¡¡

Jesusi.com Homepage

¡¡

¡¡

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

¡¡

[Home] [Up] [Contents] [Preface] [Bibliographical Note] [A Note on the Text] [WHAT IS ART?] I  II  III  IV  V  VI  VII  VIII  IX  X  XI  XII  XIII  XIV  XV  XVI  XVII  XVIII  XIX  XX [CONCLUSION] [Appendix I] [Appendix II] [Notes]


WHAT IS ART?

¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?


by Leo Tolstoy

TRANSLATED BY RICHARD PEVEAR
AND LARISSA VOLOKHONSKY

¡¡

TRANSLATED BY MIZIAN FROM RICHARD PEVEAR'S ENGLISH TRANSLATION

¡¡

INTRODUCTION


BY [PENGUIN CLASSICS]

Æë±Ï °íÀü¹®ÇÐ ¼­¹®

¡¡

¡¡

WHAT IS ART?

¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?

count leo tolstoy was born in 1828 on the family estate of Yasnaya Polyana, in the Tula province, where he spent most of his early years, together with his several brothers. In 1844 he entered the University of Kazan to read Oriental languages and later law, but left before completing a degree. He spent the following years in a round of drinking, gambling and womanizing until, weary of his idle existence, he joined an artillery regiment in the Caucasus in 1851. He took part in the Crimean war and after the defence of Sevastopol wrote The Sevastopol Sketches (1855-6), which established his literary reputation. After leaving the army in 1856 Tolstoy spent some time mixing with the literati in St Petersburg before travelling abroad and then settling at Yasnaya Polyana, where he involved himself in the running of peasant schools and the emancipation of the serfs. His marriage to Sofya Andreyevna Behrs in 1862 marked the beginning of a period of contentment centred on family life; they had thirteen children. Tolstoy managed his vast estates, continued his educational projects, cared for his peasants and wrote both his great novels, War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenin (1877). During the 1870s he underwent a spiritual crisis, the moral and religious ideas that had always dogged him coming to the fore. A Confession (1879—82) marked an outward change in his life and works; he became an extreme rationalist and moralist, and in a series of pamphlets written after 1880 he rejected church and state, indicted the demands of flesh and denounced private property. His teachings earned him numerous followers in Russia and abroad, and also led finally to his excommunication by the Russian Holy Synod in 1901. In 1910, at the age of eighty-two, he fled from home ¡®leaving this worldly life in order to live out my last days in peace and solitude¡¯; he died some days later at the station master¡¯s house at Astapovo.

