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Religion

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Ephrata Community

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Ephrata Community, U.S. Protestant monastic settlement, an offshoot of the Germantown Dunkers, founded in 1732 by Johann Conrad Beissel  on Cocalico Creek in Lancaster County, Pa.; the present town of Ephrata grew up around it. Beissel and his followers observed the sabbath on the seventh day and espoused ascetic ideals.  ¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ °øµ¿Ã¼(¦¡¦¡ ÍìÔÒô÷, Ephrata Community), ¹Ì±¹ °³½Å±³ ¼öµµ°øµ¿Ã¼À̸ç, 1732³â ¿äÇÑ ÄÜ¶óÆ® ¹ÙÀ̼¿ÀÌ Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ ·©Ä¿½ºÅÍÀÇ ÄÚÄø®ÄÚÅ©¸®Å©¿¡ ¼¼¿î Àú¸ÕŸ¿î´øÄ¿½º¿¡¼­ °¥¶óÁ® ³ª¿Ô´Ù(Áö±ÝÀÇ ¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ ¸¶À»Àº ÄÚÄø®ÄÚÅ©¸®Å©¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇßÀ½). ¹ÙÀ̼¿°ú ±×ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀº Á¦7ÀÏ(Åä¿äÀÏ)À» ¾È½ÄÀÏ·Î ÁöŰ°í ±Ý¿åÁÖÀÇ ÀÌ»óµéÀ» ½ÅºÀÇß´Ù.
In the Ephrata cloisters the members, both men and women, were celibate, worked hard, ate a mainly vegetarian diet, and lived in tiny cells, where they slept on benches with wooden blocks as pillows, interrupting their sleep for lengthy prayer vigils. Frequent hymn singing was part of their regimen. "Outdoor members" were permitted marriage and lived according to a more relaxed discipline. ¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡¼­´Â ³²³à¸¦ ºÒ¹®ÇÏ°í µ¶½ÅÀ¸·Î Áö³»¸é¼­ Èûµç ³ëµ¿À» Çß°í, ÁַΠä½ÄÀ» ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÛÀº µ¶¹æ¿¡¼­ Áö³»¸é¼­ º®µ¹À» º£°³ »ï¾Æ ³ª¹«ÀÇÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¸ç ¹ãÀÌ ±íµµ·Ï ±âµµÇß´Ù. Âù¼ÛÀ» ÀÚÁÖ ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ±ÔÀ² °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª¿´´Ù. '°øµ¿»ýȰÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ±¸¼º¿øµé'Àº È¥ÀÎÀ» Çã¶ô¹Þ¾Æ Á»´õ ´À½¼ÇÑ ±ÔÀ²¿¡ µû¶ó »ì¾Ò´Ù.
The community thrived in the mid-18th century, building quarters of a remarkable architectural originality and establishing a gristmill, a papermill, and in 1745 a printing press. Affiliated communities were founded in Germantown and at Snow Hill in Franklin County. After Beissel's death (1768) the community declined, and during the Revolution the community was decimated by smallpox. Although Beissel's followers were pacifists, they extended hospitality to American Revolutionary soldiers and cared for those wounded in the Battle of Brandywine (1777); the community press printed Continental dollars. ÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â 18¼¼±â Áß¿±¿¡ ¹ø¼ºÇÏ¿© ¸Å¿ì µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ °ÇÃà¾ç½ÄÀ¸·Î °Ç¹°À» Áþ°í Á¦ºÐ¼Ò¿Í Á¦Áö°øÀåÀ» ¼¼¿üÀ¸¸ç, 1745³â¿¡´Â Àμâ¼Ò¸¦ ¼¼¿ü´Ù. Àú¸ÕŸ¿î°ú ÇÁ·©Å¬¸°¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½º³ëÈú¿¡µµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ °øµ¿Ã¼µéÀÌ µé¾î¼¹À¸³ª ¹ÙÀ̼¿ÀÌ Á×Àº µÚ(1768) ¼èÅðÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß°í, µ¶¸³ÀüÀï µ¿¾È¿¡´Â õ¿¬µÎ°¡ ¹øÁ®¼­ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ÁÙ¾ú´Ù. ¹ÙÀ̼¿ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀº ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« µ¶¸³±ºµé¿¡°Ô È£ÀǸ¦ º£Ç®¾úÀ¸¸ç, ºê·£µð¿ÍÀÎ ÀüÅõ(1777)¿¡¼­ ºÎ»ó´çÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» º¸»ìÆì ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼°¡ ¿î¿µÇÏ´ø Àμâ¼Ò´Â ¹Ì±¹ ÁöÆó¸¦ ¹ßÇàÇß´Ù.

