|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Home]
[Up]
[Contents]
[Preface]
[Bibliographical Note]
[A Note on the Text]
[WHAT IS ART?]
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
[CONCLUSION]
[Appendix I]
[Appendix II]
[Notes]
|
WHAT IS ART?
¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
TRANSLATED BY RICHARD PEVEAR AND LARISSA VOLOKHONSKY
|
|
|
|
¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
|
| ¡¡ |
|
|
|
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
Art in our society has become perverted to such a degree that not only has bad art come to be considered good, but even the very notion of what art is has been lost, so that, in order to speak of art in our society, one must first of all distinguish true art from counterfeit. |
¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀº ¾ÇÇÑ ¿¹¼úÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ÀÇ °³³ä ÀÚüµµ »ó½ÇµÇ¾úÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¿Ö°îµÇ¾î ¹ö·Á¼, ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀ» ÀÏİíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ÂüµÈ ¿¹¼ú°ú
¸ðÁ¶Ç°À» ±¸º°Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
One indisputable sign that distinguishes true art from counterfeit is the infectiousness of art. If a man, without any effort on his own part and without any change in his situation, having read, heard or seen a work by another man, experiences a state of mind which unites him with this man and with others who perceive the object of art in the same way as he does, then the object which calls up such a state is an object of art. However poetic, realistic, effectful or diverting an object is, it is not an object of art unless it calls up in a man that feeling, utterly distinct from all other feelings, of joy, of spiritual union with another (the author) and with others (listeners or spectators) who perceive the same artistic work. |
ÂüµÈ ¿¹¼úÀ» ¸ðÁ¶Ç°°ú ±¸º°ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ³í¶õÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â Ç¥½Ã´Â
¿¹¼úÀÇ Àü¿°¼ºÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹«·± ³ë·Â ¾øÀÌ ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »óȲ¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± º¯°æ ¾øÀÌ, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇÑ ÀÛǰÀ»
Àаųª, µè°Å³ª ȤÀº º¸°í¼, ±×¸¦ ÀÌ »ç¶÷°ú ¿¹¼úÀÇ ´ë»óÀ» ±×°¡ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¶È°°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½ÀÇ
»óŸ¦ °æÇèÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±×·¯ÇÑ »óŸ¦ ºÒ·¯¿À´Â ´ë»óÀº ¿¹¼úÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾î¶² ´ë»óÀÌ ½ÃÀûÀ̸ç, Çö½ÇÀûÀ̸ç, È¿°úÀûÀ̰ųª ȤÀº
ÀüȯÀûÀ̶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ¸¸ÀÏ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ ¾È¿¡ ±× °°Àº ´À³¦À», ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ´À³¦µé°ú´Â ¿Ï¿¬È÷ ´Ù¸¥, ±× »ç¶÷(ÀÛ°¡)°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿¹¼úÀû ÀÛǰÀ»
ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé (ûÃëÀÚ È¤Àº °üÁßµé)°úÀÇ ¿µÀûÀÎ ¿¬ÇÕÀÇ ´À³¦À» ºÒ·¯³»Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿¹¼úÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, |
|
It is true that this is an inner sign and that people who have forgotten the effect produced by genuine art and who expect from art something quite different — and such people make up the vast majority in our society — may think that the feeling of amusement and a certain excitement which they experience with regard to artistic counterfeits is the aesthetic feeling, and though these people cannot be unpersuaded, just as it is impossible to persuade a Daltonian that green is not red, this sign nevertheless remains quite definite for people with an unperverted and unatrophied feeling for art, and clearly distinguishes the feeling produced by art from all other feelings. |
»ç½Ç À̰ÍÀº ³»ÀûÀΠǥ½ÃÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
»ý°Ü³ È¿°ú¸¦ ÀØ¾î ¹ö·È°í ¿¹¼ú·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ±â´ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé — ±×¸®°í
ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼ ¾öû³ ´Ù¼ö¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù —
Àº ¿¹¼úÀû ¸ðÁ¶Ç°µé°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© °æÇèÇÏ´Â Áñ°Å¿òÀÇ ´À³¦ ¹× ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÈïºÐÀÌ ¹ÌÀûÀÎ ´À³¦À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í ºñ·Ï ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼³µæ
´çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ÃÊ·ÏÀÌ »¡°ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ´ÞÅä´Ï¾ðÀ» ¼³µæÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³, ÀÌ Ç¥½Ã´Â ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿Ö°îµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç
¹«°¨°¢ÇØÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´À³¦À» Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Õ °áÄÚ È®Á¤ÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý°Ü³ ´À³¦À» ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ´À³¦µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸º°
Áþ´Â´Ù. |
|
