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[Home]
[Up]
[Contents]
[Preface]
[Bibliographical Note]
[A Note on the Text]
[WHAT IS ART?]
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XVII
XVIII
XIX
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[CONCLUSION]
[Appendix I]
[Appendix II]
[Notes]
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WHAT IS ART?
¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
TRANSLATED BY RICHARD PEVEAR AND LARISSA VOLOKHONSKY
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¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
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Art is one of two organs of mankind¡¯s progress. Through the word, man communicates in thought, through the images of art he communicates in feeling with all people, not only of the present, but of the past and the future. It is proper for mankind to employ both of these organs of communication, and therefore the perversion of either one of them cannot fail to have harmful consequences for the society in which the perversion occurs. And these consequences are necessarily twofold: first, the absence in that society of the activity which should be accomplished by the organ, and, secondly, the harmful activity of the corrupted organ. These very consequences are found in our society. The organ of art has been perverted, and as a result the society of the upper classes has in considerable measure been deprived of the activity which this organ should have accomplished. On the one hand, artistic counterfeits, serving only for people¡¯s amusement and corruption, have spread in our society on an enormous scale, and, on the other hand, works of worthless, exclusive art, valued as the highest art, have perverted the capacity of the majority of people in our society for being infected by true works of art, and have therefore deprived them of the possibility of knowing the highest feelings to which mankind has attained and which can be conveyed to people only by art.¡¡ |
¿¹¼úÀº Àηù Áøº¸ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö ±â°üµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Ù. ¾ð¾î¸¦
ÅëÇØ¼ »ç¶÷Àº »ç»ó ¾È¿¡¼ Åë½ÅÇϰí, ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¿µ»óµéÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú ´À³¦ ¾È¿¡¼ Åë½ÅÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀº ÇöÀç¿¡ °üÇØ¼ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °ú°Å
¹× ¹Ì·¡¿¡µµ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù. Àηù°¡ À̵é Åë½Å ±â°üµéÀ» °øÈ÷ äÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇϸç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°Íµé Áß ÇϳªÀÇ ¿Ö°îÀº Ʋ¸² ¾øÀÌ ±×·±
¿Ö°îÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â »çȸ¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î °á°úµéÀ» °¡Á® ¿Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌµé °á°úµéÀº ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î µÎ °¡Áö Ãø¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: ù°·Î, ±× ±â°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
¼ºÃëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§°¡ ±× »çȸ¿¡ °á¿©µÇ´Â °Í°ú µÑ°·Î, ºÎÆÐÇÑ ±â°üÀÇ ÇØ·Î¿î ÇàÀ§ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± °á°úµéÀº ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù.
¿¹¼úÀÇ ±â°üÀº ¿Ö°îµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× °á°ú »ó·ù °è±ÞµéÀÇ »çȸ´Â ÀÌ ±â°üÀÌ ¼ºÃëÇß¾î¾ß ÇÒ ÇàÀ§¸¦ »ó´ç·® ¹ÚÅ»´çÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, ¿¹¼úÀû
¸ðÁ¶Ç°µéÀº, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Äè¶ô ¹× Ÿ¶ôÀ» À§ÇØ ºÀ»çÇϸé¼, ¿ì¸® »çȸ ¾È¿¡ ¾öû³ ±Ô¸ð·Î ÆÛÁ³À¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, ¹«°¡Ä¡ÇÏ°í ¹èŸÀûÀÎ ¿¹¼ú
ÀÛǰµéÀº, ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¿¹¼ú·Î ¼ÒÁßÇÏ°Ô ¿©°ÜÁö°í, ¿ì¸® »çȸ ¾ÈÀÇ ´ë´Ù¼ö »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÂüµÈ ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰµé¿¡ Àü¿°µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÏ¿´°í, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
±×µé¿¡°Ô¼ Àηù°¡ ¼ºÃëÇÑ ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Àü´ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ´À³¦µéÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
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All the best that mankind has produced in art remains foreign to people deprived of the capacity for being infected by art, and is replaced by false counterfeits of art or by worthless art which they mistake for genuine. People of our time and society admire the Baudelaires, Verlaines, Moréases, Ibsens, Maeterlincks in poetry; the Monets, Manets, Puvis de Chavannes, Burne-Joneses, Stucks and Bocklins in painting; the Wagners, Liszts, Richard Strausses in music, etc., and are no longer capable of understanding either the highest or the simplest art. |
¿¹¼ú¿¡¼ Àηù°¡ »ý»êÇØ ³õÀº ¸ðµç ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àü¿°µÉ
´É·ÂÀ» »©¾Ñ±ä »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ°í, ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§¼±Àû ¸ðÁ¶Ç°µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ȤÀº ÁøÇ°À¸·Î ¿ÀÀÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
´ëüµÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë ¹× »çȸÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ½Ã¹®Çп¡¼± º¸µé·¹¸£, º£¸£·¹´À, ¸ð·¹¾Æ½º, ÀÔ¼¾, ¸¶Å͸µÅ© ÆÄ¸¦; ¹Ì¼ú¿¡¼± ¸ð³×, ¸¶³×, »ßºñ µå
»þ¹Ý´À, ¹ø Á¸½º, ½ºÆ£½º ¹× º¸Å©¸°½º ÆÄ¸¦; À½¾Ç¿¡¼± ¹Ù±×³Ê, ¸®½ºÆ®, ¸®Â÷µå ½ºÆ®¶ó¿ì½º ÆÄ µîÀ» Âù¹ÌÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í, ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÃÖ°íÀÇ È¤Àº °¡Àå
´Ü¼øÇÑ ¿¹¼úÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. |
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Owing to the loss of the capacity for being infected by works of art, people of the upper-class milieu grow up, are educated, and live without the softening, fertilizing effect of art, and therefore they not only do not move towards perfection, do not become better, but on the contrary they become ever more savage, coarse and cruel. |
¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àü¿°µÉ ´É·ÂÀÇ »ó½Ç·Î ÀÎÇØ, »ó·ù °è±Þ ȯ°æÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¿ÏȽÃÅ´ ¹× dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ °á¿©µÈ ä ¼ºÀåÇÏ°í ±³À°¹Þ°í, »ì¾Æ°£´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº ¿Ï¼ºÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡Áöµµ ¾Ê°í,
°³¼±µÇÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹Ý´ë·Î ±×µéÀº ´õ¿í ´õ ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀ̸ç, °ÅÄ¥°í ÀÜÀÎÇØÁ® °£´Ù. |
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Such is the consequence of the absence of the activity of the necessary organ of art in our society. Yet the consequences of the perverted activity of that organ are still more harmful, and they are many. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ±â°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ È°µ¿ÀÇ
