's discussion in I Cor.
15 shows that among those who heard the Christian message there was such
doubt, as well as efforts to rationalize the Resurrection. The differences
among the Gospels, and between the Gospels and Paul, suggest that from the
outset a variety of traditions existed regarding the details of the
Resurrection. But such differences only serve to emphasize how universal the
faith in the Resurrection was amid this variety of traditions.
|
[½Å¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ¾îµð¿¡¼µµ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºÎȰÀ»
³íÁõÇÒ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î »ïÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ü¾ðÇÏ¸ç ´ç¿¬ÇÑ
°ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ºÎȰ°ú ÇÔ²² ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¿µÈ¸¦
¸»ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» 3Á¾·ùÀÇ È®ÁõÀ» À§ÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î
»ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºÎȰÀº "Á×ÀºÀÚµé °¡¿îµ¥¼
ºÎȰÇϽÉÀ¸·Î½á ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ±Ç´ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î
È®ÀεǽÅ"(·Î¸¶ 1 : 4) ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» Áõ¾ðÇÏ´Â
¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú´Ù. ºÎȰÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Á×À½ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÎÀÇ ¼Ò¸ÁÀÇ ±Ù°Å¿´´Ù(¥° µ¥»ì 4 : 14). ±×¸®°í
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºÎȰÀº "»õ »ý¸í"(·Î¸¶ 6 : 4)À» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç,
"õ»óÀÇ °ÍµéÀ» Ãß±¸"(°ñ·Î 3 : 1)Ç϶ó´Â ÈÆ°èÀÇ
±Ù°Å¿´´Ù. [½Å¾à¼º¼] ÀúÀÚµéÀº ºÎȰÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀϾ´Ù°í
ÀÇ½É ¾øÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª [°í¸°ÅäÀε鿡°Ô º¸³½ ù°
ÆíÁö] 15Àå¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ³íÀïÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸À»
µé¾ú´ø »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡ ºÎȰÀ» ÇÕ¸®ÈÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·Âµé»Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀǽÉÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. º¹À½¼µé »çÀÌÀÇ
Â÷ÀÌÁ¡°ú º¹À½¼¿Í ¹Ù¿ï ÆíÁö °£ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀº ºÎȰÀÇ
³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àü½ÂÀÌ ½ÃÃʺÎÅÍ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àü½Âµé ¼Ó¿¡¼
¾ó¸¶³ª ºÎȰ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ º¸ÆíÀûÀ̾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ °Á¶ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. |
|
|
Çϴÿ¡ ¿À¸£»ç Àü´ÉÇϽŠÇÏ´À´Ô ¿ìÆí¿¡ ¾É¾Æ °è½Ã´Ù°¡
|
| As
indicated earlier, the narrative of the Ascension
is peculiar to Luke-Acts, but other parts of the New Testament may refer to
it. Eph. 4:8-10 may be such a reference, but many interpreters hold that for
Paul Resurrection was identical with Ascension. That, they maintain, is why
he could speak of the appearance of the risen Christ to him in continuity
with the appearances to others (I Cor. 15:5-8) despite the fact that, in the
chronology of the creed, the Ascension intervened between them. Session at
the right hand of the Father was apparently a Christian interpretation of
Ps. 110:1. It implied the elevation--or, as the doctrine of preexistence
became clearer, the restoration--of Christ to a position of honour with God.
Taken together, the Ascension and the session were a way of speaking about
the presence of Christ with the Father during the interim between the
Resurrection and the Second Advent. From Eph. 4:8-16, it is evident that
this way of speaking was by no means inconsistent with another Christian
tenet, the belief that Christ was still present in and with his church. It
was, in fact, the only way to state that tenet in harmony with the doctrine
of the Resurrection.
