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Can a War Ever be Just?

ÀüÀïÀº Á¤ÀÇ·Î¿ï ¼ö°¡ Àִ°¡?

     What would happen if every Christian, Jew, and Moslem, decided that war was not the will of God.  The governing authorities would have no one to fight their wars. Therefore it has been essential that states enlist the services of theologians and church leaders to  "theology for war."  For the Christian this takes the form of the "Just War Theory" as developed by Augustine (A.D. 306-337) and has since been adopted by the majority of Christian denominations. Prior to the fourth century, the Church was only occupied with its own survival, but during the time of Augustine, the Roman Government and the Christian Church joined forces. The Roman Empire needed the services of the Church to supply men for the army, and the Church felt it needed legitimacy from the Roman government to insure it survival. This was the Church's opportunity to fulfill the mission that they envisioned was their destiny: To dominate and lead the Empire, and perhaps the world. But large scale social change would require force against those who were unconverted to the Christian teachings. From this milieu came the teachings of Augustine and the "Just War" theory. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎ, À¯´ëÀÎ, ȸ±³ÀεéÀÌ Á¦°¢±â ÀüÀïÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¶æÀ» ¸ðÀº´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ°Ú½À´Ï±î. ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ±Ç·ÂµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ½Î¿ï »ç¶÷À» ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±¹°¡´Â "ÀüÀï ½ÅÇÐ"À» À§ÇÏ¿© ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¿äûÇÔÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀο¡°Ô ÀÌ ½ÅÇÐÀº ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾(±â¿ø 306-337)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¹ßÀüµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌÈÄ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ Á¾ÆÄµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ äÅÃµÈ "Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð"ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 4 ¼¼±â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±³È¸´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÚüÀÇ »ýÁ¸¿¡¸¸ ±Þ±ÞÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾ ½Ã´ë¿¡´Â, ·Î¸¶Á¦±¹ Á¤ºÎ¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµ ±³È¸°¡ ±º´ë¿¡ ÇÕ·ùÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ·Î¸¶Á¦±¹Àº ±º´ë º´·ÂÀ» °ø±ÞÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ±³È¸ÀÇ µµ¿òµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±³È¸´Â ½º½º·ÎÀÇ »ýÁ¸À» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ·Î¸¶ Á¤ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ Àû¹ýÈ­°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼½À´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ±³È¸°¡ ±¸»óÇÑ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±âȸ¿´À¸¸ç ±×µéÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ̾ú½À´Ï´ÙÁ¦±¹, ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­ ¼¼°è¸¦ Áö¹èÇϰí À̲ø¾î °¡´Â °Í. ±×·¯³ª ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ »çȸÀû º¯ÇõÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î °³Á¾ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Àڵ鿡 ¸Â¼³ ±º´ë°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹è°æ¿¡¼­ ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú "Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï" ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù

     The Roman Empire is gone but the relationship still exists between the Church and State primarily because of the Just War Theory, that supplies all the soldiers the State needs for its plans of conquest and domination. Why does this relation remain? Because it works so well. Every time a nation finds itself in trouble, or has plans for expansion it calls on the Church to pronounce that the cause is "just." Once the Church states that a war falls under the banner of a "just" war all Christians are supposed to be willing to surrender their lives in the great and noble cause.

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·Î¸¶Á¦±¹Àº »ç¶óÁ³Áö¸¸ ±× °ü°è´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ±³È¸¿Í ±¹°¡ »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯´Â[Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð] ¶§¹®À̸ç, À̷μ­ Á¤º¹°ú Áö¹è¸¦ À§ÇÑ °èȹµé¿¡ ±¹°¡°¡ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç º´»çµéÀ» °ø±ÞÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö ÀÌ·± °ü°è°¡ Á¸¼ÓÇմϱî? ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé À̰ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ÀÛµ¿Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ óÇϰųª, ÆØÃ¢ÇÏ·Á´Â °èȹÀ» °¡Áú ¶§¸é ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±× ¸íºÐÀÌ "Á¤ÀÇ·Ó´Ù"°í ±³È¸°¡ ¼±¾ðÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿äûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü ±³È¸°¡ ¾î¶² ÀüÀïÀÌ "Á¤ÀÇÀÇ" ÀüÀïÀ̶ó´Â ±ê¹ß¾Æ·¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇϸé, ¸ðµç ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀº À§´ëÇÏ°í ¼þ°íÇÑ ¸íºÐ¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹ÙÄ¡µµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

What is a "Just War"?

"Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï"Àº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?

     The Just War theory (JWT) holds that war may be justifiable under certain criteria. A war is "just" if it is fought for the right reasons (to punish evil, to preempt aggression, to defend the innocent), in the right manner (after all attempts at peace have failed, with the least amount of destruction to property and non combatants, and with mercy to the enemy), and by the right authorities (the State). 

[Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð](JWT)Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ±âÁØ ¾Æ·¡¼­´Â ÀüÀïÀÌ Á¤´çÈ­µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (¾ÇÀÇ ÀÀ¡, ħ·«ÀÇ ºÀ¼â, ¹«°íÇÑ ÀÚµéÀ» ¹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇÑ) Á¤´çÇÑ ¸íºÐµéÀ» À§Çؼ­, (ÆòÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç ½ÃµµÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ, Àç»ê°ú ºñÀüÅõ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ ÆÄ±« ¹× ¿ø¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚºñ¸¦ º£Çª´Â) Á¤´çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í  Á¤´çÇÑ ´ç±¹µé(±¹°¡)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é ÀüÀïÀº "Á¤ÀÇ·Ó´Ù"°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù
     During the time of Augustine there existed a constant threat of heresies (competing interpretations of the Christian faith) that threatened the Church. It was because of these competing ideologies that Augustine began to teach that the Church must use the same forms of protection and advancement, used so successfully by the Roman Empire. Up until this time the Church was entirely pacifistic and refused to participate in any war, under threat (promise) of excommunication. Thereafter, war, violence, threat and coercion became a means for the conversion of heathen, to punish the sinners, and protection of the Christian faith as they sought to preserve it. ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾ ½Ã´ë¿¡´Â ±³È¸¸¦ À§ÇùÇÏ´Â (±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÇØ¼®µé¿¡ ¸Â¼­´Â) À̴ܵéÀÇ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â À§ÇùÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌµé ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â À̳äµé ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾Àº ±³È¸°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ·Î¸¶Á¦±¹ÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ °Í°ú ¶È°°Àº ÇüÅÂÀÇ º¸È£¿Í ÁøÈïÃ¥À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë ÀÌÀü ±îÁö´Â, ÆÄ¹®ÀÇ À§Çù(¾à¼Ó) ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­µµ, ±³È¸´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀÇ¿´À¸¸ç ¾î¶² ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü°¡µµ °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ, ÀüÀï, Æø·Â, Çù¹Ú ¹× °­Á¦°¡ À̱³µµÀÇ °³Á¾, ÁËÀεéÀÇ Ã³¹ú ¹× ±×µéÀÌ À¯ÁöÇϰíÀÚ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ´ë·ÎÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ º¸È£¸¦  ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù

Timeline

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  • AD 100: The Church at this time was decisively pacifistic and did not participate in the military or hold any government offices. 

  • AD 311: Constantine declares religious freedom, clergy excused from political and civic duty, and the Church begins to receives monetary grants  from the government.

  • AD 380: Emperor Theodosius in the East and Gratian in the West, establish Christianity as the official religion of the Empire.

  • AD 416:The Roman Empire requires all soldiers to become Christians.