°á¿©ÀÇ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·± ±â°üÀÇ ¿Ö°îµÈ Ȱµ¿ÀÇ °á°úµéÀº ÈξÀ ´õ ÇØ·Î¿ì¸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¸¹ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. |
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The first consequence that strikes the eye is the enormous waste of working people¡¯s labour on something not only useless, but for the most part harmful, and, furthermore, the irredeemable waste of human lives on this needless and bad thing. It is terrible to think with what effort, with what privations, millions of people work, having no time or possibility to do necessary things for themselves and their families, spending ten, twelve or fourteen hours a night typesetting pseudo-artistic books that spread depravity among people, or working for theatres, concerts, exhibitions, galleries, which mostly serve the same depravity; but most terrible is to think that lively, nice children, capable of all good, devote themselves from an early age to spending six, eight or ten hours a day for ten or fifteen years playing scales, or twisting their limbs, walking on their toes and raising their legs above their heads, or singing solfeggios, or declaiming verses with various affectations, or drawing busts, naked models, painting sketches, or writing compositions by the rules of certain periods; and that in these occupations, unworthy of human dignity, continuing often long after full maturity, they lose all physical and intellectual power and all understanding of life. People say it is terrible and pitiful to look at little acrobats putting their legs behind their necks, but it is no less pitiful to look at ten-year-old children giving concerts, and still more so to see ten-year-old children who know by heart the exceptions of Latin grammar . . . But it is not only that these people are crippled physically and mentally — they are also crippled morally, becoming incapable of anything that is really necessary for people. Occupying in society the role of entertainers of the wealthy, they lose their sense of human dignity, they develop in themselves such a passion for public praise that they suffer permanently from unsatisfied vanity, inflated to a morbid degree in them, and they use all the powers of their soul to satisfy just this passion. And most tragic of all is that these people, destroyed in order to live for art, not only are in no way useful to this art, but cause it the greatest harm. In the academies, schools, conservatories, they are taught how to counterfeit art, and, while being taught this, they become so perverted that they lose all ability to produce genuine art and become purveyors of that counterfeit or worthless or depraved art that fills our world. This is the first consequence of the perversion of the organ of art to strike the eye. |
´«¿¡ È® µé¾î¿À´Â ù ¹øÂ° °á°ú´Â ¾µ¸ð ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î
ÇØ·Î¿î °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ¾öû³ ¼Ò¸ðÀ̸ç, ³ª¾Æ°¡¼, ÀÌ °°ÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø°í ¾ÇÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûµéÀÇ ±¸Á¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â
¼Ò¸ðÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶°ÇÑ ³ë·Â, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±ÃÇ̵é·Î, ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÏÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º»´Ù¸é ¹«¼¿î ÀϷμ, ±×µéÀº ÀÚ½Åµé ¹× ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀ» À§ÇØ
ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¾Æ¹«·± ½Ã°£ ȤÀº °¡´É¼ºµµ °®Áö ¸øÇϸç, »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ Ÿ¶ôÀ» ÆÛÆ®¸®´Â À¯»ç ¿¹¼ú ¼ÀûµéÀ» Á¶ÆÇÇÏ´À¶ó ÇÏ·í¹ã¿¡
¿, ¿µÎ ȤÀº ¿³× ½Ã°£À» ¼Ò¸ðÇϰųª, ȤÀº ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Å¸¶ôÀ» Á¶ÀåÇÏ´Â ±ØÀåµé, ¿¬ÁÖȸµé, Àü½Ãȸµé, ȶûµéÀ» À§ÇØ ³ëµ¿ÇÑ´Ù;
ÇÏÁö¸¸ °¡Àå ¹«¼¿î °ÍÀº ¸í¶ûÇϰí, ±Í¿©¿î ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ, ¸ðµç ¼±ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ, ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ½Ê ³â ȤÀº ½Ê¿À ³â, µ¿¾È ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ¿©¼¸, ¿©´ü
ȤÀº ¿ ½Ã°£À̳ª ¾Çº¸¸¦ ¿¬ÁÖÇϰųª, ȤÀº ÆÈ´Ù¸®¸¦ ºñƲ¸é¼, ¹ß³¡À¸·Î °È°í ´Ù¸®¸¦ ¸Ó¸® À§·Î ¿Ã¸®°Å³ª, ȤÀº ¼ÖÆäÁö¿À¸¦ ºÎ¸£°Å³ª, ȤÀº
´Ù¾çÇÑ ²Ù¹ÒÀ¸·Î ½Ã±¸µéÀ» À¼¾î ´ë°Å³ª, ȤÀº ¹Ý½Å»óµé, ¹ú°Å¹þÀº ¸ðµ¨µéÀ» ±×¸®°í, ½ºÄÉÄ¡µéÀ» ±×¸®°Å³ª, ȤÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¾ÇÀýÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ
ÀÛ°îÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í; ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± Á÷¾÷µé¿¡¼, Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸¾öÀ̶ó°ï ¾øÀÌ, Á¾Á¾ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼º¼÷µÇ°í ³ª¼µµ ¿À·§µ¿¾È, ±×µéÀº ¸ðµç ½ÅüÀû ÁöÀû ´É·Â
¹× »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀÌÇØ¸¦ »ó½ÇÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸»Çϱ⸦, ²¿¸¶ °î¿¹»çµéÀÌ ´Ù¸®¸¦ ¸ñ µÚ·Î ¿Ã¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¼¿ì¸ç
°¡·ÃÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿ »ìÂ¥¸® ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¿¬ÁÖȸ¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀº ´ú °¡·ÃÇÏ°í ¿ »ìÂ¥¸® ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¶óƾ¾î ¹®¹ýÀÇ ¿¹¿ÜµéÀ» ¾Ï±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸´Â °ÍÀº ÈξÀ ´ú
°¡·ÃÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù... ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À°Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ ºÒ±¸°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áø½Ç·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô
µÊÀ¸·Î½á, ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ µµ´öÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ºÒ±¸ÀÌ´Ù. »çȸ ¾È¿¡¼ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¢´ëÀÚÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±×µéÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸¾ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´À³¦À»
»ó½ÇÇϰí, ±×µéÀº ÀÚ½Åµé ¾È¿¡ ´ëÁßÀÇ Âù»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±× °°Àº Á¤¿À» ¹ßÀü½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ¸¸Á·½Ãų ¼ö ¾ø´Â Ç㿵À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿µ±¸È÷ °íÅë ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, º´ÀûÀÎ
»óÅ·ΠºÎÇ®·ÁÁ®¼, ±×µéÀº ´ÜÁö ÀÌ·± Á¤¿À» ¸¸Á·½Ã۱â À§ÇØ ±×µé ¸ðµç Á¤½Å·ÂÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× Áß¿¡¼µµ °¡Àå ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ÀÌ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ¿¹¼úÀ» À§ÇØ »ì°íÀÚ ÆÄ±«µÇ¾úÀ¸¸é¼µµ, ÀÌ·± ¿¹¼ú¿¡ °áÄÚ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿¹¼ú¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ÇØ¾ÇÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Çпøµé, Çб³µé, ¿¹¼úÇб³µé¿¡¼, ±×µéÀº ¿¹¼úÀ» ¸ðÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ì°í, À̰ÍÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â ÇÑÆí, ±×µéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ¿Ö°îµÇ¾î¼ ÂüµÈ ¿¹¼úÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³¾