|
½Âõ
À̾߱â´Â Ưº°È÷ [´©°¡ÀÇ º¹À½¼]¡¤[»çµµÇàÀü]¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª [½Å¾à¼º¼]ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼µµ ½Âõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¾ð±ÞÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. [¿¡Æä¼ÒÀε鿡°Ô º¸³½ ÆíÁö] 4Àå 8~10ÀýÀÌ
±× ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¹Àº ÇØ¼®ÀÚ´Â ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ºÎȰÀ»
½Âõ°ú µ¿ÀϽÃÇß´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¼ººÎÀÇ ¿ìÆí Âø¼®Àº
ºÐ¸íÈ÷ [½ÃÆí] 110Æí 1Àý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÎÀÇ
ÇØ¼®À̾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÇÏ´À´Ô°ú ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â ¿µ±¤ÀÇ À§Ä¡·Î
±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °í¾ç(¶Ç´Â ¼±Àç±³¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®Áõ)µÈ °ÍÀ»
ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ½Âõ°ú Âø¼®Àº ºÎȰ°ú À縲ÀÇ Áß°£ ½Ã±â µ¿¾È
¼ººÎ¿Í ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÇöÁ¸¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú´Ù. [¿¡Æä¼ÒÀε鿡°Ô
º¸³½ ÆíÁö] 4Àå 8~16Àý¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÀÌ·¸°Ô À̾߱âÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀº
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ±×¸®½ºµµ ±³¸®, Áï ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ±×ÀÇ ±³È¸
¾È¿¡ ±×¸®°í ±³È¸¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇöÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½°ú
ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù. »ç½Ç À̰ÍÀº ½Âõ ±³¸®¸¦
ºÎȰ ±³¸®¿Í Á¶È½ÃÄÑ ¸»ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú´Ù. |
|
|
Àú¸®·Î¼ »ê ÀÚ¿Í Á×Àº ÀÚ¸¦ ½ÉÆÇÇÏ·¯ ¿À½Ã¸®¶ó
|
| The
creed concludes its Christological section with the doctrine of the Second
Advent: the First Advent was a coming into the flesh, the Second
Advent a coming in glory. Much controversy among modern scholars has been
occasioned by the role of this doctrine in the early church. Those who
maintain that Jesus erroneously expected the early end of the world have
often interpreted Paul as the first of those who began the adjustment to a
delay in the end, with John's Gospel as a more advanced stage of that
adjustment. Those who hold that the imminence of the end was a continuing
aspect of human history as Jesus saw it also maintain that this phrase of
the creed was a statement of that imminence, without any timetable
necessarily implied. From the New Testament it seems that both the hope of
the Second Coming and a faith in the continuing presence of Christ belonged
to the outlook of the apostolic church, and that seems to be what the creed
meant. The phrase "the quick and the dead" is a summary of
passages like I Cor. 15:51-52 and I Thess. 4:15-17.
|
»çµµ½Å°æÀº À縲±³¸®·Î¼ ±×¸®½ºµµ·Ð ºÎºÐÀ» °á·ÐÁþ´Â´Ù.
Ãʸ²Àº À°Ã¼·Î ¿Â °ÍÀ̰í, À縲Àº
¿µ±¤ °¡¿îµ¥ ¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ ±³È¸¿¡¼ ÀÌ ±³¸®ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡
°üÇÑ ³íÀïÀÌ ¸¹Àº Çö´ë ÇÐÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Ù. ¿¹¼ö°¡
¼¼»óÀÇ ÀÓ¹ÚÇÑ Á¾¸»À» À߸ø ±â´ëÇß´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ Á¾¸»À» ¼¼»ó ³¡³¯·Î Áö¿¬¡¤Á¶Á¤ÇÏ·Á°í Çß´ø ÃÖÃÊÀÇ
»ç¶÷µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¶ó°í º¸¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, [¿äÇÑÀÇ º¹À½¼] ´Â ´õ
Áøº¸µÈ ´Ü°è·Î º»´Ù. ¿¹¼ö°¡ º¸¾ÒµíÀÌ Á¾¸»ÀÇ ÀÓ¹Ú¼ºÀÌ Àΰ£
¿ª»çÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ±¹¸éÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀÌ
±× ÀÓ¹Ú¼ºÀÇ Áø¼úÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. [½Å¾à¼º¼]¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³
À縲¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Ò¸Á°ú ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀû ÇöÁ¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº
»çµµ±³È¸ÀÇ Àü¸Á¿¡ ¼ÓÇß°í, À̰ÍÀÌ »çµµ½Å°æÀÌ ÀǹÌÇß´ø
°ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. '»ê ÀÚ¿Í Á×Àº ÀÚ'¶ó´Â ±¸ÀýÀº [°í¸°ÅäÀε鿡°Ô
º¸³½ ù° ÆíÁö] 15Àå 51~52Àý°ú [µ¥»ì·Î´ÏÄ«Àε鿡°Ô º¸³½
ÆíÁö] 4Àå 15~17ÀýÀÇ ¿ä¾àÀÌ´Ù. |
|
In
order to complete the confession of the creed regarding the glorification of
Christ, the Nicene Creed added the phrase: "Of His kingdom there shall
be no end." This was a declaration that Christ's return as judge would
usher in the full exercise of his reign over the world. Such was the
expectation of the apostolic church, based upon what it knew and believed
about Jesus Christ.
|
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¿µÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾Ó°í¹éÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ
´ÏÄÉ¾Æ ½ÅÁ¶´Â '±×ÀÇ ³ª¶ó´Â ³¡ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù'¶ó´Â ±¸ÀýÀ»
÷°¡Çß´Ù. ½ÉÆÇÀڷμ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À縲Àº ¼¼»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ
¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÅëÄ¡ÀÇ ½ÇÇöÀ̶ó´Â ¼±¾ðÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¿¹¼ö
±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¾Ë¾Ò°í ¹Ï¾ú´ø °Í¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ »çµµ±³È¸ÀÇ
±â´ë¿´´Ù.
|
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |