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Religion
Á¾±³ ޹æ
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Roman
Catholicism
·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸ (õÁÖ±³
)
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¸ñÂ÷
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II.
History of Roman Catholicism
1.
THE EMERGENCE OF CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY
2.
THE EMERGENCE OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM
1)
Internal factors.
2)
External factors.
3)
The early medieval papacy.
3.
THE CHURCH OF THE EARLY AND HIGH MIDDLE AGES
1)
The concept of Christendom.
2)
A period of decadence.
3)
Popular Christianity c. 1000.
4)
The first reformers: Leo IX and Nicholas II.
5)
The reign of Gregory VII.
6)
The Investiture Conflict (1085-1122).
7)
The Crusades.
4.
THE CHURCH OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
1)
The Proto-Renaissance.
2)
Reformed monasticism.
3)
The papacy at its height: the 12th and 13th centuries.
4)
The age of faith.
5)
The rise of heresy.
6)
The golden age of Scholasticism.
7)
Ecclesiastical life in the 13th century.
8)
Troubles of the church c. 1300.
9)
The "Babylonian Captivity."
5.
FROM THE LATE MIDDLE AGES TO THE REFORMATION
1)
Late medieval reform: the Great Western Schism and conciliarism.
2)
Jan Hus.
3)
Efforts to heal the East-West Schism.
4)
Roman Catholicism on the eve of the Reformation.
i)
The decline of Scholastic theology.
ii)
Expressions of spirituality and folk piety.
iii)
Roman Catholicism and Renaissance humanism.
iv)
Roman Catholicism and the emergence of national consciousness.
III.
The Age of Reformation and Counter-Reformation
1.
Roman Catholicism and the Protestant Reformation.
2.
The Roman Catholic Reformation.
1)
The Council of Trent.
2)
New religious orders.
3.
The Counter-Reformation.
4.
Post-Reformation conditions.
5.
Developments in France.
1)
The Gallican problem.
2)
Jansenism.
3)
Quietism.
6.
Controversies involving the Jesuits.
1)
The Chinese rites controversy.
2)
Suppression of the Jesuits.
7.
Religious life in the 17th and 18th centuries.
8.
THE CHURCH IN THE MODERN PERIOD
1)
Catholicism in Revolutionary France.
2)
Napoleon I--exportation of the Revolution.
3)
The reign of Pius IX (1846-78).
4)
The reign of Leo XIII (1878-1903).
5)
The period of the world wars.
6)
Vatican II.
9.
ROMAN CATHOLICISM OUTSIDE EUROPE
1)
The New World: the Spanish and Portuguese empires.
i)
Colonial period.
ii)
After independence.
iii)
Spanish and French missions in North America.
2)
Roman Catholicism in the United States and Canada.
i)
United States.
ii)
Canada.
3)
The spread of Roman Catholicism in Africa and Asia.
i)
Early missions in Africa.
ii)
Early missions in Asia.
iii)
The development of indigenous clergy and native institutions.
iv)
Conflicts and relations with national governments.
v)
The new world consciousness of Roman Catholicism.
IV.
Structure of the church
1.
DOCTRINAL BASIS
1)
The nature of the church.
2)
Apostolic succession.
2.
THE PAPACY
1)
The papal office.
2)
Ancient and medieval views of papal authority within the church.
3)
Early-modern and modern views of papal authority.
4)
Eastern Orthodox and Protestant views and critiques.
i)
Eastern Orthodox views and critiques.
ii)
Protestant views and critiques.
5)
Historical conceptions of the relationship of the papacy to the world.
6)
Contemporary teaching on papal authority.
3.
THE OFFICES OF THE CLERGY
1)
The Roman Curia and the College of Cardinals.
2)
The college of bishops.
3)
Ecumenical councils.
4)
The priesthood.
4.
RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES
1)
Hermits and monks.
2)
Mendicant friars and clerks regular.
3)
Nuns and brothers.
5.
THE LAITY
6.
CANON LAW
V.
Beliefs and practices
1.
FAITH
1)
Concepts of faith.
2)
Preambles and motivation of faith.
3)
Heresy.
2.
REVELATION
1)
The concept of revelation.
2)
The content of revelation.
3.
TRADITION AND SCRIPTURE
4.
THE TEACHING AUTHORITY OF THE CHURCH (THE MAGISTERIUM)
1)
The concept of teaching authority.
2)
Organs of teaching authority.
3)
Object and response.
5.
MAJOR DOGMAS AND DOCTRINES
6.