¸ðµç ´É·ÂÀ» »ó½ÇÇÏ¸ç ¿ì¸® ¼¼»óÀ» ä¿ì´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ðÁ¶ÀÇ È¤Àº °¡Ä¡ ¾ø´Â ȤÀº Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ¿¹¼úÀÇ Á¶´ÞÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ´«¿¡ µÎµå·¯Áö´Â, ¿¹¼úÀÇ
±â°ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ö°îÀÇ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° °á°úÀÌ´Ù. |
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The second consequence is that the works of art-amusement, produced in such frightful quantities by the army of professional artists, enable the wealthy people of our time to live a life that is not only unnatural but contrary to the principle of humaneness professed by these same people. To live as wealthy, idle people live, the women especially, away from nature and from animals, in artificial conditions, with muscles atrophied or abnormally developed by gymnastics, and with a weakened vital energy, would be impossible were it not for what is called art, were it not for the diversion, the amusement which turns these people¡¯s eyes from the meaninglessness of their lives and saves them from the boredom that oppresses them. Take from all these people the theatres, concerts, exhibitions, piano playing, ballads, novels with which they occupy themselves in the conviction that this is a very refined, aesthetic and therefore good occupation, take from the Maecenases of art, who buy paintings, patronize musicians, keep company with writers, their role as patrons of the important matter of art, and they will be unable to go on with life, they will all die of boredom, tedium, the awareness of the meaninglessness and lawlessness of their life. Only the occupa¡©tion with what is considered art among them enables them, in violation of all natural conditions of life, to go on living without noticing the meaninglessness and cruelty of their life. And this supporting of the false life of the wealthy is the second and not insignificant consequence of the perversion of art. |
µÎ ¹øÂ° °á°ú´Â ¿À¶ô ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰµéÀÌ, ¼ö¸¹Àº Á÷¾÷ ¿¹¼ú°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
±×Åä·Ï ³î¶ó¿î ¾çÀ¸·Î Á¦À۵Ǿî¼, ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´Áö ¸øÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÌµé µ¿ÀÏÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ø¾ðÇÏ´Â Àΰ£¹ÌÀÇ ¿ø¸®¿¡
¹ÝÇÏ´Â »îÀ» »ì¾Æ °¡µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÎÀ¯Çϰí, ³ªÅÂÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ƯÈ÷ ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ, ÀÚ¿¬°ú µ¿¹°µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶³¾îÁ®¼, ÀΰøÀûÀÎ Á¶°Çµé¿¡¼,
Åðȵǰųª üÁ¶¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß´ÞµÈ ±ÙÀ°, ±×¸®°í ¾àÈµÈ »ý¸í ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í »ì µíÀÌ »ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¼ÒÀ§ ¿¹¼úÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
½Ã¼±µéÀ» ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¹¸®°í ±×µéÀ» ¾Ð¹ÚÇÏ´Â ±ÇÅ·κÎÅÍ ±¸¿øÇØ ÁÖ´Â À¯Èñ, ¿À¶ôÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¼¼·ÃµÇ°í ¹ÌÇÐÀûÀÌ¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Á÷¾÷À̶ó´Â È®½Å¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÌ ¸ôµÎÇϰí ÀÖ´Â, ±ØÀåµé, ¿¬ÁÖȸµé, Àü½Ãȸµé, ÇÇ¾Æ³ë ¿¬ÁÖµé,
½Ãµé, ¼Ò¼³µéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×¸²µéÀ» »çÁÖ°í, À½¾Ç°¡µéÀ» ÈÄ¿øÇϸç, ÀÛ°¡µé°ú Ä£±¸¸¦ ÇØÁÖ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÄɳª½ºµé¿¡°Ô¼, ±×µéÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ °üÇÑ
Áß¿äÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀÚµé ¿ªÇÒÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ ¹ö¸°´Ù¸é, ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±×µéÀº »îÀ» °è¼ÓÇØ ³ª°¥ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ Áö·çÇÔ°ú ´ÜÁ¶·Î¿ò,
¹«ÀǹÌÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ú´ÞÀ½ ¹× ¹«Áú¼ÇÔÀ¸·Î ±×µé ¸ðµÎ°¡ Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼ú·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â °Í¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÔ ¸¸ÀÌ, ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿¬Àû
»óŵéÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ°í¼¶óµµ, ±×µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »îÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔ ¹× ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸² ¾øÀÌ »ì¾Æ ³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌó·³ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÌ·±
À§¼±Àû »îÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¿Ö°îÀÇ µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÌÀÚ »ç¼ÒÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °á°úÀÌ´Ù. |
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The third consequence of the perversion of art is the confusion it produces in the notions of children and the people. Those who are not perverted by the false theories of our society — working people, children — have a very definite idea of what one can be honoured and praised for. According to the understanding of simple people and children, the grounds for praising and glorifying people can only be either physical strength (Hercules, mighty men, conquerors) or moral, spiritual strength (Shakyamuni abandoning his beautiful wife and his kingdom in order to save men, or Christ going to the cross for the truth he professed, and all martyrs and saints). Both are comprehensible to simple people and children. They understand that one cannot but respect physical strength, because it makes itself respected; as for the moral strength of the good, an unspoiled man cannot but respect it, because he is drawn to it by his entire spiritual being. And then these children and simple people suddenly see that besides those who are praised, honoured and rewarded for their physical or moral strength, there are also some who are praised, glorified, rewarded on an even greater scale than the heroes of strength and goodness merely because they sing well, write poetry, are good dancers. They see that singers, writers, painters, dancers make millions, that they are given greater honours than saints, and these simple people and children become perplexed. |
¿¹¼ú ¿Ö°îÀÇ ¼¼ ¹øÂ° °á°ú´Â ¾ÆÀÌµé ¹× ¹ÎÁßµéÀÇ Àνĵ鿡 ±×°ÍÀÌ
¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â È¥¶õÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸® »çȸÀÇ À§¼±Àû À̷е鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¿Ö°îµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µé — ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé, ¾î¸°ÀÌµé — Àº ¹«¾ù¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸í¿¹¸¦ ¾ò°í Âù»ç¸¦
¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Å¿ì È®°íÇÑ °³³äÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé ¹× ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿¡ µû¸£¸é, »ç¶÷µéÀ» ĪÂùÇÏ°í ¸í¿¹·Ó°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯µéÀº
¿ÀÁ÷ À°Ã¼Àû Èû (Çì¶óŬ·¹½º, ±Ç·ÂÀÚµé, Á¤º¹ÀÚµé) ȤÀº µµ´öÀû, ¿µÀûÀÎ Èû (»ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¾Æ³»¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À»
Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â ¼®°¡¸ð´Ï, ȤÀº ±×°¡ °í¹éÇÑ Áø¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸Å´Þ¸° ±×¸®½ºµµ, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ¼ø±³ÀÚµé ¹× ¼ºÀÚµé)ÀÌ´Ù. µÑÀº ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé ¹×
¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½ÅüÀû ÈûÀ» Á¸°æÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°Í ÀÚü´Â Á¸°æ ¹Þ°Ô ¸¸µé±â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; µµ´öÀû Èû¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼±, Ÿ¶ôÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷À̶ó¸é ±×°ÍÀ» Á¸°æÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ÀüÀûÀÎ ¿µÀûÀÎ Á¸Àç·Î¼ ±×°Í¿¡
²ø¸®±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥, ÀÌµé ¾ÆÀÌµé ¹× ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº °©Àڱ⠽ÅüÀÇ È¤Àº µµ´öÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ¸·Î ĪÂù¹Þ°í, ¸í¿¹¸¦ ¾ò°í º¸»óÀ» ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷µé
¿Ü¿¡ ¶ÇÇÑ, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ³ë·¡¸¦ Àß ºÎ¸£°í, ½Ã¸¦ Àß ¾²¸ç, ¶Ù¾î³ ¹«¿ë¼ö¶ó¼, Èû ¹× ¼±ÇàÀÇ ÁÖÀΰøµé º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ Å« ±Ô¸ð·Î Âù»ç¸¦ ¹Þ°í,
¸í¿¹¸¦ ¾òÀ¸¸ç, º¸»óÀ» ¹Þ´Â ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̵éÀº °¡¼öµé, ÀÛ°¡µé, Ȱ¡µé, ¹«¿ë¼öµéÀÌ ¼ö¹é¸¸À» ¹ø´Ù´Â °Í, ±×µéÀÌ
¼ºÀڵ麸´Ù ´õ¿í Å« ¸í¿¹¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌµé ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé ¹× ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁø´Ù. |
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When, fifty years after Pushkin¡¯s death, cheap editions of his works were published and spread among the people, and a monument was erected to him at the same time in Moscow, I received more than ten letters from different peasants asking why Pushkin was so glorified. Just the other day I was visited by a literate tradesman from Saratov who had apparently lost his mind over this question and was going to Moscow to expose the clergy for having contributed to the erecting of the ¡®monamint¡¯ to Mr Pushkin. |
Ǫ½¬Å²ÀÇ »çÈÄ ¿À½Ê ³â µÚ¿¡, ±×ÀÇ °ª½Ñ ÀÛǰÁýµéÀÌ ¹ÎÁßµé »çÀÌ¿¡
ÃâÆÇµÇ¾î ÆÛÁö°í, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×¸¦ ±â¸®´Â ±â³äºñ°¡ ¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁ³À» ¶§, ³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³óºÎµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ Åë ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ¿Ö Ǫ½¬Å²ÀÌ
±×Åä·Ï ¸í¿¹¸¦ ¹Þ´Â°¡ ¹¯´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ±× ´ÙÀ½³¯ »ç¶óÅäÇÁ·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¸í¹éÈ÷ ÀÌ Àǹ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢À» »©¾Ñ±â°í Ǫ½¬Å² ¾¾¸¦ À§ÇÑ '±â³äºñ'
°Ç¸³¿¡ ±âÁõÇÏ¿´À½À» ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù·Î °¡°í ÀÖ´Â, ÇÑ »óÀÎÀÇ ¹æ¹®À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
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In fact, one need only imagine the situation of such a man of the people when he learns, from the newspapers and rumours that reach him, that the clergy, the authorities, all the best people of Russia have triumphantly unveiled a memorial to the great man, the benefactor, the glory of Russia — Pushkin, of whom he has hitherto heard nothing. He reads or hears about it from all sides and thinks that if such honours are rendered a man, the man probably did something extraordinary, either of strength or of goodness. He tries to find out who Pushkin was, and, having found out that Pushkin was not a mighty man or a military leader, but was a private person and a writer, he concludes that Pushkin must have been a holy man and teacher of the good, and he hastens to read or hear about his life and writings. But how great must be his perplexity when he learns that Pushkin was a man of worse than light morals, that he died in a duel — that is, while attempting to murder another man — and that his entire merit consists merely in having written poems about love, often quite indecent ones. |
»ç½Ç, ¿À·ÎÁö ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »óȲÀ» »ó»óÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù,
±×¿¡°Ô µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ½Å¹®µé ¹× ¼Ò¹®µé·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ, ´ç±¹µé, ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À§´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷, ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÀºÀÎ, ¿µ±¤ — Ǫ½¬Å² —
À» À§ÇÑ ±â³äºñ¸¦ ÀDZâ¾ç¾çÇÏ°Ô °ø°³Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ±×´Â Ǫ½¬Å²¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿©Å±îÁö ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ µéÀº ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ
µµÃ³·ÎºÎÅÍ Àаųª µé¾îº¸¸ç »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿µ¿¹°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù¸é, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¸¶µµ, ÈûÀ̶ö±î ¼±ÇàÀ̶ö±î,¹ü»óÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀ»
ÀÌ·ç¾úÀ¸¸®¶ó »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â Ǫ½¬Å²ÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ »ç¶÷À̾ú´ÂÁö ¾Ö½á¼ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù, ±×¸®°í Ǫ½¬Å²ÀÌ ±Ç·ÂÀÚµµ ±º´ëÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµµ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÇÑ °³ÀÎÀ̸ç
ÀÛ°¡ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ ³»°í¼, Ǫ½¬Å²ÀÌ ¼ºÀÚÀÌ¸ç ¼±À» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ±³»çÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Ù°í °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸°´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿Í ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼µÑ·¯
ÀÐ¾î º¸°Å³ª µé¾îº»´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ ´çȤ°¨Àº ¾ó¸¶³ª Å©°Ú´Â°¡ Ǫ½¬Å²ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì °æ¹ÚÇÑ Ç°ÇàÀÇ »ç¶÷À̾ú°í, °áÅõ Áß — ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é,
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» »ìÇØÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇÏ´ø Áß — ¿¡ Á×¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ Àüü °ø·Î´Â ´ÜÁö »ç¶û¿¡ °üÇÑ ½ÃµéÀ», Á¾Á¾ ¸Å¿ì Àú¼ÓÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ½èÀ½¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¾È´Ù¸é. |