The chief peculiarity of this feeling is that the perceiver merges with the artist to such a degree that it seems to him that the perceived object has been made, not by someone else, but by himself, and that everything expressed by the object is exactly what he has long been wanting to express. The effect of the true work of art is to abolish in the consciousness of the perceiver the distinction between himself and the artist, and not only between himself and the artist, but also between himself and all who perceive the same work of art. It is this liberation of the person from his isolation from others, from his loneliness, this merging of the person with others, that constitutes the chief attractive force and property of art. |
ÀÌ·± ´À³¦ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ Æ¯»öÀº , ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÎ½ÄµÈ ´ë»óÀÌ,
´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °Íó·³, ±×¸®°í ´ë»ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ç¥ÇöµÈ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº Á¤È®È÷ ±×°¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È
Ç¥ÇöÇϰíÀÚ ¿øÇÏ´ø °Íó·³ º¸ÀÏ Á¤µµ·Î, ±×°¡ ¿¹¼ú°¡¿Í ÇÕÃÄÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÂüµÈ ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰÀÇ È¿°ú´Â ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä ¾È¿¡¼ ÀÚ±â
ÀڽŰú ¿¹¼ú°úÀÇ, ÀڽŰú ¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀڽŰú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ ±¸º°À» Ç㹫´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À̰°ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼ÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °í¸³À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿Ü·Î¿òÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °³ÀÎÀÇ ÇØ¹æ, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú °³ÀÎÀÇ °áÇÕÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿¹¼úÀÇ
ÁÖµÈ ¸Å·ÂÀû Èû ¹× Ư¼ºÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù. |
|
If a man experiences this feeling, if he becomes infected with the author¡¯s state of mind, if he feels his merging with others, then the object that calls up this state is art; if there is no such infection, no merging with the author and with those perceiving the work — there is no art. But infectiousness is not merely an indisputable sign of art; the degree of infectiousness is also the only measure of artistic worth. |
¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ ´À³¦À» °æÇèÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ Á¤½Å
»óÅ·ΠÀü¿°µÈ´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ °áÇÕÀ» ´À³¤´Ù¸é, ±×·¸´Ù¸é ÀÌ·± »óŸ¦ ºÒ·¯¿À´Â ´ë»óÀº ¿¹¼úÀÌ´Ù; ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¯ÇÑ Àü¿°ÀÌ
¾ø°í, ÀÛ°¡¿ÍÀÇ ±×¸®°í ÀÛǰÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ °áÇÕÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é
— ¿¹¼úÀº ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àü¿°¼ºÀº ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³í¶õÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â Ç¥½Ã´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; Àü¿°¼ºÀÇ Á¤µµ ¿ª½Ã ¿¹¼úÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Ã´µµÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The stronger the infection, the better the art is as art, regardless of its content — that is, independently of the worth of the feelings it conveys. |
Àü¿°ÀÌ °ÇÏ¸é °ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï, ¿¹¼ú·Î¼ÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀº ´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÏ´Ù,
ÀÌ´Â ³»¿ë°ú »ó°ü¾ø´Ù
— Áï, ¿¹¼úÀÌ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ´À³¦µéÀÇ °¡Ä¡¿Í °ü°è¾ø´Ù. |
|
Art becomes more or less infectious owing to three conditions: (1) the greater or lesser particularity of the feeling conveyed; (2) the greater or lesser clarity with which the feeling is conveyed; and (3) the artist¡¯s sincerity, that is, the greater or lesser force with which the artist himself experiences the feelings he conveys. |
¿¹¼úÀº ¼¼°¡Áö »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ´Ù¼Ò°£ Àü¿°¼ºÀ» ¶í´Ù: (1) Àü´ÞµÇ´Â
´À³¦ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÔÀÇ ´ë¼Ò; (2) ´À³¦ÀÌ Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ¸í·áÇÔÀÇ ´ë¼Ò; ±×¸®°í (3)¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÇ Áø½Ç¼º, Áï, ±×°¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ´À³¦µéÀ» ¿¹¼ú°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
´À³¢´Â ÈûÀÇ ´ë¼Ò. |
|
The more particular the feeling conveyed, the more strongly does it affect the perceiver. The perceiver experiences the greater pleasure the more particular the state of mind into which he is transferred, and therefore the more willingly and strongly does he merge with it. |
Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ´À³¦ÀÌ µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ¸é µ¶Æ¯ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ±×°ÍÀº ´õ °ÇÏ°Ô ÀνÄÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±×°¡ Àü´Þ¹Þ´Â ¸¶À½ÀÇ »óŰ¡ µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ¸é µ¶Æ¯ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ Å« Áñ°Å¿òÀ» °æÇèÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´õ¿í
