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Orestes Brownson
(b. Sept. 16, 1803, Stockbridge, Vt.,
U.S.--d. April 17, 1876, Detroit, Mich.), American writer on theological,
philosophical, scientific, and sociological subjects.
Self-educated and originally a
Presbyterian, Brownson subsequently became a Universalist minister (1826-31); a
Unitarian minister (1832); pastor of his own religious organization, the Society
for Christian Union and Progress (1836-42); and, in 1844, a Roman Catholic,
which he remained. During the period 1830-70, he wrote on Calvinism, labour and
social reform, Transcendentalism, Roman Catholicism, states' rights, democracy,
nativism, and emancipation.
Philosophically, he was a moderate
follower of the positivist Auguste Comte and the systematic eclectic Victor
Cousin. Before his conversion to Roman Catholicism, he supported the views of
the British social reformer Robert Owen. His versatility was expressed in
mystical poetry and an interest in philosophy and social amelioration. Typical
of his many writings are The
Spirit-Rapper: An Autobiography (1854); The
Convert (1857); and The American
Republic (1865), in which he based government on ethics, declaring the
national existence to be a moral and even a theocratic entity, not depending for
validity upon the sovereignty of the people.
Brownson published Brownson's Quarterly Review (1844-75) as a journal of personal
opinion, except for the years 1865-72. After Brownson's death, his son, Henry F.
Brownson, collected and published his Works
(1882-1907) in 20 volumes. In 1955 Alvan S. Ryan issued The Brownson Reader.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Orestes
A. Brownson (1939, reissued 1963); Theodore Maynard, Orestes
Brownson (1943, reissued 1971); Thomas R. Ryan, Orestes
A. Brownson (1976).
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Orestes Augustus Brownson
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Universalist) ¸ñ»ç(1826~31), À¯´ÏÅ׸®¾ðÆÄ ¸ñ»ç(1832), ½º½º·Î
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Union and Progress) ¸ñ»ç(1836~42)·Î º¯½ÅÇß°í, 1844³â °¡Å縯À¸·Î
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¸¹Àº Àú¼ °¡¿îµ¥ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¡´¿µÈ¥À» µÎµå¸®´Â °Í :
ÀÚ¼Àü The Spirit-Rapper : An Autobiography¡µ(1854)¡¤¡´°³Á¾ÀÚ The
Convert¡µ(1857)¡¤ ¡´¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« °øÈ±¹ The American
Republic¡µ(1865) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡´¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« °øÈ±¹¡µ¿¡¼ ±×´Â
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ÄõÅи® ¸®ºä Brownson's Quarterly Review¡µÁö¸¦ ¹ßÇàÇߴµ¥(1844~75),
À̰ÍÀº 1865~72³âÀÇ ±â°£À» »©°í´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÀǰßÀ»
¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ÀâÁö¿´´Ù. Á×Àº µÚ ¾ÆµéÀÎ Ç F. ºê¶ó¿î½¼ÀÌ ¡´ÀüÁý
Works¡µ(20±Ç, 1882~1907)À» Æì³Â´Ù. ±×¿¡ °üÇÑ Àú¼·Î´Â ¾Ù¹ø S.
¶óÀ̾ðÀÇ ¡´ºê¶ó¿î½¼ ÀÛǰ ÇØ¼³ The Brownson Reader¡µ(1955), A.M.½¶·¹Â¡°ÅÀÇ
¡´¿À·¹½ºÆ¼½º A. ºê¶ó¿î½¼ Orestes A. Brownson : A Pilgrim's
Progress¡µ(1939), T. ¸ÞÀ̳ʵåÀÇ ¡´¿À·¹½ºÆ¼½º ºê¶ó¿î½¼ Orestes
Brownson : Yankee, Radical, Catholic¡µ(1943) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
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