  • ±â¿ø 100 ³â: ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ±³È¸´Â ´ÜÈ£È÷ ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀÇ¿´À¸¸ç ±º´ë¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¾î¶² °øÁ÷µµ °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
  • ±â¿ø 311 ³â: ÄܽºÅºÆ¾ ´ëÁ¦´Â Á¾±³ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇϰí, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû ½Ã¹ÎÀû Àǹ«¸¦ ¸éÁ¦ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±³È¸´Â Á¤ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀçÁ¤Àû º¸Á¶±ÝÀ» ¹Þ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù.
  • ±â¿ø 380 ³â: Å׿Àµµ½Ã¿ì½º ȲÁ¦°¡ µ¿¹æ¿¡¼­, ±×¶ó½Ã¾È ȲÁ¦´Â ¼­¹æ¿¡¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¸¦ Á¦±¹ÀÇ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ Á¾±³·Î ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù.
  • ±â¿ø 416 ³â: ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹Àº ¸ðµç º´»çµéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÎÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ» Àǹ«È­ÇÏ´Ù.
     In a period of little over 300 years the Church went from ardent pacifists to fighting the battles of Rome. The clergy were excused from this lunacy yet the clergy strongly advocated it for the laymen. The participation in war became a "moral prerogative" that was to be required of all Christians. It was at this point that the early theologians began to differentiate between the clergy and the "rest of the believers." The non clergy (laymen) were no longer expected, or required, to maintain the high ethical and moral code required of the priests. The word itself, (clergy), came to mean "called of God" and the word "layman" simple meant "all the rest," (from laos, the "people"). 300 ¿©³âÀÌ Áö³ª´Â ±â°£¿¡ ±³È¸´Â ¿­·ÄÇÑ ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé·Î Ãâ¹ßÇÏ¿© ·Î¸¶Á¦±¹ÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ½Î¿ì°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ·± ¹ÌÄ¡±¤ÀÌ ³îÀ½¿¡¼­ ¸éÁ¦¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀº Æò½Åµµµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀï¿¡ ³ª°¥ °ÍÀ» °­·ÂÈ÷ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀï Âü¿©´Â ¸ðµç ±×¸®½ºµµÀε鿡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇµµ·Ï µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â "µµ´öÀû Ư±Ç"ÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ Á¡¿¡¼­ ÃʱâÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ¿Í ³ª¸ÓÁö ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ Â÷º°À» µÎ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ (Æò½Åµµ)µéÀº »çÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ À±¸®Àû ¹× µµ´öÀû À²¹ýÀ» À¯ÁöÇÔÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±â´ëµÇÁöµµ, ¿ä±¸µÇÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ(clergy)¶õ ¸» ÀÚü´Â "Çϳª´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÎ¸§¹ÞÀ½"À» ÀǹÌÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, "Æò½Åµµ(layman)"Àº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ "¸ðµç ³ª¸ÓÁö »ç¶÷µé" (laos, "»ç¶÷µé"¿¡¼­)À» ÀǹÌÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
     Its is a mistake to believe that the Just War Theory was to solely be used to justify the enlistment of the Christian to fight in the wars of the government. The Just War Theory was also to enlist the government to wage war on the behalf of the advancement of the Church.The theme of the Just War Theory was to punish sinners, and to restore order to the State, which in turn preserved the integrity of the Church of the Empire. It was these very teachings that gave us the inquisitions of the Middle Ages. After the fall of the roman Empire the Roman Catholic Church remained the sole power and as such ruled the Western world for a thousand years through violence and war. All dissension was stamped out for the "preservation of social order" and for the "ultimate redemption of the unconverted." It was the core of the Just War Theory that allowed the soldiers of the Church to carry out war, not only on other nations, but also on humankind itself. During this dark age, all religious dissension was eradicated by the sword under the banner of the Just War Theory. If one did not accept the teaching of the Church, his/her property was seized, children taken from the home and the torture chamber awaited them. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÌ ¿À·ÎÁö Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀüÀïµé¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ½Î¿ì±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÔ´ëÇÔÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÔ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇµµ·Ï ÀǵµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀº À߸øÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ý´ë·Î ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁøÈïÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°µµ·Ï µ½µµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÔÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦´Â ÁËÀεéÀ» ó¹úÇÔ, ±×¸®°í ±¹°¡ÀÇ Áú¼­¸¦ ȸº¹ÇÔÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´Â ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é Á¦±¹ÀÇ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼ø¼ö¼ºÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Áß¼¼ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Á¾±³ÀçÆÇÀ» ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °¡Á®´Ù ÁØ °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °¡¸£Ä§µéÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ·Î¸¶Á¦±¹ÀÌ ¸ô¶ôÇÏÀÚ ·ÎÄ« Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸¸¸ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±Ç·ÂÀ¸·Î ³²¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, À̸®ÇÏ¿© Æø·Â°ú ÀüÀïÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© õ³âµ¿¾È ¼­±¸ ¼¼°è¸¦ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ¹Ý´ëÆÄµéÀº »çȸ Áú¼­ À¯Áö¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ±×¸®°í "ºñ °³Á¾ÀÚµéÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀû ±¸¿ø"À» À§ÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼âµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ º´»çµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àηù ±× ÀÚü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀüÀïÀ» ¼öÇàÅä·Ï ¿ëÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÏÈæÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡, ¸ðµç Á¾±³Àû ¹Ý´ëÆÄ´Â [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÇ ±âÄ¡ ¾Æ·¡ Ä®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¸»¼ÒµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´©±¸¶óµµ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×/±×³àÀÇ Àç»êÀº ¸ô¼öµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ³àµéÀº °¡Á¤¿¡¼­ ºÙµé·Á °¬À¸¸ç °í¹®½ÇÀÌ ±×µéÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
     During the Crusades of the 10th and 11th centuries, the Just War Theory was used to justify the killing, torture, and enslavement of hundred of thousands of Moslems, Jews and even fellow Christians ( e.g.. the Christians of Constantinople who were slaughtered by the Christians of the West). A "holy war" was a battle against the infidels and thereby justifiable under the Just War Theory. An infidel is the enemy of God and thereby either must be destroyed or converted. Either way, it will be done by force. But, is the infidel really an enemy of God? In fact, it is not that they are an enemy of God as that they are an enemy of the Church. When the Church is controlled by worldly men/women then they will use worldly tactics to advance their cause. Rather than appeal from a heart of love, for the conversion of the heretics, they will use the power of the sword. 10 ¼¼±â¿Í 11 ¼¼±âÀÇ ½ÊÀÚ±º ÀüÀï µ¿¾È, [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]Àº ¼ö½Ê¸¸ÀÇ È¸±³µµµé, À¯´ë±³ÀÎµé ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î µ¿·á ±×¸®½ºµµÀεé(ÀÏ·Ê·Î, ¼­·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµÀε鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© »ì·ú´çÇÑ ÄܽºÅºÆ¼³ëÇÃÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεé)À» Á×ÀÌ°í °í¹®ÇÏ¸ç ³ë¿¹È­ÇÔÀ» Á¤´çÈ­Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. "¼º½º·¯¿î ÀüÀï"Àº ÀÌ´ÜÀڵ鿡 ¸Â¼­±â À§ÇÑ ÀüÀïÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Á¤´çÈ­µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´ÜÀÚ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿ø¼ö¿´À¸¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î °ÝÆÄµÇ°Å³ª °³Á¾µÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ¾î´À ÂÊÀÌµç ¹«·ÂÀ¸·Î ÇàÇØÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´ÜÀÚµéÀº Á¤¸»·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀûÀԴϱî? »ç½Ç ±×µéÀÌ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀûÀÌ´õ¶óµµ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±³È¸°¡ ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÅëÁ¦µÉ ¶§ ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¸íºÐÀ» ÁÖÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀΠå·«À» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´ÜÀÚµéÀ» °³Á¾Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¶ûÀÇ ¸¶À½À¸·Î È£¼ÒÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â, ±×µéÀº Ä®ÀÇ ÈûÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù

     When Augustine became the author and chief proponent of the Just War Theory, it seemed it would be an uphill battle. But, he and the leaders of the State saw it as an absolute necessary battle. During this time the Christian religion was becoming the official religion of all Rome. All the soldiers were soon to be declared "Christian" by edict. Therefore, if Christians were not permitted to fight in wars or even be in the military, by the Church leaders, then the Roman army would be powerless. In order for the State to adopt Christianity as the State religion, pacifism had to go. The State got what it wanted, and the Church of Rome got what it wanted...an opportunity and power to eradicate all heresies. The price was our sons and daughters who will die fighting under the myth of the "Just War Theory," which is still in use today!

