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Religion
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¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ °øµ¿Ã¼
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Ephrata Community, U.S. Protestant monastic
settlement, an offshoot of the Germantown Dunkers, founded in 1732 by Johann
Conrad Beissel on Cocalico Creek in Lancaster County,
Pa.; the present town of Ephrata grew up around it. Beissel and his followers
observed the sabbath on the seventh day and espoused ascetic ideals. |
¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ °øµ¿Ã¼(¦¡¦¡ ÍìÔÒô÷, Ephrata Community),
¹Ì±¹ °³½Å±³ ¼öµµ°øµ¿Ã¼À̸ç, 1732³â ¿äÇÑ ÄÜ¶óÆ® ¹ÙÀ̼¿ÀÌ Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ ·©Ä¿½ºÅÍÀÇ
ÄÚÄø®ÄÚÅ©¸®Å©¿¡ ¼¼¿î Àú¸ÕŸ¿î´øÄ¿½º¿¡¼ °¥¶óÁ®
³ª¿Ô´Ù(Áö±ÝÀÇ ¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ ¸¶À»Àº ÄÚÄø®ÄÚÅ©¸®Å©¸¦
Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇßÀ½). ¹ÙÀ̼¿°ú ±×ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀº Á¦7ÀÏ(Åä¿äÀÏ)À»
¾È½ÄÀÏ·Î ÁöŰ°í ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ ÀÌ»óµéÀ» ½ÅºÀÇß´Ù. |
| In the
Ephrata cloisters the members, both men and women, were celibate, worked hard,
ate a mainly vegetarian diet, and lived in tiny cells, where they slept on
benches with wooden blocks as pillows, interrupting their sleep for lengthy
prayer vigils. Frequent hymn singing was part of their regimen. "Outdoor
members" were permitted marriage and lived according to a more relaxed
discipline. |
¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡¼´Â ³²³à¸¦ ºÒ¹®ÇÏ°í µ¶½ÅÀ¸·Î
Áö³»¸é¼ Èûµç ³ëµ¿À» Çß°í, ÁַΠä½ÄÀ» ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÛÀº
µ¶¹æ¿¡¼ Áö³»¸é¼ º®µ¹À» º£°³ »ï¾Æ ³ª¹«ÀÇÀÚ¿¡¼ ÀÚ¸ç
¹ãÀÌ ±íµµ·Ï ±âµµÇß´Ù. Âù¼ÛÀ» ÀÚÁÖ ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ±ÔÀ²
°¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª¿´´Ù. '°øµ¿»ýȰÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ±¸¼º¿øµé'Àº
È¥ÀÎÀ» Çã¶ô¹Þ¾Æ Á»´õ ´À½¼ÇÑ ±ÔÀ²¿¡ µû¶ó »ì¾Ò´Ù. |
| The community thrived in the mid-18th century, building quarters of a
remarkable architectural originality and establishing a gristmill, a papermill,
and in 1745 a printing press. Affiliated communities were founded in Germantown
and at Snow Hill in Franklin County. After Beissel's death (1768) the community
declined, and during the Revolution the community was decimated by smallpox.
Although Beissel's followers were pacifists, they extended hospitality to
American Revolutionary soldiers and cared for those wounded in the Battle of
Brandywine (1777); the community press printed Continental dollars. |
ÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â 18¼¼±â Áß¿±¿¡ ¹ø¼ºÇÏ¿© ¸Å¿ì µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ
°ÇÃà¾ç½ÄÀ¸·Î °Ç¹°À» Áþ°í Á¦ºÐ¼Ò¿Í Á¦Áö°øÀåÀ»
¼¼¿üÀ¸¸ç, 1745³â¿¡´Â Àμâ¼Ò¸¦ ¼¼¿ü´Ù. Àú¸ÕŸ¿î°ú
ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½º³ëÈú¿¡µµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ °øµ¿Ã¼µéÀÌ
µé¾î¼¹À¸³ª ¹ÙÀ̼¿ÀÌ Á×Àº µÚ(1768) ¼èÅðÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß°í,
µ¶¸³ÀüÀï µ¿¾È¿¡´Â õ¿¬µÎ°¡ ¹øÁ®¼ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÇ ¼ö°¡
±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ÁÙ¾ú´Ù. ¹ÙÀ̼¿ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀº
ÆòÈÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« µ¶¸³±ºµé¿¡°Ô È£ÀǸ¦
º£Ç®¾úÀ¸¸ç, ºê·£µð¿ÍÀÎ ÀüÅõ(1777)¿¡¼ ºÎ»ó´çÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀ» º¸»ìÆì ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼°¡ ¿î¿µÇÏ´ø Àμâ¼Ò´Â
¹Ì±¹ ÁöÆó¸¦ ¹ßÇàÇß´Ù. |
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In 1786 the community first allowed private ownership of property, and by
1814 the remaining members reorganized themselves as the Seventh Day German
Baptists. The Ephrata congregation was dissolved in 1934, but two small
congregations continued in central Pennsylvania in the late 1970s.
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1786³â óÀ½À¸·Î »çÀ¯Àç»êÀ»
ÀÎÁ¤Çß°í, 1814³â ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´ø ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÌ 'Á¦7ÀÏ
µ¶ÀÏħ·Ê±³'·Î ÀçÁ¶Á÷Çß´Ù. 1934³â ¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â
ÇØ»êµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, 2°³ÀÇ ÀÛÀº Áý´ÜÀÌ 1970³â´ë¸»±îÁö
Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ ÁߺÎÁö¿ª¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡¡
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¿äÇÑ Äܶóµå ¹ÙÀ̼¿
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Beissel, Conrad, in full JOHANN CONRAD BEISSEL (b.
April 1690, Eberbach, Palatinate [now in Germany]--d. July 6, 1768, Ephrata,
Pa., U.S.), hymn writer and founder of the Ephrata religious community (1732).
The posthumous son of a German baker, Beissel experienced a religious
conversion at the age of 27 and migrated to America in 1720. He joined the
Dunkers in Pennsylvania (1724) but withdrew from them when he became convinced
that the day of worship should be the seventh rather than the first day of the
week. The community that he organized and led followed his view that celibacy
was a primary requirement for the religious person. (The religious community
declined after his death and disappeared in the course of the 19th century.)
Beissel published several collections of hymns, including Turtel Taube
(1747; "Turtle Dove"), which influenced American hymnology.
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Äܶóµå ¹ÙÀ̼¿(John Conrad Beissel), 1690³â
4¿ù µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ÆÈ¶óƼ³×ÀÌÆ® ¿¡¹ö¹ÙÈå Ãâ»ý, 1768³â 7¿ù 6ÀÏ
¹Ì±¹ Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ ¿¡ÇÁ¶óŸ¿¡¼ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Âù¼Û°¡
ÀÛ°î°¡ÀÌ¸ç ¿¡ÇÁ¶óŸ Á¾±³ °øµ¿Ã¼(1732)ÀÇ Ã¢¸³ÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
ÇÑ µ¶ÀÏ Á¦»§»çÀÇ À¯º¹Àڷημ, ¹ÙÀ̼¿Àº 27¼¼¿¡
Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °³Á¾À» °æÇèÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç 1720³â ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î
ÀÌÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â 1724³â Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼
µ¢Ä¿½º(ħ·Ê°è¿ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦´Ü)¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ¿¹¹èÀÏÀÌ
ÁÖÀÇ Ã¹Â°ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 7¹øÂ° ÀÏÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
±ú´Ý°í¼ ¹°·¯³µ´Ù. ±×°¡ Á¶Á÷ÇÏ¿© À̲ø¾ú´ø °øµ¿Ã¼´Â
Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ µ¶½ÅÀÌ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ
¿ä°ÇÀ̶ó´Â ±×ÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ» µû¶ú´Ù. (ÀÌ Á¾±³Àû °øµ¿Ã¼´Â
±×ÀÇ »çÈÄ¿¡ ¼èÅðÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç 19¼¼±â¿¡ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù.) ¹ÙÀ̼¿Àº
¿©·¯ °îÀÇ Âù¼Û°¡µéÀ» ÀÛ°îÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, Turtel Taube(1747;
"Turtle Dove")°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Âù¼Û°¡¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ»
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. |
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