THE LITURGY
1)
The eucharistic assembly or mass.
2)
The divine office.
3)
The cycle and the language of the liturgy.
7.
THE SACRAMENTS
1)
The sacraments in general.
2)
Baptism.
3)
Confirmation.
4)
The Eucharist.
5)
Penance.
6)
The anointing of the sick.
7)
Marriage.
8)
Holy orders.
8.
PARALITURGICAL DEVOTIONS
1)
Eucharistic devotions.
2)
Cult of the saints.
3)
Mysticism.
9.
THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN SOCIETY
1)
Missions.
2)
Education.
3)
Eleemosynary activities.
4)
Church and state relations.
5)
Economic views and practice.
6)
The family.
VI.
Roman Catholicism following the second Vatican Council
VII.
Bibliography
1.
General:
2.
The papacy:
3.
The Latin Church in the West (1000-1517):
4.
The late Middle Ages:
5.
Reformation and Counter-Reformation:
6.
Roman Catholicism outside Europe in modern times:
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II.
·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç
1.
º¸ÆíÀû ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ÃâÇö
2.
·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ ÃâÇö
1)
³»Àû ¿äÀεé.
2)
¿ÜÀû ¿äÀεé.
3)
Áß¼¼ ÃʱâÀÇ ±³È²Á÷.
3.
Áß¼¼ ÃÊ±â ¹× Áß±âÀÇ ±³È¸
1)
±âµ¶±³±¹ÀÇ °³³ä.
2)
¼èÅðÀÇ ½Ã±â.
3)
1000³â ±îÁöÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ±³È¸.
4)ÃʱâÀÇ
°³ÇõÀÚµé: ·¹¿À
9¼¼ ¹×
´ÏÄÝ¶ó½º 2¼¼.
5)
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Ä¡¼¼.
6)
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7)
½ÊÀÚ±º ÀüÀï.
4.
Áß¼¼ ¸»±âÀÇ ±³È¸
1)
¸£³×»ó½º ŵ¿±â
2)
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3)
Àü¼º±âÀÇ ±³È²Á÷:
12-13¼¼±â.
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7)
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9)
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5.
Áß¼¼ ¸»±âºÎÅÍ Á¾±³°³Çõ±îÁö
1)
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°Å´ëÇÑ ¼±¸ÀÇ ºÐ¸®¿Í °øÀÇȸ ¼öÀ§¼³(ÍëëùüåâÏêÈàã).
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µ¿¼ ºÐ¿À» Ä¡·áÀÇ ³ë·Âµé.
4)
Á¾±³°³Çõ Á÷ÀüÀÇ ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸.
i)
½ºÄݶó
½ÅÇÐÀÇ ¼èÅÂ.
ii)
¿µ¼ºÀÇ
Ç¥Çöµé°ú ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ½Å½É.
iii)
·Î¸¶
Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸¿Í Àι®ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ºÎÈï.
iv)
·Î¸¶
Ä«Å縯°ú ¹ÎÁ·Àû ÀÚ°¢ÀÇ ÃâÇö.
III.
Á¾±³°³Çõ°ú ¹Ýµ¿ °³ÇõÀÇ ½Ã´ë
1.
·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸¿Í °³½Å±³ÀÇ °³Çõ.
2.
·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ °³Çõ.
1)
Æ®·»Æ®
°øÀÇȸ.
2)
»õ·Î¿î
¼ºÁ÷ ¼¿.
3.
¹Ýµ¿ °³Çõ.
4.
°³Çõ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ »óȲ.
5.
ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ÁøÀü.
1)
ÇÁ¶û½º
±³È¸ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡.
2)
¾á¼¾ÁÖÀÇ.
3)
Á¤ÀûÁÖÀÇ.
6.
¿¹¼öȸ°ü·Ã ³íÀïµé.
1)
Áß±¹ÀÇ
Àü·Ê ³íÀï.
2)
¿¹¼öȸÀÇ
¾ï¾Ð.
7.
17, 18¼¼±âÀÇ Á¾±³Àû »î.
8.
±Ù¼¼±âÀÇ ±³È¸
1)
ÇÁ¶û½º Çõ¸í±âÀÇ Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸.
2)
³ªÆú·¹¿Ë I
¼¼- Çõ¸íÀÇ
¼öÃâ.
3)
Çǿ콺 9¼¼(1846~78
ˍˤ)˂
Ä¡¼¼.
4)
·¹¿À 13¼¼(1878~1903
ˍˤ)˂
Ä¡¼¼.