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¾î°Å½ºÆ¾ÀÌ [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚ ¹× Áß¿äÇÑ ÁÖâÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ±×°ÍÀº Èûµç ÀüÅõó·³ º¸¿´À» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±×¿Í ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ±×°ÍÀº Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀüÀïÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã±â¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³´Â Àüü ·Î¸¶ÀÇ °ø½Ä Á¾±³·Î ºÎ»óÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç º´»çµéÀº Á¶¸¸°£ Ä¢·É¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© "±×¸®½ºµµÀÎ:À¸·Î ¼±¾ðµÇµµ·Ï ¿¹Á¤µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ÀüÀïµé¿¡¼­ ½Î¿ì´Â °ÍÀ̳ª ±º´ë¿¡ ÀÔ´ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±³È¸ ÁöµµÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ·Î¸¶ ±º´ë´Â ¹«·ÂÇØÁú °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¸¦ ±¹°¡ÀÇ Á¾±³·Î äÅÃÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀÇ´Â ¹°·¯°¡¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡´Â ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ò¾úÀ¸¸ç, ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ±³È¸´Â ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏÀº °Í - ¸ðµç ÀÌ´ÜÀÚµéÀ» Àü¸ê½Ãų ±âȸ¿Í ±Ç·Â - À» ¾ò¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ´ë°¡´Â "Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð"ÀÇ ½ÅÈ­ ¾Æ·¡¼­ ½Î¿ì´Ù°¡ Á׾ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾Æµéµþ µéÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù

A Brief Look at the Ideas of the Just War Theory                                                           

[Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÇ °³³äµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£·«ÇÑ °íÂû

     A sovereign state has the right to wage a war against another. This war may be defensive (if attacked) or offensive,  to punish evil. A war is "just" if it is for the right cause conducted in the right manner. A just war may be waged to prevent aggression in the future. A Just War may be waged for the defense of another nation that is deemed to be innocent. This war must be officially declared, and noncombatant immunity must be granted (protection of civilians), and proportionality of damage must be used in relation of the good achieved.  µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ Àϰ³ ±¹°¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀº (°ø°Ý´çÇÒ ½Ã¿¡´Â) ¹æ¾îÀûÀ̰ųª ¾ÇÀ» ó¹úÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °ø°ÝÀûÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ Á¤´çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ´Â Á¤´çÇÑ ¸íºÐÀ» À§Çؼ­¶ó¸é "Á¤ÀÇ·Ó´Ù". Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀïÀº ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Ä§·«À» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÇàÇØÁú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï]Àº ¹«°íÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹æ¾î¸¦ À§Çؼ­µµ ¼öÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±Æ÷µÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ºñÀüÅõ¿øÀÇ ¸éÃ¥ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ¾î¾ßÇϰí(¹Î°£ÀÎÀÇ º¸È£), ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Â ¼±¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÏ¿© ¼Õ»óÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ Á¤ÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
    The above was embraced by both Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. Augustine based his beliefs on theological grounds using the Old Testament  as an example. Aquinas, to avoid the New Testament arguments, chose to base his conclusions for the Just War Theory on  philosophical grounds (Aristotle). Both see war not only as a social obligation but also a necessary part of Christian love. The teachings of Jesus and the Apostles presented a great challenge to the proponents of war. Augustine attempts to make a his case for war from a Biblical perspective borrowing almost exclusively from the Old Testament,( again, please note that if we continue to use the Old Testament as a model for our hunger for war and genocide...we have no hope) while Aquinas abandons any of hope of that avenue and , instead, makes a case from the "natural law" perspective. Aquinas argues the war is a natural means for preserving the peace of the "common good" and can be used for the protection of and promotion of the "divine law." As such, war becomes the natural means for punishing sinners, and through their punishment a warning to all others. Also, killing heretics is permissible for the "protection of the believing community." The Church of that time believed that it was their responsibility, both socially and theologically, to punish sinners and failure to do so only emboldened them, furthering the endangerment of the believing community. À§ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾°ú Å丶½º ¾ÆÄû³ª½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °øÈ÷ ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾Àº ±¸¾à¼º¼­¸¦ º»º¸±â·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ ½ÅÇÐÀû Åä´ë À§¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ±âÃÊÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÄû³ª½º´Â, ½Å¾à¼º¼­ÀÇ ³íÁõµéÀ» ȸÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, (¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½ºÀÇ) öÇÐÀû ±Ù°ÅÀ§¿¡ [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]À» À§ÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °á·ÐÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷Àº ÀüÀïÀ» »çȸÀû Àǹ«·Î¼­ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÇ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î º¸°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¿¹¼ö¿Í »çµµµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§µéÀº ÀüÀïÀÇ ÁöÁöÀڵ鿡°Ô´Â Ä¿´Ù¶õ µµÀüÀ» ¾È°ÜÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾Àº, °ÅÀÇ ¹èŸÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸¾à¼º¼­¿¡¼­ ºô·Á¿Â ¼º°æÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, (´Ù½Ã ¸»¾¸µå¸®ÀÚ¸é, ÀüÀï°ú ´ëÇл쿡 ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¾ÁÖ¸²À» ä¿ì´Â ÀüÇüÀ¸·Î¼­ ±¸¾à¼º¼­¸¦ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é...¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Èñ¸ÁÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù), ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ ¸¸µé·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¾ÆÄû³ª½º´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °è¿­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² Èñ¸Áµµ Æ÷±âÇϰí, ´ë½Å¿¡, "ÀÚ¿¬¹ý"ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ¿¹½Ã¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÄû³ª½º´Â "°øÅëÀÇ ¼±"ÀÇ ÆòÈ­¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¼ö´ÜÀ̸ç "½ÅÀûÀÎ ¹ý"À» º¸È£Çϰí Àå·ÁÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À̸®ÇÏ¿©, ÀüÀïÀº ÁËÀεéÀ» ó¹úÇÔ¿¡ À־ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ µÇ¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ Ã³¹úÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °æ°í°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ´ÜÀÚµéÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº "¹ÏÀ½ÀÖ´Â °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ º¸È£"¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Çã¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ ±³È¸´Â, »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ½ÅÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î °øÈ÷ ÁËÀεéÀ» ó¹úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Ã¥¹«À̸ç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×µéÀ» ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í, ¹ÏÀ½ÀÖ´Â °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ À§ÇùÀÌ Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

     An interesting difference between Augustine and Aquinas is that Augustine strongly believed that self defense was prohibited, and that lying for any reason was a sin against God. Interesting that we can kill those who disagree with us but...we cannot tell a lie. But, Aquinas held that lying in war was acceptable as a part of war itself. For example, the ambush was a necessary component of battle and yet the basic tactic of the ambush was based on deceit and deception. Likewise, Aquinas understood the contradiction of not being able to defend your life unless ordered to do do in a war, and taught that a Christian did have the right to self defense.

¾î°Å½ºÆ¾°ú ¾ÆÄû³ª½º »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾Àº Àڱ⠹æ¾î°¡ ±ÝÁöµÈ´Ù°í °­·ÂÈ÷ ±ÝÁöµÇ¸ç, ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­µçÁö °ÅÁþÀº Çϳª´ÔÀ» ´ëÀûÇÏ´Â Á˾ÇÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿Í »ý°¢À» ´Þ¸®ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á×ÀÏ ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸...¿ì¸®´Â °ÅÁþ¸»À» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Ï Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÄû³ª½º´Â ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ¼ÓÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÀï ÀÚüÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î¼­ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ¸Åº¹Àº ÀüÅõ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼ÒÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸Åº¹ÀÇ ±âº»Àû Àü¼úÀº °ÅÁþ°ú ¼ÓÀÓ¼öÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÆÄû³ª½º´Â ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ¸í·É¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½ÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀ» ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀº Àڱ⠹æ¾îÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃƽÀ´Ï´Ù
Please note that pacifism, the right to non violence, was reserved for the clergy alone. Augustine, Aquinas, and contemporary Roman Catholic doctrine divide the Christian community into "classes" of which the clergy class are afforded certain privileges that are not for the "layman."   ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀÇ´Â, Áï ºñÆø·ÂÀÇ ±Ç¸®´Â, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ¿¡°Ô¸¸ ¿¹ºñµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â Á¡À» À¯ÀÇÇϽʽÿÀ. ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾, ¾ÆÄû³ª½º, ±×¸®°í µ¿½Ã´ëÀÇ ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ °è±ÞÀº Æò½Åµµµé¿¡°Ô´Â ¾ø´Â ÀÏÁ¤Çå Æ¯±ÇµéÀÌ ºÎ¿©µÇ´Â °è±Þµé·Î °¥¶ó ³õ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

"Clerics and bishops must not fight because warlike pursuits hinder the mind very much  from the contemplation of Divine things. The clergy have a special vocation to imitate the non violence of Christ, but this is not obligatory for the laity" (The Cambridge History of the Bible 2-2.40.2; cf. 2-2 64.4).

