Ta hsüeh
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´ëÇÐ (ÓÞùÊ)
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Ta hsüeh (Chinese: "Great Learning"), Pinyin DA XUE, brief
Chinese text generally attributed to the ancient sage Confucius (551-479 BC)
and his disciple Tseng-tzu. For centuries the text existed only as a chapter
of the Li
chi ("Collection of Rituals"), one of the Five Classics (Wu
Ching) of Confucianism. When Chu Hsi, a 12th-century philosopher,
published the text separately as one of the "Four Books" (Ssu shu),
it gained lasting renown.
Ta hsüeh
states that world peace is impossible unless a ruler first regulates his own
country. But no ruler can do this without first setting his own household in
order. This action in turn presupposes that he has oriented his personal life
by rectifying his heart and acquiring sincerity. These virtues are the natural
consequence of expanded wisdom that results from investigating all things. Ta
hsüeh thus views good government and world peace as inseparably
bound up with a ruler's personal virtue that begins to flourish when study
develops into wisdom.
In a preface to Ta hsüeh,
Chu Hsi explained that the treatise is a means to personal development. Each
individual, he says, must cultivate benevolence (jen), righteousness (i),
propriety (li), and wisdom (chih), but virtue will not be
acquired in equal measure by all. Heaven, therefore, will see to it that the
most virtuous man will rule--as was the case with Fu Hsi, Shen Nung, Huang Ti,
Yao, and Shun (the five legendary rulers during China's prehistoric golden
age). See
also Ssu shu .
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ZENGSI
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ÁõÀÚ (ñôí)
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Pinyin ZENGSI, also called (Wade-Giles) TSENG TS'AN (b. 505 BC--d. c.
436 BC), Chinese philosopher, disciple of Confucius, believed to be the
author of the Ta hsüeh ("Great Learning"). In this
classic, a part of the Li Chi ("Record of Rites") and one
of the Four Books, he discussed the great importance of the Confucian
virtues chung
("loyalty") and shu
("reciprocity").
Tseng-tzu was highly influential in reaffirming the Confucian emphasis on
the virtue of hsiao
("filial piety"). He enumerated the three degrees of filial piety:
honouring father and mother, not disgracing them, and being able to support
them.
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ÁõÀÚ (ñôí), (º´)Zengsi (¿þ)Tsengtzu. BC
505~436°æ. Áß±¹ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ. À̸§Àº »ï(ß³).
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