±â²¨ÀÌ ±×¸®°í °·ÂÇÏ°Ô °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù. |
|
The clarity of the expression of the feeling contributes to the infectiousness, because, in merging with the author in his conscious¡©ness, the perceiver is the more satisfied the more clearly the feeling is expressed, which, as it seems
to him, he has long known and experienced, and for which he has only now found the expression. |
´À³¦À» Ç¥ÇöÇÔÀÇ ¸í·áÇÔÀº Àü¿°¼º¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ
Àǽİú °áÇÕÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼, ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´À³¦ÀÌ ´õ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÇ¸é µÉ¼ö·Ï ´õ ¸¸Á·Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ±×¿¡°Ô º¸À̵í, ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¾Ë¾Æ
¿ÔÀ¸¸ç °æÇèÇÏ¿´°í, ±× Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÀÌÁ¦ ¸· ¹ß°ßÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But most of all the degree of infectiousness of art is increased by the degree of the artist¡¯s sincerity. As soon as the spectator, listener or reader feels that the artist is himself infected by his work and is writing, singing or acting for himself and not just in order to affect others, this state of mind of the artist infects the perceiver; and contrariwise, as soon as the spectator, reader or listener feels that the author is writing, singing or acting not for his own satisfaction but for him, the perceiver, and that he does not himself feel what he wants to express, there is immediately a resistance, and then the most particular new feeling, the most artful technique, not only do not produce any impression, but become repellent. |
±×·¯³ª ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¹¼úÀÇ Àü¿°¼ºÀÇ Á¤µµ´Â ¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÇ Áø½Ç¼ºÀÇ Á¤µµ¿¡
µû¶ó Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. °ü°´, ûÃëÀÚ È¤Àº µ¶ÀÚ°¡ ¿¹¼ú°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àü¿°µÇ¸ç ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ³ë·¡Çϰųª ȤÀº ½º½º·Î ¿¬±âÇÏ¸ç ´ÜÁö ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡±â À§Çؼ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ´À³¢ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¸¶À½ÀÇ »óŰ¡ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» Àü¿°½ÃŲ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¹Ý´ë·Î,
°ü°´, µ¶ÀÚ È¤Àº ûÃëÀÚ°¡ ÀÛ°¡°¡ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸¸Á·À» À§Çؼ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×, Áï, ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» À§ÇØ ±â·ÏÇϰí, ³ë·¡Çϰųª ȤÀº
¿¬±âÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ Ç¥ÇöÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±× ½º½º·Î°¡ ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À³¢ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, Áï½Ã ÀúÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ÙÀ½Àº °¡Àå µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ
»õ·Î¿î ´À³¦, °¡Àå ±³¹¦ÇÑ Å×Å©´ÐÀº, ¾Æ¹«·± ÀλóÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»Áö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Çø¿À°¨À» ÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. |
|
I am speaking of three conditions of infectiousness and worth in art, but in fact only the last is a condition, that the artist must experience an inner need to express the feeling he conveys. This condition includes the first, because if the artist is sincere, he will express his feeling as he has perceived it. And since each man is unlike all others, this feeling will be particular for all other men, and will be the more particular the more deeply the artist pen¡©etrates, the more heartfelt and sincere he is. And this sincerity will force the artist to find a clear expression of the feeling he wishes to convey. |
³ª´Â ¿¹¼ú¿¡¼ Àü¿°¼ºÀÇ ¼¼°¡Áö Á¶°Çµé ¹× °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù,
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸¶Áö¸· ¸¸ÀÌ Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î, ¿¹¼ú°¡´Â ±×°¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ´À³¦À» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ·Á´Â ³»ÀûÀÎ Çʿ並 °æÇèÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¶°ÇÀº ù°¸¦
Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸¸ÀÏ ¿¹¼ú°¡°¡ Áø½ÇÇÏ´Ù¸é, ±×°¡ ´À³¦À» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ±×°ÍÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °¢±â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µé°ú ´Ù¸£±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ ´À³¦Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô µ¶Æ¯ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ¸é µ¶Æ¯ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï ¿¹¼ú°¡°¡ ´õ¿í ±íÀÌ Ä§ÅõÇϰí, ±×´Â ´õ¿í
°¨¸íÀ» ÁÖ°í Áø½ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
And therefore this third condition — sincerity — is the most important of the three. This condition is always present in popular art, which accounts for its powerful effect, and it is almost entirely absent in our upper-class art, ceaselessly fabricated by artists for reasons of personal gain or vanity. |