¡¡

"¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµé°ú ÁÖ±³µéÀº ½Î¿ö¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀüÀïÀÇ Ãß±¸´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ »ç¾÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í»óÀ» ½É°¢È÷ ¹æÇØÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºñÆø·ÂÀ» ¸ð¹æÇؾßÇÒ Æ¯º°ÇÑ »ç¸íÀ» °¡ÁöÁö¸¸, À̰ÍÀº Æò½Åµµ¿¡°Ô´Â Àǹ«ÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù" (ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö ¼º¼­ ¿ª»ç 2-2.40; Âü°í 2-2 64.6)

     It was not so much that they rejected pacifism, they just rejected it for others. The clergy remains behind to contemplate the divine while sending out the laity to kill. There are no "classes" of Christians in the Bible, in fact the opposite is true. 

±×µéÀÌ ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀǸ¦ °ÅºÎÇÑ °ÍÀº ±×¸® Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Æò½ÅµµµéÀ» »ìÀÎÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ³»º¸³»´Â µ¿¾È ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸í»óÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© µÚ¿¡ ³²½À´Ï´Ù. ¼º¼­¿¡´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀε鿡°Ô ¾î¶² "°è±Þµé"µµ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, »ç½Ç ÀÌ Á¤¹Ý´ë°¡ Áø¸®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

"For you are all children of God by faith in Jesus Christ.....There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave or free, male nor female: for you are all one in Christ." Galatians 3:26,28.

¡¡

"³ÊÈñ°¡ ´Ù ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ±×¸®½ºµµ ¿¹¼ö ¾È¿¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï... ³ÊÈñ´Â À¯´ëÀÎÀ̳ª Çï¶óÀÎÀ̳ª Á¾À̳ª ÀÚÁÖÀÚ³ª ³²ÀÚ³ª ¿©ÀÚ ¾øÀÌ ´Ù ±×¸®½ºµµ ¿¹¼ö ¾È¿¡¼­ ÇϳªÀ̴϶ó" °¥¶óµð¾Æ¼­ 3:26,28.

 

     The above verse makes no provision for a hierarchy of classes. Theology for the clergy must apply to the laity as well and  it is of the imagination and not of God.

À§ÀÇ ±¸ÀýÀº °è±Þ ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± Á¶Ç×À» µÎÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÅÇÐÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã Æò½Åµµ¿¡°Ôµµ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀº °¡°øÀÇ °ÍÀÌÁö Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.

Does the State have the divine "Right to War?"

±¹°¡´Â "ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ±Ç¸®"¸¦ °¡Áö´Â°¡?

     Understand that this is the Church giving moral permission to the State to wage war. Where does the Church derive its authority to give such permission? Does the Government need justification from the Church to wage war? In effect, this is not a message to the government but a message to the Christian. It is the first step in the justification of asking, if not demanding, the Christian to serve in the wars of the world. If the Christian believer is led to believe that the State has a God given right to wage war against another then that Christian is obligated to fight that war. Herein lies the importance of the State gaining the approval of the Church. Therefore, Churches declare a war "just" by refereenceing the Just War Theory.

±¹°¡°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µµ´öÀû ½ÂÀÎÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ±³È¸¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ±³È¸°¡ ±×·± ½ÂÀÎÀ» ÇÏ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀº ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇ°Ú½À´Ï±î? Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°±â À§ÇÏ¿© ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤´çÇÔÀ» ¾ò¾î¾ß Çմϱî? »ç½Ç, À̰ÍÀº Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀ» ÇâÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ÀüÀïµé¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÌ Âü¿©Åä·ÏÇÏ´Â ¿ä±¸´Â ¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ, ¿äûÇÔÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÔ¿¡ À־ ù¹øÂ° ´Ü°èÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ½ÅÀÚ°¡ ±¹°¡°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ³»¸° ÀüÀï ¼öÇàÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù°í ¹Ï°ÔµÈ´Ù¸é, ±× ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÎÀº ±× ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ½Î¿ö¾ß ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀְԵ˴ϴÙ. ¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¿¡ ±¹°¡°¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¾òÀ½ÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ±³È¸µéÀº [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]À» ÂüÁ¶ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇÑ ÀüÀïÀ» "Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù"°í ¼±¾ðÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Please note the following: Why do Christians believe the Just War Theory to be correct? Many denominations (nearly all) support the Just War theory. Churches champion the Just War Theory because it is popular. We war because it pleases our lustful natures. We want to get our revenge, to settle scores, to "teach someone a lesson." We know better and we repress these feelings as a child of God because we know that God alone shall judge the wicked. Yet, when our Churches give theological permission to let loose the dogs of war, our base nature takes advantage. ´ÙÀ½À» À¯ÀÇÇϽʽÿÀ: ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀº ¿Ö [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]À» ÇÕ´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï±î? ¸¹Àº Á¾ÆÄµé(°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµÎ´Ù)Àº [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]À» ÁöÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±³È¸µéÀº [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÌ  ´ëÁßÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿ËÈ£ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÀïÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Å½¿å½º·± º»¼ºÀ» Áñ°Ì°Ô Çϱ⶧¹®¿¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â º¹¼ö¸¦ °±°í, ¿øÇÑÀ» Ç®°í, "´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô º»¶§¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í" ½Í¾î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¼¼»óÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´Ô ¸¸ÀÌ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚµéÀ» ½ÉÆÇÇÏ½Ç °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÚ³à·Î¼­ ÀÌ·± °¨Á¤µéÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±³È¸µéÀÌ ÀüÀïÀ̶ó´Â °³µéÀ» Ç®¾î ³õ°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ³»¸± ¶§, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÃµÇÑ º»¼ºÀº °í°³¸¦ µå´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù
     Think carefully on the proposition, that a State has a divine right to wage war, (for any reason). A "State" is a secular entity, it is not an extension of the Church. Therefore, they may wage war anywhere, anytime, and for any purpose. They do not have to ask permission of God or the Church. But, always when battle plans are being planned they invoke the name and assistance of God and the service of the Church to pronounce their cause  "just." ±¹°¡°¡ (¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­µç) ÀüÀïÀ» ¼öÇàÇÒ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áø´Ù´Â ¸íÁ¦¸¦ ÁÖÀDZí°Ô »ý°¢ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. "±¹°¡"´Â ¼¼¼ÓÀÇ Á¸ÀçÀ̸ç, ±³È¸ÀÇ È®ÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ±×µéÀº ¾îµð¿¡¼­µç, ¾ðÁ¦µç, ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Îµç ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀ̳ª ±³È¸ÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¾òÀ» Çʿ䰡 ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ÀüÀï °èȹÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¶§¸é ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×µéÀÇ ¸íºÐÀ» "Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù"°í ¼±¾ðÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À̸§°ú µµ¿ò ±×¸®°í ±³È¸ÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» È£¼ÒÇÕ´Ï´Ù

When Augustine advanced his Just War Theory, the State and the Church were becoming one and the same. To advance the cause of the State was to advance the cause of the Church. During the middle ages, the State and the Church were one and the same which made the Just War Theory essential for the advancement of the power and the teachings of the Church. This epoch of time was one of the bleakest periods in its recorded history.

¾î°Å½ºÆ¾ÀÌ [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]À» ³»³õ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ±¹°¡¿Í ±³È¸´Â Çϳª·Î¼­ µ¿ÀÏü°¡ µÇ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¸íºÐÀ» °­È­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº°ð ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸íºÐÀ» °­È­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Áß¼¼½Ã´ë¿¡, ±¹°¡¿Í ±³È¸´Â ´ÜÀÏü·Î¼­ ±Ç·Â°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§µéÀ» °­È­ÇÔ¿¡ À־ [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]Àº ÇʼöÀûÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â À¯»çÀÌ·¡ °¡Àå ºÒÅõ¸íÇÑ ±â°£µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

     The government needs you to believe that the ideals of the State are the ideals of the Church and the Christian faith. If you will believe, then you will become a willing soldier to fight in their wars against evil and the defense of the innocents. This model has been proven time and again. The soldiers of Germany were told they were fighting for God against the the aggressor allies. The Americans were told that God fought with them during this time of great danger against the axis's powers. Iraqi and Iranian children are taught from the cradle that Americans are the "Great Satan" and to battle against them is an Holy Act....on and on the story goes.