¡¡

·¹¿À Å罺ÅäÀÌ ¹éÀÛÀº 1828³â Åø¶ó Áö¹æÀÇ ÀÖ´Â ¾ß½º³ª¾ß Æú¸®¾ß³ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¡¹®ÀÇ »çÀ¯Áö¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ýÇÏ¿´°í ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ÇüÁ¦µé°ú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» º¸³»¾ú´Ù. 1844³â µ¿¾ç ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÀаíÀÚ Ä«ÀÜ ´ëÇп¡ ÀÔÇÐÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÈÄÀÏ ¹ý·üÀ» ÅÃÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ÇÐÀ§¸¦ µû±â Àü¿¡ ±×¸¸ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ±×´Â À½ÁÖ, µµ¹Ú ¹× ¿©¼ºÆí·ÂÀ» ÀÏ»ó »ýȰ·Î ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ªÅÂÇÑ »î¿¡ ½ÈÁõÀ» ´À³¤ ³ª¸ÓÁö, 1851³â ÄÚÄ«¼­½ºÀÇ Æ÷º´´ë¿¡ ÀÔ´ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â Å©¸®¹Ì¾Æ ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¼¼¹Ù½ºÅäÆúÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÑ µÚ¿¡ ¼¼¹Ù½ºÅäÆú ½ºÄÉÄ¡(1855-6)¸¦ ½èÀ¸¸ç, À̷μ­ ¹®ÇÐÀûÀÎ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1856³â¿¡ ±º´ë¸¦ ¶°³µÀ¸¸ç ÇØ¿Ü ¿©ÇàÀ» ¶°³ª±âÀü Àá½Ã ¼º ÆäÅ×½ººÎ¸£Å©ÀÇ ¹®ÇÐÀεé°ú ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£À» º¸³ÂÀ¸¸ç ±× ÈÄ ¾ß½º³ª¾ß Æú¸®¾ß³ª¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿©¼­ ³ó¹ÎÇб³ ¿î¿µ ¹× ³ó³ë ÇØ¹æ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1862³â ¼ÒÇÇ¾Æ ¾Èµå·¹¿¹ºê³ª º£¸£½º¿ÍÀÇ °áÈ¥À¸·Î ±×´Â °¡Á· »ýȰÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸¸Á·½º·± ½Ã±âÀÇ Ãâ¹ß¿¡ µé¾î¼¹´Ù; ±×µéÀº ¿­¼¼ ¸íÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ³º¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌ´Â ±×ÀÇ ¹æ´ëÇÑ »çÀ¯ÁöµéÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±³À°ÀûÀÎ ±¸»óµéÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ¿´°í, ±×ÀÇ ³óºÎµéÀ» µ¹º¸¾Æ ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, À§´ëÇÑ ¼Ò¼³µéÀÎ ÀüÀï°ú ÆòÈ­(1869) ¹× ¾È³ª Ä«·¹´Ï³ª(1877)À» ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1870´ë¿¡ ±×´Â Á¤½ÅÀû À§±â¸¦ °Þ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×¸¦ µû¶ó ´Ù´Ï´Â µµ´öÀû ¹× Á¾±³Àû »ç»óµéÀÌ Àü¸é¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. °í¹é (1879-82)Àº ±×ÀÇ »î°ú ÀÛǰµé¿¡ À־ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ º¯È­¸¦ µå·¯³»¾ú´Ù; ±×´Â ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ ÇÕ¸®ÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÌÀÚ µµ´öÁÖÀÇÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 1880³â ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¾²¿©Áø  ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¼Ò ³í¹®µé¿¡¼­ ±³È¸¿Í ±¹°¡¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ¼¼¼ÓÀÇ ¿å¸ÁµéÀ» ºñ³­ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç »çÀ¯ Àç»ê Á¦µµ¸¦ ºñ³­ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§µéÀº ·¯½Ã¾Æ ±¹³»¿¡¼­´Â ¹°·Ð ÇØ¿Ü¿¡¼­µµ ¼ö¸¹Àº ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀ» ºÒ·¯ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¶Ä§³» 1901³â¿¡´Â ·¯½Ã¾Æ Á¤±³ ÃÖ°íȸÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÆÄ¹®¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. 1910³â, 82¼¼ÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ '³ªÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ³¯µéÀ» ÆòÈ­¿Í °íµ¶ ¾È¿¡ »ì±â À§ÇØ ÀÌó·³ ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ¶°³­´Ù"¸é¼­ ÁýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èǽ ¶°³µ´Ù; ±×´Â ¾Æ½ºÅ¸Æ÷º¸¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±âÂ÷ ¿ªÀåÀÇ Áý¿¡¼­ ¼öÀÏ ÈÄ¿¡ ¼ûÀ» °ÅµÎ¾ú´Ù. 

Richard Pevear was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1943. He has published translations of Alain, Yves Bonnefoy and Alberto Savinio, as well as two books of poetry. He and his wife, Larissa Volokhonsky, who was born in Leningrad, have translated works by Pavel Florensky, Samuel Marshak, Daniil Kharms, Henri Volohonsky, Alexei Khvostenko, Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Nikolai Gogol. Their translation of The Brothtrs Karamazov received the PEN translation award in 1991, and they translated Bulgakov¡¯s The Master and Margarita for Penguin Classics. They live in France.

¡¡

Richard Pevear´Â 1943³â ¸Þ»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ÀÇ ¿ù´ã¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â Alain, Yves Bonnefoy ¹× Alberto SavinioÀÇ ¹ø¿ªº»µé ¹× µÎ ±ÇÀÇ ½ÃÁýµéÀ» ÃâÆÇÇÏ¿´´Ù.  ±×¿Í ·¹´Ñ±×¶óµå¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ýÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³» Larissa Volokhonsky´Â Pavel Florensky, Samuel Marshak, Daniil Kharms, Henri Volohonsky, Alexei Khvostenko, Fyodor Dostoyevsky ¹× Nikolai GogolÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀ» ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÛ Ä«¸£¸¶Á¶ÇÁÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µéÀº 1991³â PEN ¹ø¿ª»óÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº Æë±Ï Ŭ¶ó½ÄÀ» À§ÇØ ÁÖ´Ô°ú ¸¶¸£°¡¸®Å¸(The Master and Margarita)¸¦ ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. 
¡¡

[Home] [Up] [Contents] [Preface] [Bibliographical Note] [A Note on the Text] [WHAT IS ART?] I  II  III  IV  V  VI  VII  VIII  IX  X  XI  XII  XIII  XIV  XV  XVI  XVII  XVIII  XIX  XX [CONCLUSION] [Appendix I] [Appendix II] [Notes]


¡¡ ¡¡
¡¡

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

¡¡
¡¡

Jesusi.com Homepage



This page was last modified 2004/05/31

¡¡