5)
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6)
Á¦2Â÷
¹ÙÆ¼Ä °øÀÇȸ.
9.
À¯·´ ¹Ù±ùÀÇ ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯
1)
½Å¼¼°è:
½ºÆäÀÎ ¹× Æ÷¸£ÅõÄ® Á¦±¹.
i)
½Ä¹ÎÁö
½Ã±â.
ii)
µ¶¸³
ÀÌÈÄ.
iii)
ºÏ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ½ºÆäÀΰú ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¼±±³.
2)
¹Ì±¹°ú Ä«³ª´ÙÀÇ ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯.
i)
¹Ì±¹.
ii)
Ä«³ª´Ù.
3)
¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ÀÇ ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯
±³È¸ ÀüÆÄ.
i)
Ãʱ⠾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ¼±±³.
ii)
ÃÊ±â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¼±±³.
iii)
ÅäÂø ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ¿Í ±³È¸µéÀÇ ¹ßÀü.
iv)
±¹°¡Á¤ºÎ¿ÍÀÇ °¥µî°ü°è.
v)
·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¼¼°èÀǽÄ.
IV.
±³È¸ Á¶Á÷
1.
±³¸®Àû Åä´ë
1)
±³È¸ÀÇ º»Áú.
2)
»çµµÀÇ °è½Â.
2.
±³È²Á÷
1)
±³È² Áý¹«½Ç.
2)
±³È¸¾È¿¡¼ ±³È²ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í´ë ¹×
Áß¼¼ÀÇ ½Ã°¢µé.
3)
±³È²ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ù´ëÀÇ ÃʱâÀÇ
½Ã°¢µé.
4)
µ¿¹æÁ¤±³È¸ ¹× °³½Å±³ÀÇ ½Ã°¢°ú ºñÆÇ.
i)
µ¿¹æÁ¤±³È¸ÀÇ ½Ã°¢°ú ºñÆÇ.
ii)
°³½Å±³ÀÇ ½Ã°¢°ú ºñÆÇ.
5)
±³È²Á÷ÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü°èÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû
°³³äµé.
6)
±³È²ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çö½Ã´ëÀÇ ±³¸®.
3.
¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ´Ü
1)
±³È²Ã»°ú Ãß±â°æ´Ü.
2)
ÁÖ±³´Ü.
3)
°øÀÇȸ.
4)
»çÁ¦Á÷.
4.
Á¾±³ °øµ¿Ã¼µé
1)
ÀºÀÚ¿Í ¼öµµ»ç.
2)
ʹ߼öµµ»ç,
¼ö»ç ¹× Á¤±Ô ¼ö»ç.
3)
¼ö³à¿Í Á¶¼ö»ç(ð¾áóÞÍ).
5.
Æò½Åµµ
6.
±³È¸¹ý
V.
½ÅÁ¶¿Í °üÇàµé
1.
½Å¾Ó
1)
½Å¾ÓÀÇ °³³ä.
2)
½Å¾ÓÀÇ Àü(îñ)´Ü°è
¹× µ¿ÀÎ.
3)
ÀÌ´Ü.
2.
°è½Ã
1)
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2)
°è½ÃÀÇ ³»¿ë.
3.
Àü½Â°ú ¼º¼
4.
±³È¸ÀÇ ±³µµ±Ç(ÎçÓôÏí)
1)
±³µµ±ÇÀÇ °³³ä.
2)
±³µµ±ÇÀÇ Çà»ç±â°ü.
3)
¸ñÀû°ú ¹ÝÀÀ.
5.
Áß¿ä ±³ÀÇ¿Í ±³¸®
6.
Àü·Ê
1)
¼ºÂùÀÇ Àü·Ê ¶Ç´Â ¹Ì»ç.
2)
¼º¹«Àϵµ(á¡ÙâìíÔª).
3)
Àü·ÊÀÇ ÁÖ±â¿Í ¾ð¾î.
7.
¼º»ç(á¡ÞÀ)
1)
¼º»çÀÇ °³°ü(ËÈκ).
2)
¼º¼¼¼º»ç(á¡á©).
3)
°ßÁø¼º»ç(̱òÉ).
4)
¼ºÃ¼¼º»ç(á¡ô÷).
5)
°íÇØ¼º»ç(ͱú°).
6)
º´ÀÚ¼º»ç(Ü»íº).
7)
È¥Àμº»ç(ûæìØ).
8)
½Åǰ¼º»ç(ãêù¡).
8.
