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| Amish, also called AMISH MENNONITE, member of a conservative
Christian group in North America, primarily members of the Old Order Amish
Mennonite Church. |
¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ(¦¡¦¡ ÷ï, Amishes), Amishes Mennonite¶ó°íµµ
Çϸç, ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ´Â º¸¼öÀûÀÎ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ´Üü·Î¼, ¿ø·¡´Â ±¸(ÏÁ)¾Ï¸¸¸Þ³ëÆÄ ±³È¸(Old Order Amish Mennonite Church)ÀÇ
±³µµµéÀ̾ú´Ù. |
| They originated in Europe as followers of Jakob Ammann, a
17th-century Mennonite elder whose teachings caused controversy and schism
during the years 1693-97 among the Mennonites in Switzerland, Alsace, and south
Germany. Ammann insisted that any Mennonite who had been excommunicated should
be shunned or avoided by all other Mennonites and that anyone who told a
falsehood should be excommunicated. He introduced washing of feet into the
worship service and taught that church members should dress in a uniform manner,
that beards should not be trimmed, and that it was wrong to attend services in a
state church. Although Ammann subsequently sought reconciliation with the
Mennonites who disagreed with him, he continued to insist that all who had been
excommunicated should be avoided, and reconciliation attempts failed. Amish
settlements and congregations sprang up in Switzerland, Alsace, Germany, Russia,
and Holland, but migration to North America in the 19th and 20th centuries and
assimilation with Mennonite groups gradually eliminated the Amish in Europe. |
À̵éÀº ¾ßÄÚÇÁ ¾Ï¸¸ÀÇ
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¸Þ³ëÆÄ Àå·Î¿´À¸¸ç, 1693~97³â¿¡ ½ºÀ§½º, ¾ËÀÚ½º(Áö±ÝÀº
ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡ ÀÖÀ½), ³²ºÎ µ¶ÀÏ µîÁöÀÇ ¸Þ³ëÆÄµé¿¡°Ô ³íÀï°ú
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±³È¸µéÀº ½ºÀ§½º¡¤¾ËÀÚ½º¡¤µ¶ÀÏ¡¤·¯½Ã¾Æ¡¤³×´ú¶õµå µîÁö¿¡
ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, 19, 20¼¼±â¿¡ ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«·Î ÀÌÁÖÇØ°¡°Å³ª ¸Þ³ëÆÄ
±×·ì¿¡ µ¿ÈµÇ¾î°¨À¸·Î½á À¯·´ÀÇ ¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ±³µµµéÀº Á¡Â÷
ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
| The Amish began migrating to North America early in the 18th century and
first settled in eastern Pennsylvania, where a large settlement is still found.
Schisms and disruptions occurred after 1850 because of tensions between the
"old order," or traditional Amish, and those who wished to adopt
"new order" or progressive methods and organizations. During the next
50 years about two-thirds of the Amish either formed separate, small churches of
their own or joined either the Mennonite Church or the General Conference
Mennonite Church. (See Mennonite
.) |
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µé¾î¿Í ¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ Áý´ÜµéÀº ¼ºÎ Ææ½Çº£À̴ϾÆ, ¿ÀÇÏÀÌ¿À,
Àεð¾Ö³ª, Áß¾Ó Àϸ®³ëÀÌ, ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í, ³×ºê·¡½ºÄ«, ĵÀÚ½º,
¿ÂŸ¸®¿À µîÁö¿¡¼µµ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. '±¸ÆÄ'ÀÎ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ
»ç¶÷µé°ú '»õ·Î¿î üÁ¦', °ð Áøº¸ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ý°ú Á¶Á÷µéÀ»
µµÀÔÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ ±äÀå »óÅ·ΠÀÎÇØ 1850³â ÀÌÈÄ
¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ´Â ºÐ¿°ú È¥¶õ¿¡ È۽ο´´Ù. ±×µÚ 50³â µ¿¾È ¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ
±³µµµé °¡¿îµ¥ 2/3°¡·®ÀÌ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ÀÛÀº ±³È¸µéÀ»
Çü¼ºÇϰųª ¸Þ³ëÆÄ ±³È¸³ª ¸Þ³ëÆÄ ÃÑȸ¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇß´Ù. (¡æ ¸Þ³ëÆÄ) |
| Those who continued the characteristic lifestyle of the Amish are primarily
members of the Old Order Amish Mennonite Church. In the late 20th century there
were about 50 Old Order Amish settlements in the United States and Canada; the
largest were located in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas.
Their settlements are divided into church districts that are autonomous
congregations composed of about 75 baptized members. If the district becomes
much larger it is again divided because the members meet in each other's homes.
There are no church buildings. Each district has a bishop, two to four
preachers, and an elder; but there are no general conferences, mission groups,
or cooperative agencies. The Amish differ little from the Mennonites in formal
doctrine. Holy Communion is celebrated twice each year, and washing of feet is
practiced by both groups. Adults are baptized when they are admitted to formal
membership in the church at about age 17 to 20. Services are conducted in
Palatine German with a mixture of English, commonly known as Pennsylvania Dutch. |
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°¡ÀÔÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤µÈ 17 ~20¼¼ÀÇ ¼ºÀο¡°Ô º£Ç¬´Ù. ¿¹¹è´Â ÆÈ¶óƾ(Palatine)
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Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ ³×´ú¶õµå¾î¶ó°íµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù. |
|
The Amish are best known for their severely plain clothing and their
nonconformed way of life. The men wear broadbrimmed black hats, beards--but not
moustaches--and homemade plain clothes fastened with hooks and eyes instead of
buttons. The women wear bonnets, long full dresses with capes over the
shoulders, shawls, and black shoes and stockings. No jewelry of any kind is
worn. This cultural nonconformity is thought by the Amish to be obedience to
biblical strictures, but it is primarily the continuance of 17th-century
European rural costume. The Amish also shun telephones and electric lights and
drive horses and buggies rather than automobiles. They are generally considered
excellent farmers, but they often refuse to use modern farm machinery. Children
attend public elementary schools and are not sent to high schools. This practice
has caused the Amish some difficulty because of compulsory school attendance
laws, and some Amish parents have gone to jail rather than allow their children
to go to high school.
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