¡¡

Á¤ºÎ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÀÌ»óµéÀÌ ±³È¸¿Í ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÀÌ»óµéÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹Ï´Â´Ù¸é, ¾Ç°ú ¹«°íÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ ¹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ±â²¨ÀÌ ½Î¿ì´Â º´»ç°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¸ðµ¨Àº ½Ã´ë¸¦ µÇÇ®ÀÌÇϸ鼭 Áõ¸íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÀÏÀÇ º´»çµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ Ä§·«ÀÚ µ¿¸Í±¹µé¿¡ ¸Â¼­¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù°í µé¾úÀ¾´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ÀÌ·± ¾öû³ª°Ô À§ÇèÇÑ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÁÖÃà±¹ ¼¼·Âµé¿¡ ¸Â¼­¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±×µé°í ÇÔ²² ½Î¿î´Ù°í µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À̶óÅ©¿Í À̶õÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀº ¿ä¶÷¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº "ÁÖµÈ »çź"À̸ç, ±×µé°ú ¸Â¼­ ½Î¿ì´Â °ÍÀº [¼º½º·¯¿î ÇàÀ§]¶ó°í ¹è¿ì¸ç,... ³¡¾øÀÌ À̾߱â´Â ÁøÇàµË´Ï´Ù
Understand...the existence of the Church of the living God is not dependent on the existence of the State! Every great civilization has fallen, but the Church continues on, and always will until Christ returns for His children. ±ú´ÞÀ¸½Ê½Ã¿À... »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç À§´ëÇÑ ¹®¸íÀº ¸ê¸ÁÇßÁö¸¸, ±³È¸´Â °è¼ÓµË´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±×ÀÇ ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ôµµ µ¹¾Æ¿Ã ¶§±îÁö °è¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

     Ask yourself the question: Where do we find the authority to attach God's name to any of our activities, much less war? Have we not learned from the  Ten Commandments  that: 

½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô Áú¹®À» ÇÏ¿© º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ¿ì¸®´Â ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À̸§À» ¿¬°üÁöÀ» ±Ç¸®¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ¿ì¸®´Â ½Ê°è¸í¿¡¼­ À̰°ÀÌ ¹è¿ìÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï±î?: 
"You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that takes His name in vain." (Exodus 20:1-17) "³Ê´Â ³ÊÀÇ Çϳª´Ô ¿©È£¿ÍÀÇ À̸§À» ¸Á·ÉµÇÀÌ ÀÏÄÂÁö ¸»¶ó ³ª ¿©È£¿Í´Â ³ªÀÇ À̸§À» ¸Á·ÉµÇÀÌ ÀÏÄ´ ÀÚ¸¦ ÁË ¾ø´Ù ÇÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϸ®¶ó." (Ãâ¾Ö±Þ±â 20:1-17)
     When we are children we understood the above verse to mean "not to use foul language with God's name." As adults we know that it is not what we say that offends God, but what we do. As theologians we know that to "use God's name in vain" is to use God's name to further our desires or our projects. By way of example.... If one wishes to build a new church building and the members are not very responsive to the idea, the pastor may begin to say that "this new building is the Will of God and must go forward." This pastor is using God's name in vain by attaching His holy name to his  pet project. When a State wishes to war with another, it has no right or authority to refer to it as a Holy War, or that God is in any way associated with the declaration. But leaders have learned that it is a simple matter to use God's name to lend legitimacy to his/her projects. ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¸± ¶§¿¡ À§ÀÇ ±¸ÀýÀÌ "Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ´õ·¯¿î ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»" °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ¹è¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ» °Å½½¸®´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÅÇÐÀڷμ­ ¿ì¸®´Â "Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À̸§À» ¸Á·ÉµÇÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â" °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿å¸ÁµéÀ̳ª °èȹµéÀ» ³ÐÈ÷±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µéÀÚ¸é...  ´©±º°¡°¡ »õ·Î¿î ±³È¸ °Ç¹°À» Áþ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ¸ç ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÌ ±× »ý°¢¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î È£ÀÀÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±× ¸ñÀÚ´Â ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î °Ç¹°Àº [Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ]ÀÌ¸ç ¹Þµå½Ã ÁøÇàÀ» ÇØ¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù"¶ó°í ¸»Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ñÀÚ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¼º½º·¯¿î À̸§À» ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °èȹ¿¡ ¿¬°üÁöÀ½À¸·Î½á Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À̸§À» ÇêµÇÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿Í ÀüÀïÀ» ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ±×°ÍÀÌ [¼º½º·¯¿î ÀüÀï]À̶ó°í ÀÏİųª, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¾î´À¸ð·Î ±× ¼±¾ð°ú ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¾Æ¹«·± ±ÇÇÑÀ̳ª ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °èȹµé¿¡ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ºÎ¿©Çϱâ À§ÇØ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½±´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü½À´Ï´Ù.
     When it comes to war, the government expects and depends upon the Church to give its approval. This is critical, for if the Church does not oppose the war then it must be a Just War, and thereby worthy of the blood of the followers of Christ. In essence, it becomes a holy war, a war against sinners. But, does the government invite the leaders of the Church to sit at the planning meeting of the Pentagon and the White House? Would the leaders of the Church have all the facts necessary to determine if the action was just or unjust. Would the leaders of the Church oppose the Government if they thought the war was unjust? ÀüÀï¿¡ À̸£°Ô µÇ¸é, Á¤ºÎ´Â ±³È¸°¡ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÂÀÎÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ±â´ëÇϸç ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ·ÁÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Ä¡¸íÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸¸ÀÏ ±³È¸°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï]À̸ç, ±×·ÎÀÎÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇǸ¦ ºÎ¸¦ °¡Ä¡°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î, ±×°ÍÀº ¼º½º·¯¿î ÀüÀï, Áï ÁËÀεéÀ» ÇâÇÑ ÀüÀïÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» ±¹¹æ¼ºÀ̳ª ¹é¾Ç°üÀÇ ÀÛÀüȸÀÇ¿¡ ¹è¼®Çϵµ·Ï ÃÊûÇմϱî? ±× ÇàÀ§°¡ Á¤´çÇÑÁö ºÎ´çÇÑÁö °áÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç½ÇµéÀ» ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ÀüÀïÀÌ ºÎ´çÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇÒ±î¿ä
     Please note: The State does not let the Church make any decision as to whether we wage war or not. The government wages war for reasons they deem to be justifiable and then seek support of the Church, which they have never found lacking. The Church has been supportive of every war ever fought by America, including the Civil War, and the invasions of sovereign countries. Therefore, if the State has the right to declare war, knowing they will have the support of the Church, why does the Church think they have the right to set the rules of warfare? ÁÖ¸ñÇϽʽÿÀ: ±¹°¡´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» Çϴ°¡ ¸¶´Â°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² °áÁ¤µµ ³»¸®µµ·Ï ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â ±×µéÀÌ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ÀÌÀ¯µé·Î¼­ ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°¸ç ±×¸®°í³ª¼­ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöÁö¸¦ ±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯¸é ±³È¸´Â °áÄÚ ±× ÁöÁö¸¦ ¾Æ³¤ÀûÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±³È¸´Â, ³»Àü ±×¸®°í µ¶¸³±¹°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä§°øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ½Î¿ö ¿Â ¸ðµç ÀüÀïµéÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ±¹°¡°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±¹°¡°¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¾òÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿Ö ±³È¸´Â ±º»ç ÇൿÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çմϱî?

    The Just War Theory is for one purpose and it is not to give the State peace of mind. The Just War Theory is to enlist you to fight in the wars of the world and to offer up your children to kill and be killed for purposes unknown, all the while believing we are in the army of God, advancing the cause of righteousness and securing peace for future generations.

[Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]Àº ÇÑ °¡Áö ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÔÀÌ¸ç ±×°ÍÀº Á¤ºÎ¿¡°Ô ¸¶À½ÀÇ ÆòÈ­¸¦ ÁÖ·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]Àº ¼¼»óÀÇ ÀüÀïµé¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ½Î¿ï °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇùÁ¶¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ¸ç ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ ¾Ë¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸ñÀûµéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Á×À̰ųª Á×ÀÓÀ» ´çÇÒ °ÍÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ÀÌ¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±º´ë¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸íºÐÀ» ³»¼¼¿ì¸ç, ¹Ì·¡ ¼¼´ëµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆòÈ­¸¦ º¸ÀåÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù
     The State will find a thousand reason to wage war on its neighbors and all of their reasons will be for the advancement of humankind! We will never know what the true cause might be. Because we can never know why we fight...then how is it possible to determine the "justness" of the battle. This is why we say no, to all wars! Because none of them can be determined in terms of good or bad, right or wrong. A war may start out for righteous causes and end up in the perpetuation of evil. We do what we know to be right, without mystery or confusion, and that is to live at peace with our neighbors, love our enemies, and allow ourselves to be "persecuted in the name of Christ." ±¹°¡´Â ±× ÀÌ¿ôµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¼öõ°¡ÁöÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÌÀ¯µéÀº ÀηùÀÇ Áøº¸¸¦ À§ÇÔÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù! ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿Ö ½Î¿ì´ÂÁö °áÄÚ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù... ±×·¸´Ù¸é ½Î¿òÀÇ "Á¤ÀǷοò"À» °áÁ¤ÇÔÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡´ÉÇϰڽÀ´Ï±î?. À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ðµç ÀüÀïµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.! ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ÀüÀïµé Áß ¾î´À°Íµµ ¼±ÇÏ´Ù ¶Ç´Â ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ç´Ù ¶Ç´Â ±×¸£´Ù°í È®Á¤ÁöÀ» ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀïÀº Á¤´çÇÑ ¸íºÐÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵ǰÚÁö¸¸ ¾ÇÀÇ ¿µ¼ÓÈ­·Î ³¡³³´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â, ÀÇȤÀ̳ª È¥¶õÀ» ¾ß±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼­, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿Ç´Ù°í ¾Ë°í Àִ°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµé°ú ÆòÈ­½º·´°Ô »ì°í, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿ø¼ö¸¦ »ç¶ûÇϸç, ±×¸®°í ½º½º·Î¸¦ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î Ç̹ڹްíÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù

Is it the role of the State to "punish sinners?"

ÁËÀεéÀ» ó¹úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀΰ¡?

     A major theme in the Just War Theory is to punish. Punish who? To punish sinners. Remember, at the time Augustine was developing the Just War Theory, sinners (or evil people) were the unconverted to the teachings of the Church of Rome. Again, it was this very way of thinking that led to the atrocities of the inquisition. During the Middle Age, a sinner was not someone who was offensive to God but someone who was offensive to the Church. Therefore, according to to the interpretation of the Bible in the vein of the Just War Theory, it was perfectly acceptable to punish the sinner "for the sake of his/her future salvation." In terms of the Just War Theory as it applies to today's usage, it does not use the word "punish" or the word "sinner." Rather terms such as "to stop aggression", or "to prevent further aggression by hostile nations." They may revise the language of Augustine and the Church but they DO NOT revise the part of the Just War Theory that teaches it is the right of the State to wage war and it is the duty of the Christian to participate in such declared war. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦´Â ó¹úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´©±¸¸¦ ó¹úÇմϱî? ÁËÀεéÀ» ó¹úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±â¾ïÇϽʽÿÀ, ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾ÀÌ [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]À» Àü°³Çϰí ÀÖÀ» ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â, ÁËÀεé(¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé)Àº ·Î¸¶ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇØ °³Á¾ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¾±³ÀçÆÇÀ̶ó´Â ÂüȤÇÔÀ¸·Î À̸£°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »ç°í ¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Áß¼¼¿¡´Â, ÁËÀÎÀ̶õ Çϳª´ÔÀ» °Å¿ªÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±³È¸¿¡ °Å¿ªÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]À̶ó´Â ¼ºÇâÀ» µû¸£´Â ¼º¼­ ÇØ¼®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, "ÁËÀÎÀÇ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©" ±×¸¦Ã³¹úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ¿ë³³ÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¿ë¹ý¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ´ë·ÎÀÇ [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð] ¿ë¾î¿¡¼­´Â, "ó¹ú"À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î ¶Ç´Â "ÁËÀÎ"À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á "ħ·«À» ÀúÁöÇÏ´Â °Í", ¶Ç´Â "Àû´ë ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Â÷ÈÄÀÇ Ä§·«À» ¸·´Â °Í"°ú °°Àº ¿ë¾î·Î »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ë¾î¸¦ °³Á¤ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº, ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â °ÍÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ±Ç¸®ÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô ¼±¾ðµÈ ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ Àǹ«´Ù¶ó°í °¡¸£Ä¡´Â  [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð] ºÎºÐÀº °³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
     Sin has, and always will, carry  its own penalties. Were it the desire of God to punish sinners there would not be one of us who could withstand His wrath. We know three things unequivocally about sin and it rewards: First, the punishment of sinners has never been granted the responsibility of the State. The State has the authority to maintain order, but not to punish sinners. Secondly, the Church does not have the authority to punish sinners. Whom among us could judge in such manners? Thirdly, only God can forgive sin and punish sin. He alone is able to judge the motives behind our behaviors. We see outward, but God sees the heart. May we be forever thankful that God alone is our judge, and none other. Even we, are poor judges of ourselves, but we can trust a fair appraisal the day we are judged by the only one who counts. Lastly, sin carries its own penalties. God created this world to exist around a law of of cause and effect: bad things cause bad results, good things cause good results. This may seem an over simplification but its principles are sound. A man in prison may think God is punishing him for his evil ways, but in reality he is in prison because he committed a crime in the eyes of the society in which he lives. Neither the devil nor God had anything to do with that mans incarceration! This means the prisoner cannot blame God nor the devil and that he must own up to the fact that it was his own act that landed him in prison. Sin always has its own rewards. These penalties may be immediate or they may be slow in incoming, but sin always produces fruit that is regrettable. Á˾ÇÀº ±× ÀÚüÀÇ Çü¹úµéÀ» Áö³à¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ¾ðÁ¦³ª Áö´Ï°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÁËÀεéÀ» ó¹úÇÔÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¹Ù¶ó´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é ±×ÀÇ ºÐ³ë¸¦ °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¿ì¸® Áß¿¡ ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á˾ǰú ±×°ÍÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ´ñ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¼¼°¡Áö¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù: ù°·Î, ÁËÀÎÀÇ Ã³¹úÀÌ °áÄÚ ±¹°¡ÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡´Â Áú¼­¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡ÁöÁö¸¸, ÁËÀÎÀ» ó¹úÇÒ ±ÇÇÑÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ¹øÂ°·Î, ±³È¸´Â ÁËÀεéÀ» ó¹úÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® Áß¿¡ ´©°¡ ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ½ÉÆÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ¼¼Â°·Î, ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´Ô ¸¸ÀÌ Á˸¦ ¿ë¼­Çϰí ó¹úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ±× ¸¸ÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿±âµéÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿Ü¾çÀ» º¸Áö¸¸ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¸¶À½À» º¸½Ê´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù¸¥ Á¸Àç°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´Ô ¸¸ÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½ÉÆÇÀÚÀ̽ÉÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ °¨»çÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ½º½º·Î ÇüÆí¾ø´Â ½ÉÆÇÀÚÀÌÁö¸¸, ¼ÀÇϽô À¯ÀÏÇÑ ºÐ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ½ÉÆÇ¹Þ´Â ³¯ °øÁ¤ÇÑ Æò°¡¸¦ ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, ÁË´Â ½º½º·ÎÀÇ Çü¹úÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ¿øÀΰú °á°úÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ÇÏ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϵµ·Ï âÁ¶Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù: ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ¾ÇÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ³ªÀ¸¸ç, ¼±ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ¼±ÇÑ °á°úµé ³º½À´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ´Ü¼øÈ­½ÃŲ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ±× ¿ø¸®µéÀº ÀûÀýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °¨¿Á¿¡ °¤Èù »ç¶÷Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹úÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇϰÚÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×´Â ±×°¡ »ç´Â »çȸ¿¡¼­ »çȸÀÇ ´«À¸·Î º¸¾Æ¼­ ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁú·¶±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¨¿Á¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Ç¸¶µµ Çϳª´Ôµµ ±×ÀÇ °¨±Ý°ú´Â ¾Æ¹«·± °ü°è°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù! À̰ÍÀº Á˼ö´Â Çϳª´Ôµµ ¾Ç¸¶µµ ºñ³­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±×¸¦ °¨¿Á¿¡ °¡µÐ °ÍÀº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇàÀ§¶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÎÁ¤Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÁË´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±× ÀÚüÀÇ ´ñ°¡¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çü¹úµéÀº ±× ½Ã±â¿¡ À־ ¹Ù·Î ´Ù°¡¿À°Å³ª ´õµð°Ô ¿ÃÁöµµ ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª Á˾ÇÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÈÄȸ½º·± ¿­¸Å¸¦ ³º½À´Ï´Ù.