In 1786 the community first allowed private ownership of property, and by 1814 the remaining members reorganized themselves as the Seventh Day German Baptists. The Ephrata congregation was dissolved in 1934, but two small congregations continued in central Pennsylvania in the late 1970s.

 1786³â óÀ½À¸·Î »çÀ¯Àç»êÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çß°í, 1814³â ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´ø ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÌ 'Á¦7ÀÏ µ¶ÀÏħ·Ê±³'·Î ÀçÁ¶Á÷Çß´Ù. 1934³â ¿¡ÇÁ·¯Å¸ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â ÇØ»êµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, 2°³ÀÇ ÀÛÀº Áý´ÜÀÌ 1970³â´ë¸»±îÁö Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ ÁߺÎÁö¿ª¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.¡¡

JOHANN CONRAD BEISSEL

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Beissel, Conrad, in full JOHANN CONRAD BEISSEL (b. April 1690, Eberbach, Palatinate [now in Germany]--d. July 6, 1768, Ephrata, Pa., U.S.), hymn writer and founder of the Ephrata religious community (1732).

The posthumous son of a German baker, Beissel experienced a religious conversion at the age of 27 and migrated to America in 1720. He joined the Dunkers in Pennsylvania (1724) but withdrew from them when he became convinced that the day of worship should be the seventh rather than the first day of the week. The community that he organized and led followed his view that celibacy was a primary requirement for the religious person. (The religious community declined after his death and disappeared in the course of the 19th century.) Beissel published several collections of hymns, including Turtel Taube (1747; "Turtle Dove"), which influenced American hymnology.

Äܶóµå ¹ÙÀ̼¿(John Conrad Beissel), 1690³â 4¿ù µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ÆÈ¶óƼ³×ÀÌÆ® ¿¡¹ö¹ÙÈå Ãâ»ý, 1768³â 7¿ù 6ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ ¿¡ÇÁ¶óŸ¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Âù¼Û°¡ ÀÛ°î°¡ÀÌ¸ç ¿¡ÇÁ¶óŸ Á¾±³ °øµ¿Ã¼(1732)ÀÇ Ã¢¸³ÀÚÀÌ´Ù.

ÇÑ µ¶ÀÏ Á¦»§»çÀÇ À¯º¹Àڷημ­, ¹ÙÀ̼¿Àº 27¼¼¿¡ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °³Á¾À» °æÇèÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç 1720³â ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â 1724³â Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼­ µ¢Ä¿½º(ħ·Ê°è¿­ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦´Ü)¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ¿¹¹èÀÏÀÌ ÁÖÀÇ Ã¹Â°ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 7¹øÂ° ÀÏÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í¼­ ¹°·¯³µ´Ù. ±×°¡ Á¶Á÷ÇÏ¿© À̲ø¾ú´ø °øµ¿Ã¼´Â Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À־ µ¶½ÅÀÌ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¿ä°ÇÀ̶ó´Â ±×ÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ» µû¶ú´Ù. (ÀÌ Á¾±³Àû °øµ¿Ã¼´Â ±×ÀÇ »çÈÄ¿¡ ¼èÅðÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç 19¼¼±â¿¡ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù.) ¹ÙÀ̼¿Àº ¿©·¯ °îÀÇ Âù¼Û°¡µéÀ» ÀÛ°îÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, Turtel Taube(1747; "Turtle Dove")°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Âù¼Û°¡¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

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