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¼¼ ¹øÂ° Á¶°Ç
— Áø½Ç¼º — Àº ¼Â
Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.ÀÌ Á¶°ÇÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ´ëÁß ¿¹¼ú¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, °·ÂÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ó·ù °è±Þ ¿¹¼ú¿¡´Â
°ÅÀÇ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î °á¿©µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, °³ÀÎÀû À̵æ ȤÀº Ç㿵À» ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¿¹¼ú°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½° ¾øÀÌ Á¶À۵ȴÙ. |
|
These are the three conditions the presence of which distinguishes art from artistic counterfeits and at the same time determines the worth of any work of art regardless of its content. |
À̰͵éÀÌ ¼¼°¡Áö Á¶°Çµé·Î, ±× Á¸Àç°¡ ¿¹¼úÀ» ¿¹¼úÀû ¸ðÁ¶Ç°µé·ÎºÎÅÍ
±¸º°ÇÏ¸ç µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰÀÌµç ±× ³»¿ë°ú °ü°è ¾øÀÌ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
In the absence of one of these conditions, the work will belong not to art but to its counterfeits. If the work does not convey the individual particularity of the artist¡¯s feeling, and is consequently not particular, if it is incomprehensibly expressed, or if it does not proceed from the author¡¯s inner need, then it is not a work of art. |
À̵é Á¶°Çµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ °á¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ±× ÀÛǰÀº ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏÁö
¾Ê°í ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¸ðÁ¶Ç°µé¿¡ ¼ÓÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÛǰÀÌ ¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÇ ´À³¦ÀÇ °³º°Àû µ¶Æ¯ÇÔÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í °á±¹ µ¶Æ¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ
±×°ÍÀÌ ÇØµæÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù¸é, ȤÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÎ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. |
|
But if all three conditions are present, even in the smallest degree, then the work, even if weak, is a work of art. |
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµç ¼¼°¡Áö Á¶°ÇµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é, ½ÉÁö¾î °¡Àå ÀÛÀº
Á¤µµ¶óµµ, Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±× ÀÛǰÀº, ºñ·Ï ¹Ì¾àÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The presence in differing degrees of the three conditions — particularity, clarity and sincerity — determines the worth of the object of art, regardless of its content. All works of art can be ranked according to their worth by the presence of the first, second and third of these conditions in greater or lesser degree. In one, the particularity of the conveyed feeling may predominate; in another, clarity of expression; in a third, sincerity; in a fourth, sincerity and particularity, but lack of clarity; in a fifth, particularity and clarity, but less sincerity, etc., in all possible degrees and combinations. |
Á¤µµ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¼¼°¡Áö Á¶°Çµé
— µ¶Æ¯ÇÔ, ¸í·á¼º ¹× Áø½Ç¼º — ÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â, ±× ³»¿ë°ú °ü°è ¾øÀÌ,
¿¹¼ú ´ë»óÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰµéÀº Å©°Å³ª ÀÛÀº Á¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó À̵é Á¶°ÇµéÀÇ Ã¹Â°, µÑ° ¹× ¼Â°ÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °¡Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó
µî±ÞÀÌ ¸Å°ÜÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ù ÀÛǰÀº, Àü´ÞµÈ ´À³¦ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÔÀÌ µÎµå·¯Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù; µÑ°´Â, Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ¸í·áÇÔ; ¼Â°´Â, Áø½Ç¼º; ³Ý°´Â, Áø½Ç¼º
¹× µ¶Æ¯ÇÔ, ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸í·áÇÔÀÇ ºÎÁ·; ´Ù¼¸Â°´Â, µ¶Æ¯ÇÔ ¹× ¸í·á¼º, ÇÏÁö¸¸ Áø½Ç¼ºÀÌ ¾àÇÔ, µî, ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¤µµµé ¹× Á¶ÇÕµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Thus art is distinguished from non-art, and the worth of art as art is determined, regardless of its content, that is, independently of whether it conveys good or bad feelings. |
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¿¹¼úÀº ºñ-¿¹¼ú°ú ±¸º°µÇ¸ç, ¿¹¼ú·Î¼ÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀÇ °¡Ä¡´Â
°áÁ¤µÇ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ±× ³»¿ë°ú °ü°è¾ø´Ù, Áï, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ È¤Àº ¾ÇÇÑ ´À³¦µéÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏ´ÂÁö´Â º°°³ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But how determine whether art is good or bad in its content? |
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿¹¼úÀÌ ±× ³»¿ë¿¡¼ ¼±ÇÑÁö ¾ÇÇÑÁö ¾î¶»°Ô °áÁ¤Çϴ°¡? |
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
¡¡ |
[Home]
[Up]
[Contents]
[Preface]
[Bibliographical Note]
[A Note on the Text]
[WHAT IS ART?]
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
[CONCLUSION]
[Appendix I]
[Appendix II]
[Notes]
|
|
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|