|
Read, Sir Herbert
(b. Dec. 4, 1893, Muscoates Grange, Kirbymoorside, Yorkshire [now
Kirkbymoorside, North Yorkshire], Eng.--d. June 12, 1968, Malton, Yorkshire
[now in North Yorkshire]), poet and critic who was the chief advocate and
interpreter of modern art movements in Great Britain from the 1930s. His
critical scrutiny embraced society, art, and literature from the point of
view of a philosophic anarchist.
Read grew up on a farm, and he
described his childhood in The
Innocent Eye (1933), incorporated with other autobiographical writings
in The Contrary Experiences (1963).
After working in a bank, he went to the University of Leeds. He served for
three years as an infantry officer during World War I. War and his lost
childhood appear often as themes in his several volumes of poetry, beginning
with Naked Warriors (1919); his
first Collected Poems was
published in 1926, his last in 1966. He was an important influence among a
group of poets of the 1940s known as the "New Apocalypse," who
reacted against the political and cerebral poetry of the 1930s.
Read became an assistant keeper at
the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, after World War I, taught at the
University of Edinburgh (1931-32), and edited the Burlington
Magazine (1933-39). He lived in London in the 1930s near the artists and
sculptors Henry Moore, Barbara
Hepworth, and Ben Nicholson, and his
interest helped establish their work. Writing, teaching, and work in
publishing occupied his later years. He was knighted in 1953.
Important to Read's theories of art
and literature is the distinction that he first made in Form in Modern Poetry (1932) between organic and abstract form. He
favoured the organic, which takes shape to meet the needs of a particular
expression, rather than abstract form, superimposed on a given content.
Read's many critical works include Art
Now (1933, rev. ed. 1936, 1948), Art
and Industry (1934), Art and
Society (1936), Education Through
Art (1943), and The Philosophy of
Modern Art (1952). His The True
Voice of Feeling: Studies in English Romantic Poetry (1953) revived the
reputation of the Romantic poets. Read's emphasis on the importance of art
in learning influenced British education, and his support of functionalism
left its impress on British design. The
Contrary Experience: The Autobiography of Herbert Read was published
posthumously in 1974. |
¸®µå (Sir Herbert Read). 1893. 12. 4 ¿µ±¹ ¿äÅ©¼Å
Ä¿ºñ¸Ó»çÀÌµå ¸Ó½ºÄÚÃ÷±×·£Áö~1968. 6. 12 ¿äÅ©¼Å ¸ôÅÏ. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ½ÃÀΡ¤ºñÆò°¡.
1930³â´ëºÎÅÍ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¿îµ¿À» ´ëº¯Çϰí ÇØ¼®ÇßÀ¸¸ç,
öÇÐÀû ¹«Á¤ºÎÁÖÀÇÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ »çȸ¡¤¿¹¼ú¡¤¹®ÇÐ µî ¿©·¯
ºÐ¾ß¿¡ °üÇÑ Ä¡¹ÐÇÑ ºñÆòÀ» Çß´Ù. ³óÀå¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶õ ±×´Â
³ªÁß¿¡ ¡´ÃµÁøÇÑ ´«¸Å The Innocent Eye¡µ(1933)¿¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
¾î¸°½ÃÀýÀ» ±×·Á³Â´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛǰÀº ¡´Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æÇè The Contrary
Experience¡µ(1963)¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚÀüÀû ÀÛǰµé°ú ÇÔ²² ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀºÇà¿¡¼ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¸®Áî´ëÇб³¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÇßÀ¸¸ç, Á¦1Â÷
¼¼°è´ëÀü ¶§´Â 3³â µ¿¾È º¸º´Àå±³·Î º¹¹«Çß´Ù. ÀüÀï°ú
ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ¾î¸°½ÃÀýÀº 1919³âÀÇ Ã¹ ½ÃÁý ¡´¹ú°Å¹þÀº Àü»ç Naked
Warriors¡µºÎÅÍ 1926³âÀÇ ¡´½Ã¼±Áý Collected Poems¡µÀ» °ÅÃÄ 1966³âÀÇ
¸¶Áö¸· ½ÃÁý¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ÀÚÁÖ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ÁÖÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â
1930³â´ë À¯ÇàÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ̰í ÁöÀûÀÎ ½Ã¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÑ 1940³â´ëÀÇ
À̸¥¹Ù ' ½Å°è½ÃÆÄ'(New Apocalypse) ½ÃÀεé
°¡¿îµ¥¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» °¡Áø Àι°À̾ú´Ù.
ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³ µÚ ¸®µå´Â ·±´ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºòÅ丮¾Æ ¾Øµå ¾Ù¹öÆ®
¹Ú¹°°üÀÇ ºÎ°üÀåÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1931~32³â ¿¡µç¹ö·¯´ëÇб³¿¡¼
°¡¸£Ãưí, 1933~39³â ¡´¹ú¸µÅÏ ¸Å°ÅÁø Burlington Magazine¡µÀ»
ÆíÁýÇß´Ù. 1930³â´ë ·±´ø¿¡¼ Ç ¹«¾î, ¹Ù¹ö·¯ Çñ¿ö½º, º¥
´ÏÄݽ¼ µî Ȱ¡³ª Á¶°¢°¡µé°ú ¾î¿ï·Á Áö³Â°í ±×ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀº
±×µéÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸¸³â¿¡´Â ±ÛÀ» ¾²°í,
°¡¸£Ä¡°í, ÃâÆÇÀ» ÇÏ¸é¼ º¸³Â´Ù. 1953³â ±â»çÀÛÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
¹®Çаú ¿¹¼ú¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸®µåÀÇ À̷п¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¡´Çö´ë½ÃÀÇ
ÇüÅ Form in Modern Poetry¡µ(1932)¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î Á¦±âÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ
À¯±âÀû Çü½Ä°ú Ãß»óÀû Çü½ÄÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÑ µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø
³»¿ë¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©Áö´Â Ãß»óÀû Çü½Äº¸´Ù ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀÇ Çʿ並
ÃæÁ·½ÃŰ´Â ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÏ´Â À¯±âÀû ÇüŸ¦ ´õ ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡Çß´Ù.
¡´¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú Art Now¡µ(1933)¡¤¡´¿¹¼ú°ú »ê¾÷ Art and Industry¡µ(1934)¡¤¡´¿¹¼ú°ú
»çȸ Art and Society¡µ (1936)¡¤¡´¿¹¼úÀ» ÅëÇÑ ±³À° Education Through
Art¡µ (1943)¡¤¡´Çö´ë¿¹¼úÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ The Philosophy of Modern Art¡µ(1952)
µî ¸¹Àº ºñÆò¼¸¦ ³»³õ¾Ò´Ù. ¡´°¨Á¤ÀÇ Áø½ÇµÈ
¸ñ¼Ò¸®£º³¶¸¸ÁÖÀÇ ½Ã´ë ¿µ±¹½Ã ¿¬±¸ The True Voice of Feeling£ºStudies
in English Romantic Poetry¡µ (1953)´Â ³¶¸¸ÁÖÀÇ ½ÃÀεéÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦
Àϱú¿î Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±³À°°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀÇ Á߿伺À» °Á¶ÇØ
¿µ±¹ÀÇ ±³À°¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í, ±â´ÉÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁöÁöÇØ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ
µðÀÚÀΰ迡µµ Å« ÀÚÃ븦 ³²°å´Ù. ÀÚ¼Àü ¡´Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ
°æÇ裺Çã¹öÆ® ¸®µåÀÇ ÀÚ¼Àü¡µÀº 1974³â¿¡ ÃâÆÇµÇ¾ú´Ù.
|
- Àú¼
- µðÀÚÀηР: H. ¸®µå,
Á¤½ÃÈ ¿ª, ¹ÌÁø»ç, 1989
- Çö´ë¹Ì¼úÀÇ ¿ø¸® : H. ¸®µå,
±èÀ±¼ö ¿ª, ¿È´ç, 1989
- Á¶°¢À̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ : H. ¸®µå,
ÀÌÈñ¼÷ ¿ª, ¿È´ç, 1987
- ¿¹¼úÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì : H. ¸®µå,
¹Ú¿ë¼÷ ¿ª, ¹®¿¹, 1985
- ¿¬±¸¼
- Çã¹öÆ® ¸®µåÀÇ ¹®ÇкñÆò°ü ¡´¿µ¹Ì¾î¹®ÇСµ 2 :
Àå°©»ó,
Çѱ¹¿µ¾î¿µ¹®ÇÐȸ ºÎ»êÁöºÎ, 1974
- Çã¹öÆ® ¸®µåÀÇ Ãʱ⠹®ÇÐÀÌ·Ð ¡´¿µ¾î¿µ¹®ÇСµ 29 :
ÀÌ»ó¼·, Çѱ¹¿µ¾î¿µ¹®ÇÐȸ, 1969
|