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That some mighty man, as Alexander of Macedon, Genghis Khan or Napoleon, were great he can understand, because any one of them could crush him and thousands like him; he also can understand that Buddha, Socrates and Christ are great, because he knows and feels that he and all people ought to be like them; but why a person should be great because he wrote poems about the love of women — that he cannot understand. |
ÀϺΠ±Ç·ÂÀÚµé, ¸¶Äɵµ´Ï¾ÆÀÇ ¾Ë·º»ê´õ, ¡±â½ºÄ ȤÀº ³ªÆú·¹¿ËÀº
À§´ëÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±×´Â ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µé Áß ¾î¶² ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ¶óµµ ±× ¹× ±×¿Í °°Àº ¼öõ ¸íÀ» ºÐ¼âÇØ ¹ö¸± ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù;
±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎó, ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º ¹× ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ À§´ëÇÏ´Ù´Â °Íµµ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ±×¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ¼ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéó·³ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸ç ´À³¢±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿Ö ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿©¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀÇ ½ÃµéÀ» ½è´Ù°í ÇØ¼ À§´ëÇÏ´Ù´ÂÁö — ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
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The same must go on in the head of a Brecon or Norman peasant who learns of the setting up of a memorial, une statue, as if to the Mother of God, to Baudelaire, when he reads or is told of the contents of
Les Fleurs du Mal, or — still more amazing — to Verlaine, when he learns of the pathetic, depraved life the man led, and reads his poetry. And what confusion must occur in the heads of simple people when they learn that some Patti or Taglioni [110] is paid 100,000 per season, that a painter gets as much for a picture, and that the authors of novels describing love scenes get even more. |
¶È°°Àº »ý°¢ÀÌ ºê·¹¼Û ȤÀº ³ë¸¸ ³óºÎÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿¡¼µµ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ÀϾî
³´Ù. ±×´Â, ¸¶Ä¡ ¼º¸ð¸¦ ÇâÇÑ °Íó·³, º¸µé·¹¸£¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±â³äºñ °Ç¸³À» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ°í¼,
Les Fleurs du MalÀ» Àаųª µé¾îº¸°Ô µÉ ¶§, ȤÀº
— ´õ¿í ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀº — º£¸£·»´À¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÏ ¶§, ±×´Â ±×°¡ »ì¾Æ¿Â º´ÀûÀ̸ç, Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ÀλýÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ Àоî
º»´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀϺΠºüƼ¿Í °°Àº ¿ÀÆä¶ó °¡¼ö ȤÀº µû±Û¸®¿À´Ï °°Àº ¹«¿ë¼ö°¡ °èÀý¸¶´Ù ½Ê¾ï¾¿ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¾î¶² Ȱ¡µµ ÇÑ ±×¸²¿¡
´ëÇØ ±×·¸°Ô ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í »ç¶ûÀÇ Àå¸éµéÀ» ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¼³µéÀÇ ÀÛ°¡µéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸é ±×µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿¡´Â ¾î¶²
È¥¶õÀÌ ÀϾ°Ú´Â°¡. |
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The same also happens with children. I remember experiencing this astonishment and perplexity myself, and becoming reconciled with this extolling of artists on a par with mighty men and moral heroes only by lowering in my consciousness the significance of moral worth and accepting the false, unnatural significance of works of art. The same thing happens in the soul of every child or simple person when he learns of the strange honours and rewards rendered to artists. This is the third consequence of our society¡¯s false attitude towards art. |
¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ÀϾÙ. ³ª´Â ³ª Àڽŵµ ÀÌ °°Àº
³î¶ó¿ò°ú ´çȤ°¨À» °æÇèÇÑ °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇϸç, ÀÌó·³ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀ» ±Ç·ÂÀÚ ¹× µµ´öÀû ¿µ¿õµé°ú µ¿±ÞÀ¸·Î Âù¾çÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ³ªÀÇ ÀǽĿ¡¼ µµ´öÀû °¡Ä¡ÀÇ
Àǹ̸¦ ³·ÃãÀ¸·Î½á ±×¸®°í ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰµéÀÇ À§¼±ÀûÀ̸ç, °¡´çÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº Àǹ̸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, °¨³»ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç ¾î¸°ÀÌ È¤Àº ´Ü¼øÇÑ
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡¼µµ, ¿¹¼ú°¡µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¸í¿¹ ¹× º¸»óÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ ¶§, ÀϾÙ. À̰ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸® »çȸÀÇ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§¼±Àû
°æÇâÀÇ ¼¼ ¹øÂ° °á°úÀÌ´Ù. |
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The fourth consequence of such an attitude is that people of the upper classes, as they encounter more and more frequently the contradiction between beauty and the good, place the ideal of beauty higher, thereby freeing themselves from the demands of morality. These people, instead of recognizing the art they serve for what it is — that is, as a backward thing — pervert the roles and recognize morality as a backward thing which can have no importance for people of a high degree of development, such as they fancy themselves to be. |
±×·¯ÇÑ °æÇâÀÇ ³× ¹øÂ° °á°ú´Â »ó·ù °è±ÞµéÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ¹Ì¿Í ¼±
»çÀÌÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀ» Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀÚÁÖ ¸¶ÁÖħ¿¡ µû¶ó, ¹ÌÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ´õ ³ôÀÌ µÎ°í, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© µµ´ö¼ºÀÇ ¿ä±¸µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ
»ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÌ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼úÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ÀνÄÇÔ ´ë½Å¿¡
— Áï, ÈÄÁøÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ — ¿ªÇÒµéÀ» ¿Ö°îÇϸç, ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×·¸´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °Íó·³, µµ´ö¼ºÀ» ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ»
ÀÌ·é »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«·± Á߿伺À» °®Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÈÄÁøÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÑ´Ù. |
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This consequence of the wrong attitude towards art has long been manifest in our society, but lately, with its prophet Nietzsche and his followers, as well as the decadents and English aesthetes identical with them, it has been expressing itself with particular insolence. Decadents and aesthetes like Oscar Wilde choose as the theme of their works the denial of morality and the praise of depravity. |
¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À߸øµÈ °æÇâÀÇ ÀÌ °°Àº °á°ú´Â ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È
