IWW

세계산업노동자연맹

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), byname WOBBLIES, radical labour organization founded in Chicago in 1905 by representatives of 43 groups in opposition to such policies of the American Federation of Labor as its acceptance of capitalism and its refusal to include unskilled workers in craft unions. Among the founders of the IWW were William D. Haywood of the Western Federation of Miners, Daniel De Leon of the Socialist Labor Party, and Eugene V. Debs of the Socialist Party. In 1908 the IWW split into two factions, one advocating political action to attain its goals, the other eschewing politics and advocating general strikes, boycotts, and sabotage. The latter faction, under the leadership of Haywood, prevailed, and the IWW became a revolutionary organization dedicated to gaining control of the means of production by the workers. Its tactics often led to arrests and sensational publicity; when IWW organizer Joe Hill was executed in 1915 on a disputed murder charge, he became a martyr and folk hero in the labour movement. The organization won its greatest victories in the mining and lumbering industries of the Pacific Northwest.

The IWW was the only labour organization to oppose U.S. participation in World War I, and during the war IWW leaders sought to tie up copper production in western states. The federal government responded by prosecuting and convicting some of those leaders under newly enacted Sabotage and Espionage Acts. In the postwar years, the IWW was subject to harassment and further prosecution by local officials responding to widespread antiradical sentiments. By 1925 membership in the IWW had dwindled to insignificance.

세계산업노동자연맹

世界産業勞動者聯盟

Industrial Workers of the World(IWW)

1905년 미국 시카고에서 창설된 급진적인 노동운동조직.

미국노동총연맹(AFL)이 자본주의를 수용하고 직업별 노동조합에 미숙련 노동자들을 받아들이기를 거부하자 이러한 정책에 반대하는 서부광산노동자연합의 윌리엄 D. 헤이우드, 사회주의노동당의 다니엘 드리온, 사회당의 유진 V. 뎁스 등이 만들었다. 1908년 IWW는 목표를 이루기 위해서는 정치행동을 해야 한다는 파와 정치행동을 삼가면서 총파업·불매운동·사보타주를 하자는 파로 분열되었다. 헤이우드가 이끄는 후자의 입장이 우세해지자 IWW는 노동자의 생산수단 통제력 획득을 목표로 하게 되었다. 이런 투쟁방식으로 인해 구속자를 내면서 여론에 충격파를 던졌는데, 1915년 살인혐의로 사형된 IWW의 조직가 조 힐은 미국 노동운동의 대중적 영웅으로 떠오르기도 했다. IWW는 태평양 연안 미국 북서부 지방에서 벌어진 광산업 및 제재업 부분 투쟁에서 큰 승리를 거두었다. 1925년에 이르자 조합원이 크게 줄어들어 영향력이 거의 없어졌다.