Elias Hicks
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Hicks, Elias (b. March 19, 1748, Hempstead Township, Long Island,
N.Y. [U.S.]--d. Feb. 27, 1830, Jericho, Long Island, N.Y., U.S.), early advocate
of the abolition of slavery in the United States and a liberal Quaker preacher
whose followers became known as Hicksites, one of two factions created by the
schism of 1827-28 in American Quakerism.
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Èø½º(Elias Hicks), 1748. 3. 19 ¹Ì±¹ ´º¿å ·Õ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå
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After assisting in ridding the Society of Friends
(Quakers) of slavery, Hicks worked for general abolition. He urged a boycott of
the products of slave labour, advocated establishment of an area in the
Southwest as a home for freed slaves, and helped secure legislation that brought
an end to slavery in New York state. In 1811 the first of several editions of
his Observations on the Slavery of the Africans and Their Descendants was
published.
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on the Slavery of the Africans and Their Descendants¡µÀº ÆÇÀ» °ÅµìÇß´Ù.
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One of the first to preach progressive revelation, which allowed for
continuing revision and renewal of doctrinal beliefs, Hicks in 1817 successfully
opposed the adoption of a set creed by the Society of Friends at the Baltimore
Yearly Meeting. He was subsequently called a heretic for his opposition to
Evangelicalism, which stressed established beliefs, and he was held responsible
by some for the Quaker schism of 1827-28. After this separation Hicks's
followers called themselves the Liberal branch of the Society of Friends, but
orthodox Quakers labeled them Hicksites. The
Hicksites became increasingly isolated from other Quakers until the 20th
century, when mutual cooperation began to prevail.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY: Bliss Forbush, Elias Hicks: Quaker Liberal (1956).
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