µå·¯³ª ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, ÃÖ±Ù, ±× ¼±ÁöÀÚÀÎ ´Ïü¿Í ±×ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµé, »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µ¥Ä«´çÆÄµé ¹× ±×µé°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿µ±¹ ¹ÌÇÐÀÚµé°ú ´õºÒ¾î, Ưº°ÇÑ
¿À¸¸ÇÔÀ¸·Î ½º½º·Î¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µ¥Ä«´çÆÄµé ¹× ¿À½ºÄ« ¿ÍÀϵå¿Í °°Àº ¹ÌÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×µé ÀÛǰµéÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦·Î¼ µµ´ö¼ºÀÇ °ÅºÎ ¹× Ÿ¶ôÀÇ Âù¹Ì·Î
»ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
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This art has partly produced and partly coincided with a similar philosophical teaching. I recently received from America a book entitled The Survival of the Fittest: Philosophy of Power, by Ragnar Redbeard (Chicago, 1896). The essence of this book, as expressed in the publisher¡¯s preface, is that to evaluate the good by the false philosophy of Hebrew prophets and weeping messiahs is madness. Right results not from any teaching, but from power. All laws, commandments and teachings about not doing to others what you do not want done to yourself inherently mean nothing, and acquire meaning only from cudgel, prison and sword. A truly free person is not obliged to obey any injunctions, human or divine. Obedience is the sign of degeneracy; disobedience is the sign of the hero. People should not be bound by traditions invented by their enemies. The whole world is a slippery battlefield. Ideal justice consists in the vanquished being exploited, tormented, despised. The free and brave can conquer the whole world. And therefore there should be eternal war for life, for land, for love, for women, for power, for gold. (Something similar was voiced several years ago by the famous and refined academician Vogüé. [111]) The earth with its treasures is the ¡®booty of the bold¡¯.. |
ÀÌ·± ¿¹¼úÀº ÇÑ °¡Áö À¯»çÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀû °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀϺΠ¸¸µé¾î ³»¾ú°Å³ª
ÀϺΠ±×¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ª´Â ¹Ì±¹À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ±ÇÀÇ Ã¥À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, Á¦¸ñÀº
The Survival of the Fittest: Philosophy of Power, by Ragnar Redbeard
(Chicago, 1896)ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº, ¹ßÇàÀÚ ¼¹®¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿´µíÀÌ, È÷ºê¸® ¼±ÁöÀÚµé ¹× Èå´À³¢´Â ¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ À§¼±Àû öÇÐÀ¸·Î ¼±À»
Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹ÌÄ£ ÁþÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀǷοòÀº ¾î¶² °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅͰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±Ç·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇàÇØÁö±â¸¦ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ»
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ôµµ ÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, ¸ðµç À²¹ýµé, °è¸íµé ¹× °¡¸£Ä§µéÀº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ °ïºÀ, °¨¿Á ¹× Ä® ¸¸ÀÌ
Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. Áø½Ç·Î ÀÚÀ¯ÀÎ »ç¶÷Àº Àΰ£ÀÇ °ÍÀÌµç ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀÌµç ¾î¶² ¸í·Éµé¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ¾ø´Ù. º¹Á¾Àº Ÿ¶ôÀÇ ÁõÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù; ºÒº¹Á¾Àº ¿µ¿õÀÇ
ÁõÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¿ø¼öµéÀÌ Ã¢¾ÈÇØ ³õÀº ÀüÅëµé¿¡ ±¸¼ÓµÇ¾î¼± ¾È µÈ´Ù. Àüü ¼¼»óÀº ¹Ì²ô·¯¿î ÀüÀïÅÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ»óÀû Á¤ÀÇ´Â Á¤º¹µÈ ÀÚ°¡
ÂøÃëµÇ°í, °íÅë ¹Þ°í, °æ¸êµÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ÀÚ ¹× ¿ë°¨ÇÔ ÀÚµéÀÌ Àüü ¼¼»óÀ» Á¤º¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ý¸íÀ» À§ÇØ, ¶¥À» À§ÇØ,
»ç¶ûÀ» À§ÇØ, ¿©ÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇØ, ±Ç·ÂÀ» À§ÇØ, Ȳ±ÝÀ» À§ÇØ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ÀüÀïÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (¸î ³â Àü, À¯¸íÇÏ°í ¼¼·ÃµÈ Çмú¿ø ȸ¿øÀÎ º¸±×¿¡
ÀÇÇØ, À¯»çÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾ú´Ù). Áö»óÀÇ Àç¹°µéÀº '¿ë±â ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀÇ ÀÚÀÇ Àü¸®Ç°'ÀÌ´Ù. |
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The author, obviously on his own, independently of Nietzsche, has come to the same conclusions as are professed by modern artists. |
±× ÀÛ°¡´Â, ¸í¹éÈ÷ Àڱ⠽º½º·Î, ´Ïü¿Í´Â º°µµ·Î, Çö´ë ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀÌ
°ø¾ðÇÑ °Í°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °á·Ðµé¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. |
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Expounded in the form of a teaching, these principles strike us. In fact, these principles are contained in the ideal of art that serves beauty. The art of our upper classes has cultivated in people this ideal of the superman — which in fact is the old ideal of Nero, Stenka Razin, Genghis Khan, Robert Macaire, Napoleon, [112] and all their accomplices, satellites and flatterers — and maintains it in them with all its might. |
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íµÊÀ¸·Î½á, ÀÌµé ¿ø¸®µéÀº ¿ì¸®¸¦ ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
½Ç»ó, ÀÌµé ¿ø¸®µéÀº ¹Ì¸¦ ¶° ¹Þµå´Â ¿¹¼úÀÇ ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ´ã°ÜÁø´Ù. ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ó·ù °è±ÞµéÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀº »ç¶÷µé ¾È¿¡ ÀÌ °°Àº ÃÊÀÎ — ½Ç»ó ³×·Î,
½ºÅÞÄ« ¶óÁø, ¡±â½ºÄ, ·Î¹öÆ® ¸¶Äɸ£, ³ªÆú·¹¿ÂÀÇ ÄùÄù¹Àº ÀÌ»ó, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇÑÅë¼Ó, ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµé ¹× ¾ÆÃ·²Ûµé —ÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ»
¹è¾çÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¸ðµç ÈûÀ» ´ÙÇØ ±×µé ¾È¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» À¯ÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
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This supplanting of the ideal of morality by the ideal of the beautiful — that is, of pleasure — is the fourth consequence, and a terrible one, of the perversion of art in our society. It is frightening to think of what would happen to mankind if such art were to spread among the popular masses. And it is already beginning to do so. |
ÀÌ °°ÀÌ ¹ÌÀÇ — Áï, Äè¶ôÀÇ — ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î µµ´ö¼ºÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ´ëüÇÔÀº
¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¿Ö°îÀÇ, ³× ¹øÂ°ÀÇ °á°úÀ̸ç, ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·± ¿¹¼úÀÌ ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁßµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÆÛÁö±â¶óµµ ÇÑ´Ù¸é Àηù¿¡°Ô ¾î¶²
ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ±î »ý°¢Çغ¸´Ï µÎ·Á¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ¹Ì ±×·¸°Ô µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
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The fifth thing, finally, and the chiefest, is that the art which flourishes in the milieu of the upper classes of European society directly corrupts people by infecting them with the worst and humanly most harmful feelings of the superstition of patriotism and, chiefly, of sensuality. |
´Ù¼¸ ¹øÂ° °ÍÀÌÀÚ, ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº À¯·´ »ó·ù »çȸÀÇ
ȯ°æ¿¡¼ ¹øÃ¢ÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼úÀº, °¡Àå ¾ÇÇϸç Àΰ£ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÇØ·Î¿î, ¾Ö±¹½ÉÀÇ ±×¸®°í ÁÖ·Î À½¶õ¼ºÀÇ ¹Ì½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´À³¦µéÀ», ±×µé¿¡°Ô °¨¿°½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á
»ç¶÷µéÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ¶ô½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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Look attentively at the causes of ignorance in the popular masses and you will see that its chief cause is by no means the lack of schools and libraries, as we are accustomed to think, but the superstitions, churchly as well as patriotic, with which they are imbued and which are constantly being generated by all the re¡©sources of art. For church superstitions — by the poetry of prayers, hymns, the painting of icons, the sculpting of statues, by singing, organs, music, and architecture, and even by dramatic art in church services. For patriotic superstitions — by verses, by stories told even in schools; by music, singing, solemn processions, royal entrances, military paintings, and memorials. |
ÀÏ¹Ý ¹ÎÁßµé ¾È¿¡¼ ¹«ÁöÀÇ ¿øÀεéÀ» ÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô ¹Ù¶óº¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±× ÁÖµÈ ¿øÀÎÀÌ, ¿ì¸®°¡ Áñ°Ü »ý°¢Çϵí, °áÄÚ Çб³µé ¹× µµ¼°üµéÀÇ ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±³È¸ÀûÀÎ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾Ö±¹ÀûÀÎ ¹Ì½ÅµéÀ̸ç,
±×µéÀº ±×°Íµé¿¡ Èì»¶ Á¥¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×°ÍµéÀº ¸ðµç ¿¹¼ú ÀÚ¿øµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ »ý»êµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±³È¸ ¹Ì½ÅµéÀº — ±âµµÀÇ
½Ãµé, Âù¾çµé, ¼º»ó ¹Ì¼ú, Á¶»óÀÇ Á¶°¢¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Í, °¡Ã¢, ¿À¸£°£, À½¾Ç, ±×¸®°í °ÇÃà¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Í, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ±³È¸ ¿¹¹èµé¿¡¼ ±Ø
¿¹¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Í. ¾Ö±¹ÀûÀÎ ¹Ì½ÅµéÀº — ¿î¹®µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Í, ½ÉÁö¾î Çб³µé¿¡¼ ¹è¿ì´Â À̾߱âµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Í; À½¾Ç, °¡Ã¢, ¾ö¼÷ÇÑ ÇàÁøµé,
¿ÕÁ·ÀÇ ÀÔÀåµé, ±º´ë ¹Ì¼úµé, ¹× ±â³äºñµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. |
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If it were not for the constant activity of all branches of art in maintaining churchly and patriotic stupefaction and embitterment among the people, the popular masses would long ago have attained to true enlightenment. But it is not only churchly and patriotic corruption that art accomplishes. |
¹ÎÁßµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ±³È¸ÀûÀÎ ¹× ¾Ö±¹ÀûÀÎ ¸¶ºñ »óÅ ¹× ¾ÇÇÑ ¸¶À½À»
À¯ÁöÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ßµéÀÇ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â Ȱµ¿ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´õ¶ó¸é, ÀÏ¹Ý ¹ÎÁßµéÀº ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °è¸ùÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹¼úÀÌ
¼ºÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±³È¸ÀûÀÎ ¹× ¾Ö±¹ÀûÀΠŸ¶ô¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. |
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In our time art also serves as the main cause of people¡¯s corruption in the most important question of social life — Sexual relations. We all know from our own selves, and fathers and mothers also know from their children, what terrible spiritual and bodily sufferings, what a useless waste of energy people experience only because of the licentiousness of sexual lust. |
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¿¹¼úÀº ¶ÇÇÑ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ »çȸÀû »î — ¼º °ü°èµé —
ÀÇ ¹®Á¦ ¾È¿¡¼ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Å¸¶ôÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµÎ ¿ì¸® Àڽŵé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ°í, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹öÁöµé ¹× ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ
Àڽĵé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Ë°í ÀÖµíÀÌ, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼ºÀû Ž¿å°ú °°Àº ¹æÅÁÇÔ ¶§¹®¿¡, ¾ó¸¶³ª ¹«¼¿î ¿µÀû ¹× À°Ã¼Àû °íÅëµéÀ», ¾ó¸¶³ª ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â ÈûÀÇ ³¶ºñ¸¦
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ °Þ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾È´Ù. |
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Since the world began, since the time of the Trojan War, which was started because of sexual licentiousness, and down to the suicides and murders on account of love reported in almost every day¡¯s newspaper, a great share of mankind¡¯s suffering has been caused by this licentiousness. |
¼¼»óÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÀÌÈÄ, ¼ºÀûÀÎ ¹æÅÁÇÔ ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ, Æ®·ÎÀÎ ÀüÀï
ÀÌ·¡·Î, ±×¸®°í °ÅÀÇ ³ª³¯ÀÇ ½Å¹®¿¡ º¸µµµÇ´Â »ç¶ûÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÛ±ÝÀÇ ÀÚ»ìµé ¹× »ìÀε鿡 À̸£±â±îÁö, ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ÀηùÀÇ °íÅëµéÀº ÀÌ¿Í
°°Àº ¹æÅÁÇÔÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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And what then? All art, both genuine and counterfeit, with the rarest exceptions, is devoted solely to describing, portraying, arousing all sorts of sexual love, in all its forms. One has only to recall all the novels with lust-inciting descriptions of love, most refined ones and most crude ones, with which the literature of our society is filled; all those paintings and statues portraying the naked female body and all sorts of nastiness that passes into illustrations and advertisements; only to recall all the vile operas, operettas, songs, ballads with which our world teems — and one involuntarily thinks that existing art has only one definite aim: the widest possible spreading of depravity. |
±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½Àº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ¸ðµç ¿¹¼ú, ÂüÀÌµç ¸ðÁ¶À̵ç, °ÅÀÇ ¿¹¿Ü
¾øÀÌ, ¸ðµç Çü½Ä¿¡¼, ¿À·ÎÁö ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼ºÀûÀÎ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹¦»çÇϰí, ±×¸®°í, ¾ß±âÇÔ¿¡ ¹ÙÃÄÁø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðµç ¼Ò¼³µéÀÌ, °¡Àå ¼¼·ÃµÈ