Àü·Ê¿¡ ÁØÇÏ´Â ºÀÇåÀǽÄ
1)
¼º¸¸Âù ºÀÇå.
2)
¼ºÀÎ ¼þ¹è.
3)
½ÅºñÁÖÀÇ.
9.
±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸÀû ¿ªÇÒ
1)
¼±±³.
2)
±³À°.
3)
ÀÚ¼±È°µ¿.
4)
±³È¸¿Í ±¹°¡ÀÇ °ü°è.
5)
°æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ °ßÇØ¿Í ±× ½Çõ.
6)
°¡Á·.
VI.
Á¦2Â÷
¹ÙÆ¼Ä °øÀÇȸ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸
VII.
Âü°í¹®Çå
1.
General:
2.
The papacy:
3.
The Latin Church in the West (1000-1517):
4.
The late Middle Ages:
5.
Reformation and Counter-Reformation:
6.
Roman Catholicism outside Europe in modern times:
¡¡
¡¡
VIII.
Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÃµÁÖ±³
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¼·Ð
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As both its critics and its
champions would probably agree, Roman
Catholicism has been the
decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization. There are
more Roman Catholics in the world than there are believers of any other
religious tradition--not merely more Roman Catholics than all other
Christians combined, but more Roman Catholics than all Muslims or Buddhists
or Hindus. The papacy is the oldest continuing absolute monarchy in the world. To
millions the pope is the infallible interpreter of divine revelation and the
vicar of Christ; to others he is the fulfillment of the biblical prophecies
about the coming of the Antichrist.
|
õÁÖ±³[ô¸ñ«Îç],
·Î¸¶
°¡Å縯±³, Roman CatholicismÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ
3´ë ÁÖ¿ä±³°ú °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸´Â ºñÆÇÀÚ³ª ¿ËÈ£ÀÚ ¸ðµÎ°¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â
¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼¾ç ¹®¸í»ç¿¡¼ °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ ÈûÀÌ
µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù. Àü¼¼°è ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ½ÅÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ±×¸®½ºµµ±³
±³ÆÄÀÇ ½ÅÀÚ¸¦ ÇÕÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù ¸¹À» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À̽½¶÷±³µµ³ª
ÈùµÎ±³µµ ȤÀº ºÒ±³µµº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹´Ù. ±³È²Á¦´Â
Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¿À·¡ÀüºÎÅÍ Áö¼ÓµÇ¾î¿À´Â Àý´ë±ºÁÖÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù.
¸¹Àº »ç¶÷Àº ±³È²À» ½ÅÀû °è½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àý´ë¹«·ù(ï¾ÓßÙí×½)ÀÇ
ÇØ¼®ÀÚÀÌ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ´ë¸®ÀÚ·Î ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ý¸é¿¡
¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ±³È²À» ¸»¼¼°¡ µÇ¸é ÃâÇöÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¼º¼°¡
¿¹¾ðÇÑ Àû(îØ)±×¸®½ºµµ·Î °£ÁÖÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
|
|
These incontestable statistical and
historical facts suggest that some understanding of Roman Catholicism--its
history, its institutional structures, its beliefs and practices, and its
place in the world--is an indispensable component of cultural literacy,
regardless of how one may individually answer the ultimate questions of life
and death and faith. Without a grasp of what Roman Catholicism stands for,
it is difficult to make political sense of the settlement of the Germanic
tribes in Europe at the end of the Roman Empire, or intellectual sense of
Thomas Aquinas, or literary sense of The
Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri, or artistic sense of the Gothic
cathedrals, or musical sense of many of the compositions of Haydn or Mozart. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÇÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Â Åë°èÀû¡¤¿ª»çÀû »ç½ÇµéÀº ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯--
¿ª»ç¿Í Á¦µµ, ½Å¾Ó°ú ¿¹¹è,
¼¼°è³»ÀÇ À§Ä¡
µî--¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ÀÌÇØ´Â,
»î°ú Á×À½ ¹× ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ Áú¹®¿¡
°³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´äÇÏ´Â °Í°ú »ó°ü¾øÀÌ, ¹®È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» ¾ò±â
À§Çؼµµ ÇʼöºÒ°¡°áÇÑ ¿ä¼ÒÀÓÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇØÁØ´Ù.