Can a State act to "prevent aggression?

±¹°¡°¡ ħ·«À» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇൿÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?

    Under the tenants of the Just War Theory, it is perfectly acceptable, and encouraged to declare war on your enemies to prevent aggression and as an example to other "evil" nations. There is no war that cannot be declared under this excuse. All military action can be classified under the category of "prevention." Think on this. Do police officers go out to arrest "potential criminals?" Do our courts convict individuals for crimes they might commit in the future? Why is it that we passively accept the argument that it is acceptable to wage war against those who "might" be able to affect us in the future? This as absurd. All acts of violence can be justified by saying "I was only removing a future threat," if this be the case. An enemy, in order to be real, must be present. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÀÇ °­·É¿¡ ¾Æ·¡¼­, ħ·«À» ¹æÁöÇÏ°í ±âŸ "»ç¾ÇÇÑ" ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æ°í·Î¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¿ø¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¼±Àü Æ÷°í¸¦ ÇÔÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¿ë³³µÇ¸ç Àå·ÁµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¸íºÐ ¾Æ·¡¼­´Â ¼±¾ðµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀüÀïÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ±º»çÀû ÇൿÀº "¿¹¹æ"À̶ó´Â ¹üÁ־Ʒ¡ ºÐ·ùµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. °æÂû°üµéÀÌ "ÀáÀçÀû ¹üÁËÀÚµé"À» üÆ÷ÇÏ·¯ ³ª°©´Ï±î? ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤µéÀÌ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ÀúÁö¸¦Áö µµ ¸ð¸£´Â ¹üÁ˵鿡 ´ëÇØ¼­ °³Àε鿡°Ô À¯ÁË ¼±°í¸¦ ³»¸³´Ï±î? ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¥Áöµµ ¸ð¸£´Â ´ë»óÀ» ÇâÇØ¼­ ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å´ÀÌ ¿ë³³µÈ´Ù´Â ³í¸®¸¦ ¼öµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ÖÀԴϱî? À̰ÍÀº ¾óÅä´çÅä ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀº, À̹ø °æ¿ì¶ó¸é,  "³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ À§ÇùÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù"¶ó°í ¸»ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ Á¤´çÈ­µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¿ø¼ö´Â, Çö½ÇÀÌ µÇ·Á¸é, ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇöÀçÀÇ »ç°ÇÀ̾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

      One may counter this argument by saying, "are you supposed to wait until your enemy is strong before he attacks you? Should not you attack your enemy while he is weak?" Using this reasoning, then we should wage war against all nations that are weaker than we are in order to preempt any possibility that they may be a future threat. Also, we must ask the question, "why is it acceptable for our nation to become strong, but we cannot allow this in other nations? Is this other nation clearly a threat to our existence, or just our desire to be the most powerful?" It is in the best interest of all nations that war be not a possibility, for any reason. In this day and age there is no reason to have an "enemy." A nation that has true power, is a nation that can sue for peace and be a model of peace for all others.. It is only the weak that has enemies of its own choosing and can only find war as its solution.

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¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ ³í¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¹Ý¹ÚÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: "´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ¿ø¼ö°¡ ´ç½ÅµéÀ» °ø°ÝÇÒ ¸¸Å­ °­¼ºÇØ Áú ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀԴϱî? ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿ø¼ö°¡ ¾àÇÒ ¶§´Â °ø°ÝÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â °ÍÀԴϱî?" ÀÌ·± Ã߷п¡ µû¸£¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ À§ÇùÀÌ µÉ ¸ðµç °¡´É¼ºÀ» ºÀ¼âÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®º¸´Ù ¾àÇÑ ¸ðµç ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸ÄѾ߸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·± Áú¹®µµ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù, "¿Ö ¿ì¸® ±¹°¡°¡ °­¼ºÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÔÀº ¿ë³³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï±î? À̰ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡°¡ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§ÇùÀ̰ųª, ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Àå °­·ÂÇØÁö°í ½ÍÀº ¿å¸ÁÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï±î?" ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­µçÁö ÀüÀïÀº °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °ü½É¿¡ ¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ "¿ø¼ö"¸¦ °¡Áú ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÈûÀ» °¡Áø ±¹°¡´Â ÆòÈ­¸¦ °¥±¸ÇÏ¸ç ¸ðµç ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÆòÈ­ÀÇ ¸ð¹üÀÌ µÇ´Â ±¹°¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾àÇÑ ±¹°¡¸¸ÀÌ ½º½º·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¿ø¼öµéÀ» °¡Áö¸ç ±×¿¡ ÇØ°áÃ¥À¸·Î¼­ ÀüÀïÀ» ã½À´Ï´Ù.

Can a State act to prevent hostilities upon an innocent neighbor?

±¹°¡´Â ¹«°íÇÑ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àû´ëÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¿¹¹æÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?

     Under the Just War Theory, yes. A righteous nation should defend its innocent neighbor. In theory, this sounds completely reasonable. But, the problem lies in the fact of who is in the position to determine the innocent party? The President? Pope? Pastor? Rabbi? Or, is it left up to individual conscience. Again, this is a way to make war palpable, to make it seem like we are fighting on the behalf of God and for the sake of rescuing the innocent! In reality, there are no innocent parties, and if there were there would be  no way of determining innocence. When one nation comes to the aid of another it is because of an alliance that will benefit the interfering nation. Immediately, the intervening nation becomes the enemy of of the opposing nation, and the war has not decreased, but increased. Other nations may , and will, consider one nation's coming to the defense of another as an aggressive action and thus  commit their military to join the battle for the defense of their allies. As this continues, destruction and death multiplies until the sheer horror of it all forces us to the bargaining table. [Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀï ÀÌ·Ð]ÇÏ¿¡¼­´Â, "¿¹"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤ÀÇ·Î¿î ±¹°¡´Â ±×ÀÇ ¹«°íÇÑ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹æ¾îÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î, À̰ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ´çÇÏ°Ô µé¸³´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹®Á¦´Â ´©°¡ ¹«°íÇÑ ÀϹæÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ Àִ°¡?ÇÏ´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëÅë·É? ±³È²? ¸ñ»ç? ¶øºñ? ¾Æ´Ï¸é, °³ÀÎÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ´Ù½Ã¸»Çϸé, À̰ÍÀº ÀüÀïÀ» °¡½ÃÈ­ÇÏ¿©, ¹«°íÇÑ ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸ÃâÇϸç Çϳª´ÔÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì´Â °Íó·³ ¸¸µå·Á´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦¿¡ À־ ¾î¶² ¹«°íÇÑ ´ç»çÀڵ鵵 ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¹«°íÇÔÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº °£¼·ÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡¿¡°Ô À¯ÀÍÇÑ µ¿¸Í°ü°è ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î Áï½Ã, °£¼·ÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡´Â ¹Ý´ë ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿ø¼ö°¡ µË´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀüÀïÀº ÁÙ¾îµå´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í Áõ°¡ÇØ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µéÀº, ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ »ó´ë±¹°¡¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇÏ·Á µå´Â °ÍÀ» ħ·«ÇàÀ§·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ·Á ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ ±º´ë¸¦ µ¿¸Í±¹µéÀÇ ¹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀüÅõ¿¡ Âü°¡Çϵµ·Ï ¸í·ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¸é¼­, ÆÄ±«¿Í Á×À½Àº Áõ°¡ÇÏ¸ç ±× ¸ðµç ÂüȤÇÑ °øÆ÷°¡ ¿ì¸®¸¦ »çÅÂÀÇ Å×À̺í·Î ³»¸ô °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.  
     It is important to note that the World War I, became a worldwide confluence because of alliances. Prior to the outbreak of war, many nations hammered out alliances with other nations with the purpose of preventing war. But the opposite occurred. When one nation came under attack other nations had to come to their aid because of their alliances. This, in turn brought in other countries to defend the nation that they were allied with. This continued until the whole world was involved in the bloodiest conflict in our recorded history (to date). All this done in the name of "coming to the aid of our neighbor." Á¦ 1 Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀüÀÌ µ¿¸Í±¹µé·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Àü¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ÀüÀïÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö¸° °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¸ñÇÔÀº Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ¹ß¹ßÇϱ⠾ռ­¼­, ¸¹Àº ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ÀüÀïÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µé°ú µ¿¸Í°ü°è¸¦ ¸Î¾î ³ª°¬½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¤¹Ý´ë°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ °ø°ÝÀ» ¹ÞÀÚ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ µ¿¸Í°ü°è·Î ÀÎÇÑ Áö¿øÀ» ÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº, ¶Ç´Ù½Ã ±×µéÀÌ µ¿¸ÍÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Á¦ »ï±¹µéÀ» ²ø¾îµé¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â·ÏµÈ ¿ª»çÀÌ·¡ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ÇǸ¦ È긮´Â °¥µî¿¡ Àü ¼¼°è°¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀϵéÀº "¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù"¸¥ ¸í¸ñÇÏ¿¡ ÇàÇØÁý´Ï´Ù
     It is a beautiful thing to be able to come to the aid of the innocent. Jesus said,  ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖÀ½Àº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¼ö°¡ ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù

