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Mumford, Lewis
(b. Oct. 19, 1895, Flushing, N.Y., U.S.--d. Jan. 26, 1990, Amenia, N.Y.),
American architectural critic, urban planner, and historian who analyzed the
effects of technology and urbanization on human
societies throughout history.
Mumford studied at the City College of
New York and at the New School for Social Research. While a student he was
influenced by the writings of Patrick Geddes, who was one of the pioneers of
modern urban planning. Mumford became an associate editor of the Dial
(1919) and wrote architectural criticism and urban commentary for The
New Yorker magazine from 1931 to 1963.
Mumford's early writings, both in
periodicals and in books, established him as an authority on American
architecture, art, and urban life as interpreted within their larger social
context. His book Sticks and Stones (1924)
is an insightful historical account of American architecture. The
Golden Day (1926; reprinted 1934, 1957) and The
Brown Decades: A Study of the Arts in America, 1865-1895 (1931) are more
general studies of the origins and development of American culture. The four
books in Mumford's "Renewal of Life" series are: Technics
and Civilization (1934), The Culture
of Cities (1938), The Condition of Man
(1944), and The Conduct of Life
(1951). In these works Mumford criticized the dehumanizing tendencies of modern
technological society and urged that it be brought into harmony with humanistic
goals and aspirations. One of Mumford's key works is The
City in History (1961), a sweeping historical study of the city's role in
human civilization.
Mumford taught and held numerous
research positions. He received the U.S. Medal of Freedom (1964) and was
decorated Knight of the Order of the British Empire (1943).
Among Mumford's late works is The
Myth of the Machine, 2 vol. (1967-70), a harshly critical historical
reassessment of technology's role in human development. He wrote several
autobiographical works, including My Work
and Days: A Personal Chronicle (1979).
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Donald L. Miller, Lewis
Mumford: A Life (1989), is an extensive analytical biography. David R.
Conrad, Education for Transformation:
Implications in Lewis Mumford's Ecohumanism (1976), explores Mumford's
philosophical views; and the literary background of his social reformism is
outlined in Lewis F. Fried, Makers of the
City (1990). |
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the Arts in America, 1865~1895¡µ(1931)´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¹®ÇС¤¿¹¼ú¡¤°ÇÃà¿¡
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¡´±â¼ú°ú ¹®¸í Technics and Civilization¡µ(1934)¡¤¡´µµ½Ã ¹®È
Culture of Cities¡µ(1938)¡¤¡´ÇàÀ§ÇÏ´Â Àΰ£ Men Must Act¡µ(1939)
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Machine¡µ(1967~70)´Â Àηù¹ßÀü¿¡ °úÇбâ¼úÀÌ ´ã´çÇØ¿Â
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¡´³ªÀÇ Çй®°ú »ý¾Ö : °³ÀÎÀû ¿¬´ë±â My Work and Days : A
Personal Chronicle¡µ(1979)¡¤¡´»î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Ò¹¦ : ·çÀ̽º ¸ØÆÛµå
ÀÚ¼Àü Sketches from Life : the Autobiography of Lewis Mumford, the Early
Years¡µ(1982) µî ÀÚÀüÀû Àú¼µµ ½è´Ù.
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