·Î¸¶
Ä«Å縯ÀÌ ´ëº¯ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é,
·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ÀÇ
¸»±â¿¡ À¯·´ÀÇ °Ô¸£¸¸ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Á¤ÂøÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû ÀÇ¹Ì ¶Ç´Â,
Å丶½º ¾ÆÄû³ª½ºÀÇ Áö¼ºÀûÀÎ ÀǹÌ, ¶Ç´Â ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ
[½Å°î]ÀÇ
¹®ÇÐÀû ÀǹÌ, ¶Ç´Â °íµñ dzÀÇ ¼º´çµéÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀû ÀǹÌ,
¶Ç´Â
ÇÏÀ̵çÀ̳ª ¸ðÂ¥¸£Æ®ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÀÛǰµéÀÇ À½¾ÇÀû Àǹ̸¦
ÀÌÇØÇϱâ Èûµé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
At one level, of course, the
interpretation of Roman Catholicism is closely related to the interpretation
of Christianity as such. For by its own reading of history, Roman
Catholicism began with the very beginnings of the Christian movement. An
essential component of the definition of any one of the other branches of
Christendom, moreover, is the examination of its relation to Roman
Catholicism: How did Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism come into
schism? Was the break between the Church of England and Rome inevitable?
Conversely, such questions are essential to the definition of Roman
Catholicism itself, even to a definition that adheres strictly to the
official view, according to which the Roman Catholic Church has maintained
an unbroken continuity since the days of the Apostles, while all other
denominations, from the ancient Copts to the latest storefront church, are
deviations from it. |
¹°·Ð, Àϴܰè·Î,
·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯ÀÇ ÇØ¼®Àº ±×¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ÇØ¼®°ú ±ä¹ÐÈ÷ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ±×
ÀÚüÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÀÐÀ½À¸·Î½á, ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯ÀÌ ±âµ¶±³ ¿îµ¿ÀÇ
¹Ù·Î ⸳¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
´õ¿íÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯
±×¸®½ºµµ±³ Á¾ÆÄ Áß ¾î´À ÇÑ Á¾ÆÄ¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ ÀÌÇØÇϱâ
À§Çؼ´Â ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î ±× Á¾ÆÄ¿Í ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ °ü°è¸¦
°íÂûÇØº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¿¹·Î µ¿¹æÁ¤±³È¸¿Í ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯
±³È¸´Â ¿Ö ºÐ¿µÇ¾ú´Â°¡, ¿µ±¹ ¼º°øÈ¸¿Í ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ
ºÐ¿Àº ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇߴ°¡ µîÀ» µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Áú¹®Àº ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ ÀÚü¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇϱâ À§Çؼµµ
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Like any intricate and ancient
phenomenon, Roman Catholicism can be described and interpreted from a
variety of perspectives and by one or more of several methodologies. Thus
the Roman Catholic Church is itself a complex institution, for which the
usual diagram of a pyramid, extending from the pope at the apex to the
believers in the pew, is vastly oversimplified; within that institution,
moreover, sacred congregations, archdioceses and dioceses, provinces,
religious orders and societies, seminaries and colleges, parishes and
confraternities, and countless other institutions all invite the social
scientist to the consideration of power relations, leadership roles, social
dynamics, and other sociological connections that it uniquely represents. As
a world religion among world religions, Roman Catholicism in its belief and
practice manifests, somewhere within the range of its multicoloured life,
some of the features of every religion of the human race; thus only the
methodology of comparative religion can encompass them all. Furthermore,
because of the normative role of Scholasticism in the formulation of Roman Catholic dogma, a philosophical
analysis of its system of doctrine is indispensable even for grasping its
theological vocabulary. Nevertheless, the historical method is especially
appropriate to this task, not only because two millennia of history are
represented in the Roman Catholic Church, but because the heart of its
understanding of itself is the hypothesis of continuity and because the
centre of its definition of authority is the embodiment of divine truth in
that historical continuity. |
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The history of the early church
during the first three centuries of its existence is recounted at greater
length in the article CHRISTIANITY
, and its general outlines
must be presupposed here. The present article concentrates on identifying
those historical forces that worked to transform the primitive Christian
movement into a church that was recognizably "catholic," namely, a
church that had begun to possess identifiable norms of doctrine and life,
fixed structures of church authority, and, at least in principle, a
universality (which is what "catholic" meant) that extended to all
of humanity.
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[ Ȩ ] [ À§·Î ] [ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ ] [ õÁÖ±³ ] [ µ¿¹æÁ¤±³È¸ ] [ °³½Å±³ ] [ õ³âÁöº¹½Å¾Ó ] [ À̴ܰú Á¤Åë ] [ Yahweh, Jehovah, YHWH - ¾ßÈÑ, ¿©È£¿Í ] [ Christianity ]
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