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George Ripley
Ripley, George
(b. Oct. 3, 1802, Greenfield, Mass., U.S.--d. July 4, 1880, New York, N.Y.),
journalist and reformer whose life, for half a century, mirrored the main
currents of American thought. He was the leading promoter and director of Brook
Farm (q.v.), the celebrated utopian community at West Roxbury, Mass., and
a spokesman for the utopian socialist ideas of the French social reformer
Charles Fourier. Ripley became literary critic for the New York Tribune, and his articles and reviews were widely
syndicated. He was an arbiter of taste and culture for much of the reading
public. (see also Brook
Farm)
Ripley was reared as an orthodox
Congregationalist, but he entered the Unitarian ministry after graduating from
Harvard Divinity School in 1826. While pastor of Boston's Purchase Street
Church, he was a member of the Transcendentalists' Club and an editor of The
Dial, the prototypal "little magazine."
In 1841 Ripley left the pulpit to found
the Brook Farm community. For the next six years he directed Brook Farm and
promoted Fourier's ideas. Brook Farm survived until 1847, when financial
setbacks forced it to close. Ripley was himself in dire financial straits but
determined to pay off the remaining Brook Farm debts; he took a job with Horace
Greeley's New York Tribune as book
reviewer, city news writer, and translator of foreign news dispatches. His
financial position remained precarious until the publication of The
Cyclopedia (1862), a widely acclaimed reference book that he coedited.
As a literary critic Ripley was
cautious, scholarly, and courteous; he was commonly judged the ablest critic of
his day. He wrote one of the few popular reviews of Charles Darwin's On
the Origin of Species. Ripley's popular success lay in his ability to
reflect the values, aspirations, and tastes of the educated Americans of the
age.
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