°Íµé°ú °¡Àå Åõ¹ÚÇÑ °Íµé·Î, ¼º¿åÀ» µ¸±¸´Â »ç·®ÀÇ ¹¦»ç¶ó°í, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® »çȸÀÇ ¹®ÇÐÀº ±×·± ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ä¿öÁø´Ù°í; ¸ðµç ±× °°Àº ¹Ì¼úǰµé ¹×
Çü»óµéÀº ¹ú°Å¹þÀº ¿©Ã¼ ¹× »ðÈµé ¹× ±¤°íµé·Î º¯ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ÃßÀâÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¹¦»çÇÑ´Ù°í »ó±âÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù; ¸ðµç Çø¿À½º·±
¿ÀÆä¶óµé, ¿ÀÆä·¹Å¸µé, °¡°îµé, °¡¿äµé·Î ¿ì¸® ¼¼»óÀÌ ¹÷Àû°Å¸°´Ù°í »ó±âÇϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù — ±×¸®°í ¹«ÀÇ½Ä Áß¿¡ »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ ¿¹¼úÀº ¿ÀÁ÷
ÇÑ °¡Áö È®½ÇÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áø´Ù: °¡´ÉÇÑ ³Î¸® Ÿ¶ôÀ» ÆÛÆ®¸®´Â °Í. |
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Such are, if not all, at least the most certain consequences of the perversion of art that has taken place in our society. And thus what is called art in our society not only does not contribute to mankind¡¯s movement forward, but perhaps more than anything else it hinders the realization of the good in our life. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ, ÀüºÎ´Â ¾Æ´Ï¶óµµ, ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ÀÏ¾î³ ¿¹¼úÀÇ
¿Ö°îÀÇ, Àû¾îµµ °¡Àå È®½ÇÇÑ °á°úµéÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀº ÀηùÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ±â¿© ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¾Æ¸¶ ±×
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¿ì¸® »î¿¡¼ ¼±ÀÇ ½ÇÇöÀ» ÀúÇØÇÑ´Ù. |
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And therefore the question involuntarily asked by any man who is free from artistic activity and therefore not bound to existing art by any self-interest — the question I put at the beginning of this writing — whether it is just that such sacrifices be offered to what we call art, which belongs to only a small part of society, sacrifices in human labour and in human lives — receives its natural answer: no, it is not just and it should not be so. This is the answer of common sense and of unperverted moral instinct. Not only should it not be so, not only should no sacrifices be offered to that which is recognized as art among us, but, on the contrary, all the efforts of people who wish to live a good life should be directed towards destroying this art, because it is one of the cruellest evils oppressing our mankind. So that if the question were put as to which would be better for our Christian world, to lose all that is now regarded as art, including all that is good in it, together with false art, or to continue to encourage or allow the art that exists now, I think that any reasonable and moral person would again decide the question the way it was decided by Plato for his republic and by all Church Christian and Muhammadan teachers of mankind — that is, he would say: ¡®Better that there be no art than that the depraved art, or simulacrum of it, which exists now should continue.¡¯ Fortunately, no one is faced with this question, and no one has to decide it one way or the other. All that man can do, all that we so-called educated people, who are in a position to be able to understand the meaning of the phenomena of our life, can and must do is understand the delusion we are in, and not persist in it, but seek to get out of it. ¡¡ |
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿¹¼úÀû Ȱµ¿¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¾î¶²
À̱âÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±âÁ¸ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ¸Å¿© ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àúµµ ¸ð¸£°Ô Á¦±âµÇ´Â Áú¹® — ³»°¡ ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÇ ¼µÎ¿¡¼ Á¦±âÇÑ Áú¹® — ¿ì¸®°¡
¿¹¼úÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °Í, ¿À·ÎÁö »çȸÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÀϺο¡°Ô ¼ÓÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ Èñ»ýµéÀÌ, Àΰ£ÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿¡¼ ±×¸®°í Àΰ£ÀÇ »îµé¿¡¼ Èñ»ýµéÀÌ ¹ÙÃÄÁ®¾ß
Çϴ°¡ — ÀÌ ±× ´ç¿¬ÇÑ ´äÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÈ´Ù: ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÇÁö ¾Ê´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×·¡¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº »ó½ÄÀÇ ±×¸®°í ¿Ö°îµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µµ´öÀû
º»´ÉÀÇ ´ë´äÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ì¸® »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿¹¼ú·Î ÀνĵǴ °Íµé¿¡ ¾î¶² Èñ»ýµéµµ ¹ÙÃÄÁ®¼´Â ¾ÈµÉ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹Ý´ë·Î,
¼±ÇÑ »îÀ» »ì°íÀÚ Èñ¸ÁÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂµéÀÌ ÀÌ·± ¿¹¼úÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÇâÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸® Àηù¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ÀÜÀÎÇÑ
¾Çµé Áß ÇϳªÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³Àû ¼¼»óÀ» À§ÇØ ¾î´À °ÍÀÌ ³ªÀº°¡, Áï, À§¼±ÀûÀÎ ¿¹¼ú°ú ÇÔ²², ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼±ÇÑ
¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, Áö±Ý ¿¹¼ú·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÒÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡, ¾Æ´Ï¸é Áö±Ý Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼úÀ» °è¼ÓÇØ¼ Àå·ÁÇϰųª Çã¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡
Á¦±âµÈ´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ¾î¶² À̼ºÀûÀÌ¸ç µµ´öÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ¶óµµ °øÈ±¹ÀÇ ÇöóÅæ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ±³È¸ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¹× ¸ðÇϸ޵屳ÀÇ ÀηùÀÇ ±³»çµé¿¡
ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÈ ¹æ½Ä´ë·Î ´Ù½Ã±Ý ¹®Á¦¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù — Áï, ±×´Â ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: 'Áö±Ý Á¸ÀçÇϴ Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ¿¹¼ú, ȤÀº ±×¿Í À¯»çÇÑ °ÍÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¿¹¼úÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÆíÀÌ ³´´Ù.' ´ÙÇེ·´°Ô, ¾Æ¹«µµ ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«µµ ÀÌÂÊ È¤Àº ÀúÂÊÀ¸·Î °áÁ¤Çؾß
ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °Í, ¼ÒÀ§ ¿ì¸® ±³À°¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé, ¿ì¸® »îÀÇ Çö»óµéÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â ¸Á»óÀ» ±ú´Ý°í, ±×°ÍÀ» °íÁýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇìÃÄ ³ª¿À±â¸¦
Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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[Home]
[Up]
[Contents]
[Preface]
[Bibliographical Note]
[A Note on the Text]
[WHAT IS ART?]
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
[CONCLUSION]
[Appendix I]
[Appendix II]
[Notes]
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