"No greater love as man than this, that a man lay down his life for another" 
John 15:13.

"»ç¶÷ÀÌ Ä£±¸¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Àڱ⠸ñ¼ûÀ» ¹ö¸®¸é ÀÌ¿¡¼­ ´õ Å« »ç¶ûÀÌ ¾ø³ª´Ï" ¿äÇѺ¹À½ 15:13
      Jesus was speaking about the sacrifice He was about to make at the Cross, but the fact remains the same: There is no greater sacrifice we can make than to die for another. Does this mean we should participate in war? Should we be allowed to use this verse to go kill because someone declared a war to be just? Never. The innocent is worthy of our protection if we have the power to provide it. Often, those who are on the other side of the battle line are as innocent as you are. They also, are under orders to kill you. We can only defend innocence when there is no doubt as to who is innocent. To do otherwise is only to provide thin justification for your lust to join the battle. This passage is not a justification for any form of violence.  ¿¹¼ö´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡¼­ ÇàÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Èñ»ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÏ°í °è¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª »ç½ÇÀº ¿©ÀüÀÌ ¶È°°½À´Ï´Ù: ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» À§Çؼ­ Á×´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ Å« Èñ»ýÀº ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü¿©Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇմϴϱî? ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀ» ´©±º°¡°¡ ÀüÀïÀÌ Á¤ÀÇ·Ó´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á×ÀÌ·¯ °¡¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? °áÄÚ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸È£¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®ÀǺ¸È£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½ÀÌ ¸¶¶¥ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¾Á¾, Àü¼±ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ´ç½Åµé ó·³ ¹«°íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½ÅµéÀ» »ìÇØÇ϶ó´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´©°¡ ¹«°íÇѰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÇȤÀÌ ¾øÀ» ¶§¿¡ ºñ·Î¼Ò ¹«°íÇÔÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ·Á´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Å½¿å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºó¾àÇÑ Á¤´çÈ­¸¸ ³»¾î ³õÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀº ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤´çÈ­µµ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.

Can a State defend itself?

±¹°¡´Â ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?

     By definition, no war is defensive. When an individual is attacked, he/she defends himself/herself if it is within his/her power to do so and only if such defense is justifiable, controlled, and does not cause a "greater harm." If, our country were to be invaded by a hostile nation we would have the right to defend ourselves, our neighbor and our property if we so chose. Defending yourself and your property is different than declaring war on an "enemy". When war is declared it is no longer a matter of defense. Now, you must pursue the enemy to his stronghold and punish him as way of example to all other prospective enemies. In war you must use all means possible to defeat the enemy. In time of war we will break every known moral law for the purpose of overcoming the enemy. We employ terms such as "at what price freedom," to justify all the crimes we commit against God and man during time of war.

Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¾î¶² ÀüÀïµµ ¼öºñÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ °³ÀÎÀÌ °ø°Ý´çÇÒ ¶§, ±×/±×³à´Â ¹æ¾îÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´É·Â ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¾î°¡ Á¤´çÇϸç, ÀýÁ¦µÇ°í "´õ¿í Å«" ÇØ¾ÇÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ºñ·Î¼Ò, ¹æ¾î¸¦ ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸® ±¹°¡°¡ Àû´ë ±¹°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ħ·«´çÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÇ ¿ì¸® Àڽŵé, ÀÌ¿ô ±×¸®°í Àç»êÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® ÀڽŰú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº "¿ø¼ö"¿¡°Ô ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±Æ÷ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ´Ù¸§´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ¼±Æ÷µÈ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¹æ¾îÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿ø¼ö¸¦ ±×ÀÇ ÁøÁö±îÁö Ãß°ÝÇÏ¿©¼­ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ÀáÀçÀû ¿ø¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æ°í·Î¼­ ±×¸¦ ó¹úÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀï¿¡¼­´Â ¿ø¼ö¸¦ °ÝÆÄÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ¼ö´ÜÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àü½Ã¿¡ À־ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ø¼ö¸¦ Á¦¾ÐÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç µµ´ö·üÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â "¾î¶² Èñ»ýÀÌ ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦"°ú °°Àº ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸ鼭 ÀüÀﵿ¾È Çϳª´Ô°ú Àηù¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀúÁú·¯Áø ¸ðµç ¹üÁ˵éÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ·Á ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

     Follow this example: Someone breaks into your home an threatens your family. You have no choice but resist the invader and in your resistance the intruder is killed. This would be a terrible thing to happen. The intruder is now dead. Think what you may, but the intruder was also a child of God and his loss is a sad thing. Also, to be forced to take the life of another is a catastrophic event that will reshape your life irregardless of the fact that you had no other choice. But, you have successfully defended yourself and family and the battle is finished. Should you declare war on all other criminal elements in your community in order to prevent the possibility of another attack? Now your defense has become an offensive action. We cannot attack people because of their potential to attack us. 

ÀÌ·± ¿¹¸¦ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ´©±º°¡°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Áý¿¡ ħÀÔÇÏ¿© ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·À» À§ÇùÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ħ·«ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â À̿ܿ¡ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀúÇ× °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ħÀÓÀÚ°¡ »ìÇØµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¼­¿î ÀÏÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ħÀÔÀÚ´Â ÀÌÁ¦ Á×¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±× ħÀÔÀÚ ¶ÇÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÚ³àÀÔ´Ï´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×¸¦ ÀÒÀ½Àº  ½½Ç °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ð¾çÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¹ö¸®´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Àç¾ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ´ç½ÅÀº ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ÀڽŰú °¡Á·À» ¹æ¾îÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ½Î¿òÀº ³¡³µ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °ø°Ý °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´ç½Å ¸¶À»ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ¹üÁËÀû ¿ä¼Òµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±Æ÷ÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çմϱî? ÀÌÁ¦ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹æ¾î´Â °ø°ÝÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÒ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀ» °ø°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

Without a doubt, everyone of us knows when we are acting out of true defense and when we are acting offensively. We may think offensive action is prudent for future security but we only fool ourselves. The only reason our offensive actions are producing the results we desire, (and thus perpetuate the myth that offensive actions are are part of defensive action) is because we are stronger than our enemy. It is only when we are being overcome that we long for the days of the innocence of the defense alone.

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The Iranaeic Fellowship of God.
Copyright © 1999 [The Iranaeic Fellowship of God]. All rights reserved.
Revised: 11¿ù 18, 2001                  

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